^— -. 

International Exhibition, 

1876. 



APPENDIX TO THE REPORTS 



OF THE 



UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION 
CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. 






PHILADELPHIA: 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 

1879. 



9r 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, by the 

CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



^ « 



CONTENTS. 



APPENDIX A. 

Abstract of the Journal of the Centennial Commission I 

APPENDIX B. 

Circulars, Announcements, Regulations, etc 1 6 

APPENDIX C. 

Legislative and Executive Action of the Government of the United States . . 101 

APPENDIX D. 
Legislative and Executive Action in the States and Territories . . . .120 

Alabama 120 

Arizona .............. 121 

Arkansas 1 23 

Colorado 126 

Connecticut ............. 128 

Delaware 131 

Florida .............. 132 

Georgia I34 

Idaho 134 

Illinois .............. 13c 

Indiana j-^y 



Iowa 



3S 



Kansas .............. 143 

Kentucky ............. jrg 

Louisiana 163 

Maine , . 164 

Maryland 167 

Massachusetts . . . .• I j l 

Michigan jy, 

Minnesota m T - 4 

Mississippi 176 

Missouri r -g 

Montana x -g 

Nebraska jg 

Nevada 180 

New Hampshire # z g 2 

New Jersey t jg 2 

New Mexico jg- 

New York jgg 

iii 



[y CONTENTS. 

PAGB 

North Carolina ............ 191 

Ohio 191 

Oregon 195 

Pennsylvania 196 

Rhode Island 221 

Virginia ............... 224 

Washington Territory . . . . . . . . . . .226 

West Virginia ............ 227 

Wisconsin ............. 231 

Dakota 233 

APPENDIX E. 

Action of Municipal and Corporate Bodies ........ 237 

Philadelphia 237 

Wilmington, Delaware 243 

APPENDIX F. 

Board on Behalf of the Executive Departments of the United States Government . 244 

APPENDIX G. 

State Boards of Centennial Managers . . . . . . . . . 245 

APPENDIX H. 

Acceptances by Foreign Governments 250 

Argentine Republic 250 

Austria 251 

Belgium 25 1 

Bolivia .............. 252 

Brazil 252 

Chili . . . .253 

China .............. 254 

Colombia ............. 254 

Denmark 255 

Ecuador 255 

Egypt 255 

France ...... 256 

Germany 256 

Great Britain 257 

Greece . 257 

Guatemala 257 

Hawaiian Islands ............ 258 

Honduras ............. 259 

Italy 260 

Japan .............. 260 

Liberia .............. 261 

Luxembourg 261 

Mexico .............. 262 

Netherlands ............. 262 

Orange Free State ............ 263 

Peru .............. 263 

Portugal. ............. 264 



CONTENTS. v 

PAGE 

Russia 264 

Salvador ............. 265 

Siam .............. 265 

Spain .............. 265 

Sweden and Norway ........... 266 

Switzerland 267 

Tunis .............. 268 

Turkey ... 268 

Venezuela 268 

APPENDIX I. 

Participation by Foreign Nations .......... 269 

Argentine Republic ........... 269 

Austria ... . . . . . . . . . . . 269 

Belgium 269 

Brazil . 269 

Denmark ............. 270 

Egypt 270 

Germany ............. 270 

Great Britain and Colonies .......... 270 

Bahamas ............. 271 

Canada . . . . 271 

Cape of Good Hope .......... 271 

New South Wales . . . . ... . . . . .271 

South Australia . . . . . . . . . . 272 

Tasmania ............. 272 

Victoria ............. 272 

Japan 273 

Netherlands ............. 273 

Orange Free State ............ 273 

Peru 273 

Portugal 273 

Sweden and Norway ........... 274 

Switzerland 274 

Tunis .............. 274 



Venezuela 



274 



APPENDIX. 



APPENDIX A. 



ABSTRACT OF THE JOURNAL OF THE CENTENNIAL 
COMMISSION. 



There have been eight sessions of the United States Centennial Commission, 



Session. 


Date of Meeting. 


Sat — Days. 


First . 


March 4, 1872. 


6 


Second 


May 22, 1872. 


7 


Third 


December 4, 1872. 


7 


Fourth 


May 7, 1873. 


6 


Fifth 


May 20, 1874. 


3 


Sixth 


May 19, 1875. 


4 


Seventh 


April 26, 1876. 


13 


Eighth 


May 17, 1876. 


60 



Members 
Present. 

32 


States 
tories 


and Terri- 
Represetited, 

28 


41 




33 


50 




37 


59 
46 




43 
33 


54 
72 




37 
46 


77 




47 



est Session. 



FIRST SESSION. 

March 4-1 1, 1872. 

The Centennial Commission, having organized, proceeded to meet the Mayor, Select Abstract- of 
and Common Councils, and representatives of corporate bodies of the city of Philadelphia, J 011 " 1 * 1 ; 
in Independence Hall; 

Accepted invitations to visit the rooms of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; 

To visit the United States Mint; 

To view the art gallery of Messrs. Porter & Coates, publishers, and their copy of 
Washington's Family Bible; 

To attend the stated meeting of City Councils; 

To visit the club-house of the Union League of Philadelphia; 

To visit Carpenter's Hall ; 

To meet the President of the United States at the residence of Mr. George W. Childs ; 

To visit Fairmount Park with the Committee of Councils on the Centennial Anniver 
sary and the Park Commissioners ; 

To visit the rooms of the Library Company of Philadelphia, and of the Mercantile 
Library Company; 

Adopted resolutions, " That the site for holding the International Exhibition in 1876 
be fixed at Fairmount Park, within the corporate limits of the city of Philadelphia;" 

" That the arrangement and classification of objects [shown in the Exhibition] shall be 
both geographical and systematic, and that a committee of three be appointed by the Presi- 
dent to prepare and report a system of classification and arrangement combining these two 
elements;" 

" That the Committee on Plans and Architecture be requested to report at the May 
meeting sketches of plans for a building or inclosure to contain about fifty acres of floor 



Abstract of 

Jcurnal. necessary;" 

ist Session 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
space, with estimates of the cost of such a structure as in their judgment may be deemed 



" That the Governors of the several States and Territories be requested, through State 
organizations, to assist and co-operate with the Commissioners appointed by them, in the 
matter of State legislation, if required, and in every other way that may awaken an interest 
and tend to promote and bring to the best results the objects of this Commission ;" 

Heard an address from Mr. Wm. P. Blake, Alternate Commissioner of Connecticut, 
upon "Previous International Exhibitions;"* 

Instructed, by resolution, the Committee on Legislation to visit the Japanese Embassy, 
in Washington, to inform them of the intended Exhibition, "and to solicit the personal 
action of the Embassy to enlist the interest of the Imperial Government and people of Japan 
in a full representation of the arts, industry, and products of their nation;" 

Adopted the By-Laws hereto appended ; and 

Completed its organization by naming its permanent officers and standing committees. 

BY-LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COM- 
MISSION. 



ARTICLE I. 

OFFICIAL TITLE. 



This body shall be known as "The United States Centennial Commission," as pro- 
vided for by the Act of Congress approved March 3, 1871, and the celebration for the 
conduct of which the Commission is appointed shall be known as " The International 
Exhibition of 1876." 

ARTICLE II. 

QUORUM. 
A quorum for the transaction of business shall consist of the Commissioners represent- 
ing not less than thirteen States and Territories. 

ARTICLE III. 

TOWER OF ALTERNATE COMMISSIONER. 

An Alternate Commissioner shall have all the powers of a Commissioner when the 
Commissioner is not present at any meeting. When the Commissioner is present the 
Alternate may participate in the debates, and serve on committees, but shall have no vote. 

ARTICLE IV. 

OFFICERS OF THE COMMISSION. 

The officers of the Commission shall consist of a President and five Vice-Presidents, all of 
whom shall be chosen from among the members of this Commission. They shall be elected 
at the first stated meeting. The terms of the officers then elected shall expire on the first 
Wednesday of May, 1873; after which time the officers elected shall hold for one year. 
In case of a failure to elect at the time specified, the officers then serving shall continue 
until the choice of their successors. 

ARTICLE V. 

ELECTION OF A SECRETARY. 
The Commission shall, at a subsequent stated meeting, elect a Secretary, who shall 
hold his office at the pleasure of the Commission: Provided, That until such election a 
member of the Commission shall be chosen to act as Temporary Secretary. 

* Mr. Blake's address is printed in full in the Journal of the first session, pp. 53-66. 



APPENDIX A. 



ARTICLE VI. Abstractor 

Journal. 
ELECTION OF TREASURER. „ c . 

ist Session. 

A Treasurer shall be elected by the Commission; he shall give security in such a sum, 

and of such a character, as to meet the approval of the Executive Committee, or such other 

committee as may be designated by the Commission. 

ARTICLE VII. 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

The President shall nominate, subject to the approval of the Commission, at its first 
session, an Executive Committee, consisting of seven members. The said committee shall 
have power to act on such questions as shall aiise during the recess ®f the Commission, 
subject to the approval of the Commission at its next stated meeting. A majority of its 
members shall constitute a quorum, and shall have power to make such regulations for 
their own government as to them shall seem proper. They shall elect such officers and 
agents as they shall deem necessary ; shall define their duties, and fix their compensation. 
They shall report, fully, all their transactions to the Commission, from time to time, for 
approval. In case of any vacancy happening when the Commission is not in session, the 
same shall be filled by the President, subject to confirmation by the Commission at the next 
stated meeting. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

DUTIES OF THE PRESIDENT. 

The President shall preside at all meetings of the Commission; he. shall appoint all 
committees unless otherwise ordered; he shall, at the request of the Executive Committee, 
call special meetings of the Commission, giving not less than thirty (30) days' notice to each 
member, and shall have all the powers and privileges incident to the position of presiding 
officer; he shall be ex-officio member of all committees. 

ARTICLE IX. 

DUTIES OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

A Vice-President shall, in the absence of the President, perform his duties, each taking 
precedence in accordance with the order of his election. 

ARTICLE X. 

DUTIES OF SECRETARY. 

The Secretary shall conduct all correspondence of the Commission ; he shall receive 
and carefully file all documents relative to the business of the Commission. He shall be 
present at the office of the Commission, in the city of Philadelphia, and carry out any orders 
of the Commission or the Executive Committee ; he shall keep minutes of all transactions, 
and at each meeting, or when required, report all matters of interest to the Commission 
and the Executive Committee. All books, documents, and papers in his possession shall, 
at all times, be open to the inspection of any member. 

ARTICLE XL 

DUTIES OF TREASURER. 

The Treasurer shall hold all moneys belonging to the Commission. He shall deposit 
the same in such depository as may be designated by the Commission, and draw the same 
only on proper warrants of the authorized officer. He shall keep accurate accounts of all 
the receipts and expenditures, and shall report the same, in detail, to the Executive Com- 
mittee quarterly, or oftener, if required by them, and also at each meeting of the Commis- 
sion. His books, shall, at all times, be open to any one of the Commissioners. 



Abstract of 
Journal, 
ist Session. 



4 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876 

ARTICLE XII. 

PAYMENT OF MONEYS. 

No money shall be drawn from the Treasury of the Commission except on specific 
appropriations made by the Commission or the Executive Committee, and under such rules 
and restrictions as the Executive Committee shall prescribe. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

STANDING COMMITTEES. 

The President shall appoint the following committees, to hold for one year, or until 
discharged by the Commission; — A Committee on Finance, to consist of five (5) mem- 
bers; a Committee on Plans and Architecture, to consist of seven (7) members; a Com- 
mittee on Tariffs and Transportation, to consist of seven (7) members; a Committee on 
Foreign Affairs, to consist of five (5) members; and a Committee on Opening Ceremonies, 
to consist of five (5) members, to whom shall be referred such matters as appropriately 
belong to their respective duties. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

STATED MEETINGS. 

Stated annual meetings of the Commission shall be held on the first Wednesday of May 
of each year after 1872. 

ARTICLE XV. 

RULES OF PARLIAMENTARY LAW. 

The rules of Parliamentary Law, as laid down in Cushing's Manual, shall be the rules 
governing the deliberations of the Commission, except when they conflict with the provis- 
ions of these By-Laws. 

ARTICLE XVI. 

AMENDMENTS TO BY-LAWS. 

Amendments to these By-Laws shall only be made at a meeting of the Commission, as 
provided for in the fifth section of the Act of Congress. 



Orestes Cleveland, 
Henry Probasco, 



OFFICERS. 

Presidei?t.— Joseph R. Hawley. 

Vice - Pres id en ts . 

William M. Byrd, 
John Dunbar Creigh. 
Robert Lowry. 



Temporary Secretary. — Lewis Waln Smith. 



STANDING COMMITTEES. 



Executive Committee. 

DANIEL J. MoRRELL, Pennsylvania. 
John V. L. PRUYN, New York. 
George PL Corliss, Rhode Island. 
Wm. Prescott SMITH, Maryland. 
John Lynch, Louisiana. 
John G. Stevens, New Jersey. 
Walter W. Wood, Virginia. 



Committee on Plans and Architecture 

Henry Probasco, Ohio. 
Wm. Henry Parsons, Texas. 
John N. Baxter, Vermont. 
Ezekiel A. Straw, New Hampshire 
David Atwood, Wisconsin. 
Wm. T. Read, Delaware. 
Geo. A. Batchelder, Dakota. 



APPENDIX A. 



Committee on Tariffs and Transportation. 
O. C. French, Mississippi. 
David M. Boyd, Jr., Indiana. 
Charles H. Marshall, New York. 
Joshua Nye, Maine. 
A. J. Sweeney, West Virginia. 
Wm. F. ProsSER, Tennessee. 
John H. Wickhizer, Utah. 

Committee on Finance. 
J. Wiley Edmands, Massachusetts. 
Asa Packer, Pennsylvania. 
Samuel Powel, Rhode Island. 
James Birney, Michigan. 
J. Marshall Paul, Colorado. 

Committee on Foreign Affairs. 
John L. Campbell, Indiana. 
John G. Stevens, New Jersey. 



Robert H. Lamborn, Wyoming. 
John V. L. Pruyn, New York. 
Lewis Waln Smith, Georgia. 

Committee on Opening Services. 
James L. Orr, South Carolina. 
Richard C. McCormick, Arizona. 
Henry S. Moody, Nebraska. 
Samuel Powel, Rhode Island. 
Wilson W. Griffith, Ohio. 

Committee on Legislation. 
David Atwood, Wisconsin. 
Orestes Cleveland, New Jersey. 
William M. Byrd, Alabama. 
William F. Prosser, Tennessee. 
J. E. Dexter, District of Columbia. 
Solomon L. Spink, Dakota. 
William H. Clagett, Montana. 



Abstract of 
Journal, 
ist Session. 



SECOND SESSION. 
May 22-29, 1872. 

The Commission heard and adopted reports from 

The Executive Committee, reporting its action since the adjournment of the Commis- 
sion in March, detailing the considerations which had led to its application to Congress for 
the incorporation of the Centennial Board of Finance, and urging the propriety of a govern- 
mental appropriation to cover the expenses of the Commission ;* 

The Committee on Plans and Architecture, stating that it had held numerous confer- 
ences with committees representing the architects of Philadelphia, New York, and Boston ; 
and urging the Commission to decide upon the site and other preliminary details essen- 
tial to further progress; also, a further report specifying the manner in which architects 
should be invited to compete for the premiums offered for the best plans ;f 

The Committee on Foreign Affairs, submitting the General Regulations which should 
accompany the Proclamation of the President of the United States, inviting foreign nations 
to participate in the Exhibition ;J 

The Committee on Foreign Affairs, recommending that the President of the United 
States be requested to appoint three members of the Centennial Commission to act as 
United States Commissioners at the International Exhibition at Vienna in 1873; 

The Committee on Legislation, stating that, in accordance with instructions received at 
the first session, it had visited the Japanese Embassy at Washington (March 14, 1872), had 
conveyed to the ambassadors the desire of the Centennial Commission that Japan should be 
fully represented in the Exhibition, and had received from them assurances that they would 
cordially interest themselves in the matter; 



2d Session. 



* The (first) Report of the Executive Committee is printed in full in the Journal of the second session, 
pp. 94-101. 

+ Full details of the work, of the Committee on Plans and Architecture are given in the Report of the 
Director-General, p. 29. 

1 The report of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, which embodies the substance of the General Regula- 
tions as ultimately adhered to, is printed in the Journal of the second session, pp. no, in ; see also 112, 121. 



Abstract of 
Journal. 
2d Session. 



6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

The Committee on Classification, submitting and explaining the outlines of their 
proposed system of arrangement of objects exhibited. 

Invitations were accepted to visit the Cincinnati Industrial Exhibition, in September 
and October, 1872, a visiting committee being appointed; 

To attend a conversazione at the rooms of the Philadelphia Chapter of the American 
Institute of Architects ; 

To mal<e use of the rooms of the Centennial Committee of the State of Pennsylvania ; 

To view paintings in the art gallery of Messrs. James S. Earle & Sons; 

To accept silk badges woven on the Jacquard looms of Messrs. Werner, Itchner, & 
Co., and to visit their factory; 

To inspect the ship-yards and harbor of Philadelphia; 

To visit Fairmount Park with the Committee of City Councils on the Centennial 
Anniversary ; 

To accept the privilege of free transportation over the Pennsylvania Railroad and its 
branches when traveling on the business of the Commission. 
Resolutions were passed as follows ; 

" That each Commissioner and his Alternate are instructed in some suitable form to 
bring the objects of the Centennial Celebration of American Independence to the notice 
of the Governors of their respective Slates and Territories, and to ask them to call the 
special attention of their Legislatures, asking them to make some arrangement by the 
State Government to aid in forwarding this noble and patriotic enterprise;" also, further 
resolutions, recommending the formation of co-operative Boards of Centennial Managers 
in each State and Territory, and providing that a letter should be forwarded to each 
Governor suggesting a general plan of action ; 

That an Address to the People of the United States should be issued, informing them 
of the characteristics of the Exhibition ; 

That, upon the passage of the Act then pending in Congress for the incorporation of 
the Centennial Board of Finance, the Executive Committee should take all steps necessary 
for the organization of that body ; 

That a collection should be made of the reports, statistics, etc., of previous Inter- 
national Exhibitions ; 

That an official Seal be adopted for the use of the Centennial Commission ; 

That a legal Counsellor and Solicitor for the Commission be elected; and 

That the office of " Executive Commissioner" be constituted. 
In accordance with the last two resolutions, the Commission unanimously elected as 
Counsellor and Solicitor Mr. John L. Shoemaker, of Philadelphia, and as Executive Com 
missioner Mr. W. P. Blake, of Connecticut. 

The Special Committee on Classification was made a standing committee. 



THIRD SESSION. 

December 4-11, 1872. 

The Commission heard and adopted reports from 

The Executive Committee, reciting the progress which had been made in the organiza- 
tion of the Board of Finance, acknowledging the appropriation by the Philadelphia City 
Councils of $50,000 for the furtherance of that work and the current expenses of the Com- 
mission; reiterating the considerations which dictated a Congressional appropriation to the 
Commission, and deploring the death of Mr. Win. Prescott Smith, of Maryland, a member 
of the Executive Committee;* 



* The (second) report of the Executive Committee is printed in full in the Appendix to the Journal of 
the third session, pp. 3-23. 



APPENDIX A. j 

The Executive Commissioner, detailing the procedure which had been followed in Abstract of 
organizing the Board of Finance, the methods of popularizing the Exhibition by the dis- J ournal - 
semination of addresses to industrial, scientific, and other associations ; and correspondence 
which had occurred with individuals and societies purposing to participate in the Exnibition ;* 

The Committee on Classification, communicating proof-sheets of the system so far as 
perfected ; 

The Committee on Plans and Architecture, explaining that funds were not yet avail* 
able for the prosecution of its work ; 

The Committee on Foreign Affairs, reporting upon its correspondence with societies 
and individuals abroad. 

An invitation was accepted to visit the club-house of the Union League of Philadelphia. 
Resolutions were passed 

Expressing the grief of the Commission at the death of Mr. William Prescott Smith, 
Commissioner from Maryland ; 

Authorizing the Executive Committee to proceed with the organization of the Board 
of Finance; 

Instructing the Executive Committee to co-operate with the Philadelphia citizens' 
committee who were engaged in furthering the Centennial Celebration; 

Instructing the President of the Commission to report to Congress the work thus far 
accomplished; 

Adopting a memorial (signed by all the members of the Commission present) solicit- 
ing such governmental assistance as might be necessary to carry on the preparations for the 
Exhibition ; also requesting the Committee on Finance to proceed to Washington and lay 
the subject before Congress ; 

Authorizing the President of the Commission to appoint a committee of its members 
to visit the International Exhibition at Vienna, 1873, an< ^ report upon it; 

Directing a revision of the By-Laws; 

Conveying to Mr. Lewis Wain Smith the thanks of the Commission for his discharge 
of the duties of Temporary Secretary. 

Mr. Lewis Wain Smith, Alternate Commissioner of Georgia, declared his inability to 
longer act as Temporary Secretary of the Commission. [No successor being appointed, 
Mr. Smith filled the position until the next session of the Commission.] 

Mr. Wm. P. Blake, Alternate Commissioner of Connecticut, resigned his office of Ex- 
ecutive Commissioner. 



FOURTH SESSION. 4 th Session. 

May 7-13, 1873. 

Reports were received and accepted from 

The Executive Committee, reciting its transactions since its previous report; the 
work done toward raising stock subscriptions and assisting the Exhibition by the Citizens' 
Centennial Finance Committee of Philadelphia, which represented every trade, profession, 
and business interest of the city; the co-operation of the Fairmount Park Commission, the 
Philadelphia City Councils Committee, and the Pennsylvania State Centennial Commission ; 
the appropriation by the Philadelphia Councils of $500,000 toward the erection of the 
Centennial buildings; the holding of a grand mass-meeting (February 22, 1873) designed 
to stimulate interest in the Exhibition; the visit of the Executive Committee to Harrisburg 

* See Appendix 3 to Journal of the third session, pp. 54-107. 



4th Session. 



g INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Abstract of to enlist the co-operation of the Governor and Legislature January 28, 1873), which was 
ithfiinn f° llowed b y a State appropriation of $1,000,000 toward the buildings; the passage of 
sympathetic resolutions by the Legislatures of Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia; 
the assistance rendered by the newspaper press; the circular addresses issued to the people 
of the United States at large, and to representatives of various special interests; the 
sending of agents to the Vienna International Exhibition of 1 873, who should report upon 
its organization, plans, etc.; the recognition (February 24, 1873) of the Women's Centen- 
nial Executive Committee; the organization (April 23, 1873) of the Centennial Board of 
Finance ; and urging the need of a national appropriation of funds adequate to the conduct 
of the operations of the Centennial Commission ;* 

The Temporary Secretary (Mr. Lewis Wain Smith), detailing the expenditures on 
behalf of the Centennial Commission and the organization of the Board of Finance, and 
the work done for the Commission and by the Citizens' Committees ;f 

The Women's Centennial Executive Committee, accounting for their receipts of stock 
subscriptions ; 

The Committee on Classification, describing the system of notation adopted ; 

The Committee on Plans and Architecture, stating that a transfer of the Exhibition 
grounds had been made by the Park Commission; that it had been determined to erect 
several Exhibition buildings, covering in the aggregate about fifty acres of space; and 
that specifications for designs (of which a copy was annexed) had been issued to archi- 
tects ;% 

Messrs. W. P. Blake and Henry Petti t, special agents to examine and report upon 
the Vienna International Exhibition of 1873; also from 

The special joint committee on conference, as to the relative rights and duties of the 
Centennial Commission and Board of Finance. || 

The Commission held conferences with the Centennial Board of Finance and Penn- 
sylvania State Board of Supervisors; also with 

The Women's Centennial Executive Committee. 
Resolutions were passed 

Lamenting the death of William T. Read, Commissioner from Delaware ; also of 

The Hon. James L. Or, formerly Commissioner from South Carolina, and late 
Minister of the United States to the Court of St. Petersburg; 

Thanking the Women's Centennial Committee of Pennsylvania for their labors in 
behalf of the Exhibition in Philadelphia, and commending their example to the women 
of other States ; 

The Centennial Board of Finance and Pennsylvania State Board of Supervisors; 

Mr. Lewis Wain Smith, for his gratuitous discharge of the duties of Temporary 
Secretary since the organization of the Commission ; 

Messrs. Bailie Peyton and Henry S. Foote, for their labors in aid of the Exhibition 
with the Legislatures of Kentucky and Tennessee ; 

The States of Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Oregon, for their liberal subscriptions 
to the stock of the Board of Finance ; 

The newspaper press, for the aid rendered the Commission in its work ; 

Appointing a committee to lay before the Governors of States about to assemble in 
convention at Augusta, Ga., the objects of the Commission ; 

Instructing the Executive Committee to require of persons intending to exhibit an 
estimate of the space they would require; 

* The (fourth) report of the Executive Committee is printed in the Appendix to the Journal of the 
fourth session, pp. 3-36. 

f See (first) report of the Temporary Secretary, Appendix to Journal of fourth session, pp. 36-40. 
% For the work of the Committee on Plans and Architecture, see report of the Director-General, p. 29. 
B See Appen lix to Journal of fourth session, p. 50. 



4th Session. 



APPENDIX A. 9 

Authorizing the Executive Committee to deliver to the Board of Finance all stock Abstractor 
subscription books and papers and records pertaining thereto; Journa . 

Directing the Committee on Tariff and Transportation to arrange with railway and 
steamship companies for reduced rates of fare for visitors to the Exhibition, and to aid 
them in finding boarding and lodging while in Philadelphia; 

Requesting the Executive Committee to take measures to insure participation in the 
Exhibition by China, Japan, and other Oriental nations. 

Amendments were made to the By-Laws. 

The resolution (May 28, 1872) creating the office of Executive Commissioner was 
repealed. 

The Executive Committee was given, by an additional by-law, " authority to elect one 
of its own members, who shall le known and recognized as 'Director-General,' whose 
office shall be at the headquarters of the Commission in Philadelphia, and whose duties, 
powers, and compensation shall be fixed by the said committee." 

The Executive Committee reported its election of Mr. Alfred T. Goshorn, of Ohio, as 
Director-General. 

Mr. John L. Campbell, of Indiana, was elected Secretary of the Commission. [Upon 
Mr. Campbell's request, Mr. Lewis Wain Smith was desired to continue in control of the 
office for a few weeks, until Mr. Campbell could arrange to remove to Philadelphia.] 



FIFTH SESSION. 
May 20-22, 1874. 



The Commission heard and adopted reports from 5 th Session. 

The Executive Committee, stating that during the year previous it had held monthly 
sessions; that the formal transfer of the Exhibition grounds had been made to the Cen- 
tennial Commission (July 4, 1873) * n tne presence of representatives of the National 
Government, who had thereupon made public the proclamation of the President of the 
United States commending the Exhibition to all nations; explaining the embarrassments 
which arose from the Secretary of State's construing the terms of the proclamation and 
of the Act of Congress as not warranting an invitation to foreign persons in the name of 
the Government, thus destroying the International feature of the Exhibition, and necessi- 
tating the introduction in Congress of an Act, then pending, in which the President was 
"requested to extend, in the name of the United States, a respectful and cordial invitation 
to the Government* of other nations to be represented and take part in the International 
Exhibition;" relating that the labors of the Centennial Board of Finance to procure sub- 
scriptions to its stock had been frustrated by the financial panics prevalent throughout 
the country since the autumn of 1873, so tnat tne Board found it necessary to advise the 
Commission (February 14, 1874) that without Congressional aid the Board would not be 
warranted in making contracts for the erection of buildings; that the need of govern- 
mental aid had been set forth in a report to the President (February 23, 1874), who had 
transmitted the same to Congress with a message strongly recommending an appropriation 
(February 25, 1874), and that a bill appropriating $3,000,000 had been introduced in the 
House of Representatives (April 16, 1874), where it was still pending; communicating 
the reports of Messrs. Blake and Pettit, agents of the Commission, upon the organization 
of the International Exhibition at Vienna in 1873, also the report of 

The Director-General, giving an outline of the progress made in organizing the 
several departments of the Exhibition since assuming the duties of his office (October 14, 
1873); the measures taken to interest foreign powers and the people of this country in the 
Exhibition, and to establish co-operative organizations in all the States and Territories; 



IO 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Abstract of 
Journal. 
5th Session. 



mentioning that the President, by Executive order, had appointed a Board representing 
each of the Executive Departments of the Government, which was charged with the 
preparation of a collective exhibition on behalf of the Government; transmitting the 
report of the consulting engineer upon the progress of the plans of the Exhibition build- 
ings ; and one from the Secretary of the Board of Finance showing the financial status 
of the Exhibition;* 

The Secretary, describing the work done in the office of the Commission from the 
time of his entering upon his duties (June, 1873^, — the examination of plans submitted for 
the Exhibition buildings and award of premiums to the successful architects; the collection 
of information about International Exhibitions; the popularizing of the Centennial Cele- 
bration and Exhibition by means of newspaper articles, circulars, pamphlets, etc. ; official 
and general correspondence; and enumerating the changes in the membership of the 
Commission since its previous session ;f 

The Committee on Classification, recording the previous action of the Commission 
on the subject; describing in detail the system adopted, and comparing it with othei 
systems. % 

An invitation was accepted to visit the Exhibition of the American Institute in New 
York, in September, 1874. 

Resolutions were passed as follows : 

Adopting a Memorial to Congress, signed by the President, Director-General, and 
Secretary, setting forth the necessity of immediate governmental aid ; 

Acknowledging the liberal subscriptions in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania; 

Acknowledging co-operative action by the California and the National Granges of 
the Patrons of Husbandry and the Society of California Pioneers; 

Acknowledging the labors of the Women's Centennial Executive. Committee through- 
out the States and Territories; 

Thanking Mr. D. M. Boyd, Jr., for favors procured from railroad companies; 

Accepting proposals to erect memorial statues and fountains, offered by the Catholic 
Total Abstinence Union, the (Italian) Christopher Columbus Association, and the (Hebrew) 
Order of B'nai B'rith; 

Requesting the Governors of States and Territories to appoint Boards of Centennial 
Managers, in cases where the Legislatures had failed to do so ; 

Authorizing the Executive Committee to modify the plans for the Main Exhibition 
Building, and decide, with the Board of Finance, upon their adoption; also to dissolve the 
Committee on Plans and Architecture. 



6th Session. 



SIXTH SESSION. 
May 19-22, 1875. 



The Commission heard and adopted reports from 

The Executive Committee, relating the passage by Congress and approval (June 5, 
1874) of the Act requesting the President to formally invite foreign powers to take part in 
the Exhibition; the submission of a report to the President (January 20, 1875), detailing 
the preparations for the Exhibition, and setting forth the need of governmental aid to the 



* The Reports of the Executive Committee and Director-General, with other documents above referred 
to, are printed in full in the Appendix to the Journal of the fifth session, pp. 1-27. 

•f The Secretary's report is printed in the Appendix to the Journal of the fifth session, pp. 28-30. 
% See Appendix to Journal of fifth session, pp. 31-47. 



APPENDIX A. 1 1 

amount of $1,500,0^0, — which report was transmitted by the President, with a special Abstract of 
message, to Congress (January 26, 1875), DU t was not acte ^ upon during the short session ^°/ 1 ^ la '. 
of that body; mentioning the appropriation of $505,000 by Congress for the use of the 
Government Board preparing the collective exhibit of the United States Executive De- 
partments ; communicating, in an appended report from the Board of Finance, the financial 
condition of the Exhibition, and the preparation of the buildings and grounds; naming 
the changes in the membership of the Executive Committee since the last session of the 
Commission ; and submitting the report of 

The Director-General, describing such progress in the construction of the buildings 
as assured their completion in good season, and giving their areas and contract price; the 
necessity of the revision and rearrangement of the Classification; the organization of 
administrative bureaus charged with the duty of mannging the several departments of the 
Exhibition under the supervision of the Director-General ; the adoption of a system of 
awards to exhibitors; the acceptance by foreign Governments of the invitation to take 
part in the Exhibition; the Congressional legislation and regulations of the Secretary of 
the Treasury providing for the free importation of goods for exhibition; and the reasons 
for changing the dates of opening and closing the Exhibition, receiving goods, etc. ;* 

The Secretary, indicating the general work accomplished during the previous year ; 
the appointment of Centennial State Boards in the various States and Territories; referring 
to the death of Commissioners Byrd, of Alabama, and Gantt, of Arkansas; and naming 
the other changes in the membership of the Commission since its last session. f 

Invitations were accepted to visit the Loan Exhibition then being held by the Women's 
Centennial Executive Committee; 

To visit the club-house of the Union League. 
Resolutions were passed, lamenting the death of Judge Byrd, Commissioner from 
Alabama ; 

The death of Mr. E. W. Gantt, Commiss : oner from Arkansas ; 

Expressing the sympathy of the Commission with the people of North Carolina 
and Tennessee engaged in celebrating the one-hundredth anniversary of the Mecklenburg 
Declaration of Independence ;$ 

Directing that the State Boards of Centennial Managers be furnished with all necessary 
documents and information respecting the Exhibition, and requested to act promptly and 
systematically to insure the creditable representation of each State; 

Soliciting the co-operation of professional, literary, scientific, religious, benevolent* 
and other societies, and especially those representing journalists and printers, by holding 
their anniversary or special meetings in Philadelphia during the term of the Exhibition ; 

Requesting the Executive Committee to assist the Board of Finance in establishing 
active agencies in every section for the promotion of stock subscriptions; 

Inviting Mr George H. Corliss, of Rhode Island, to renew the offer previously 
made at the request of the Executive Committee, to supply steam-power for the Machinery 
Building; 

* For reports of the Executive Committee and Director-General, and appended documents, see Journal 
of the sixth session, pp. 33-67. 

f For the Secretary's report, see Journal of the sixth session, pp. 29-32. 

X By direction of the Commission, the following telegram was sent (May 20, 1875) : 

" To our fellow-citizens celebrating the Mecklenburg Declaration at Ckarlotte, North Carolina. 

"The United States Centennial Commission, in annual meeting near Independence Hall, send most 
cordial and fraternal greetings, with the warmest wishes for your success and happiness. Pray come up as 
your fathers did, to meet your brothers and finish the work next year at Philadelphia. 

" For the Commission, 

"JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President. 
"JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary." 



Abstract of 
Journal. 
6th Session. 



12 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Desiring the Superintendent of Indian Affairs and the General Council of the civil- 
ized Indian nations in the Indian Territory to provide for a representation of the several 
tribes in the Exhibition ; 

Adopting a system of awards to exhibitors, based upon the inherent and comparative 
merit of exhibits; 

Commending the progress made in the construction of the Exhibition buildings and 
preparation of the grounds, insuring their readiness in due season; 

Desiring the President of the Commission to devote his whole time to the work of 
the Exhibition, and, to that end, to take up his residence in Philadelphia; 

Thanking the Board of Finance and officers of the Commission for their conduct 
of the business of their several departments; 

Thanking the Women's Centennial Executive Committee for their furtherance of the 
interests of the Exhibition throughout the Union ; 

Thanking the newspaper press of Philadelphia and the country at large for assistance 
rendered. 

Officers were elected for the ensuing year,* and Standing Committees appointed. f 



7 th Session. SEVENTH SESSION. 

April 26-May 16, 1876. 

The Executive Committee submitted its report, referring to the great amount of labor 
in detail it had been called upon to deal with in anticipation of the opening of the Ex- 
hibition, — the arrangements for special exhibits, the provision of power for the Machinery 
Building, the award of space to exhibitors, the erection of special buildings and annexes, 
the regulation of admissions, provisions for public meetings and the accommodation of the 
newspaper press, concessions of privileges, arrangement of memorial ceremonies, approval 
of plans of special buildings, custom-house regulations, etc., of police regulations, of com- 
mittees in connection with the Art Department and the Bureau of Awards; stating that 
the admission price to the Exhibition had been fixed at the uniform price of fifty cents; 
that Mr. George H. Corliss, of Rhode Island, had provided an engine capable of driving 
the fourteen acres of machinery on exhibition; that the organization of the Department of 
Awards had been duly perfected; that the concessions of privileges on the grounds had 
been made carefullv, and in such manner as to produce considerable revenue; that the 
Governors of States had been requested to appoint orators to deliver appropriate historica] 
addresses; and acknowledging the aid received from the Centennial Board of Finance 
and the Women's Centennial Executive Committee. J 

The Executive Committee also rendered a special report of its action in appointing 
Judges of Awards, accompanied by names of the Judges and the opinion of the Solicitor 
of the Commission as to the authority of the Executive Committee to create a Bureau of 
Awards. £ 

The President of the Commission furnished a copy of the schedule of the ceremonies 
to be observed at the opening of the Exhibition, which had been submitted to the President 
of the United States.]] 

The Director-General's report was presented, showing the preparations which had gone 
on during the last year, the participation by the States and foreign Governments, and the 

* For list of officers for 1875-6, see Journal of sixth session, pp. 12-13. 
f For Standing Committees, see pp. 23-24. 

% The report of the Executive Committee and accompanying documents were separately published to 
accompany the Journal of the seventh session. 

# See report last referred to, pp. 10-24. 
U See report last referred to, pp. 25-27. 



APPENDIX A. 



13 



organization and work of the several Bureaus of Administration. It was accompanied by Abstract of 

reports from Committees of the Board of Finance, detailing the arrangements of the Ex- J "" 13 ■ 

v -. , . 7 .-'.-. 7th Session. 

hiliition grounds, buildings, water supply, system of admissions; the receipts from various 

sources and expenditures by the Board; and the measures which had been taken for the 

selection and organization of the Judges of Awards, and the definition of their duties.* 

Numerously signed petitions having been presented protesting against the sale of in- 
toxicating liquors within the Exhibition grounds, also petitions for and against the opening 
of the Exhibition on Sunday, committees were appointed to consider both subjects. 

The Committee upon the sale of intoxicating liquor rendered a majority and a minority 
report. The majority report stated that, irrespective of the personal views of its signers 
as to the sale of intoxicating liquors, they found the terms of the contracts already executed 
to be such that they were not prepared to advise any change in the course hitherto taken 
by the Executive Committee.f The minority report argued at length that, on both legal 
and moral grounds, the contracts should be canceled and the sale prohibited. The legal 
questions thus raised were referred to the Solicitor, whose opinion was to the effect that, 
the contractors having invested large amounts of money on the faith of their agreements, 
it was doubtful whether the Commission could lawfully revoke them, while such revocation 
would render it liable for damages. The question was ultimately disposed of by a vote 
that it be indefinitely postponed. £ 

The Committee upon the opening of the Exhibition on Sundays presented a majority 
and a minority report. The majority report represented that the practice of previous In- 
ternational Exhibitions in this respect had been determined by the customs of the country 
in which they were held, the London Exhibitions of 1851 and 1862 having been closed on 
Sundays, those of Paris, in 1857 and 1867, and of Vienna in 1873 kept open, though in 
the Paris and Vienna Exhibitions the English and American exhibitors excluded their 
departments from view; and it was recommended that the traditional practice of the 
country be adhered to by closing the Exhibition on Sunday. The minority report urged 
that many thousands of persons whose avocations would not permit them to visit the Ex- 
hibition on week-days would gladly do so on Sundays, bringing their families; that the 
receipts for the twenty-four Sundays during the period of the Exhibition ought not to be 
disregarded in the interest of the stockholders; and that, as the Commission represented 
the whole people and not peculiar classes or sects, it had no right to exclude them from 
deference to views not their own. The question was decided by a vote (twenty-seven to 
nine) that the Exhibition should be closed on Sundays. $ 

Committees were appointed to audit the traveling expenses of Commissioners; 

To examine the facilities for the accommodation of visitors to the Exhibition in respect 
to board, lodging, etc. 

Resolutions were passed in memory of Dr. Henry F. Askew, Commissioner from 
Delaware, deceased ; 

Appointing a committee to consider the presentation of a plan for the adoption of a 
general system of coinage and uniform monetary unit throughout the world ; 
Urging a reduction of railroad fares to and from the Exhibition. 

The names were announced of gentlemen appointed by the Governors of the States 
and Territories to deliver historical addresses. 

A letter was presented from the Secretary of the Department of the Interior, covering 
one from the Indian Commissioner, declining to participate in the Exhibition, as requested 
at the previous session of the Commission. 

* See report last referred to, pp. 28-71. 

f The contracts alluded to were made with restaurateurs and others, as concessions, and implied the 
sale of wine, beer, spirits, etc. 

% See Journal of seventh session, pp. 5, 17, 18, 20, 41, 51, 56. 
\ See Journal of seventh session, pp. 5, 23, 24, 27, 28, 34. 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Abstract of 
Journal. 
8th Session. 



EIGHTH SESSION.* 
May 17-November 14, 1876. 

During the first part of this session the Commission heard and adopted reports from 

The Executive Committee, reciting the culmination of the labors of the Commission 
and the Board of Finance in the successful opening of the Exhibition at the appointed 
time, to the general satisfaction of the public; that the regulations adopted for its govern- 
ment had been severely tested by dense crowds of visitors, and had proved adequate in the 
main, but would be modified where experience showed the necessity; also a subsequent 
report from the Executive Committee, stating that, upon the annual election, it had or- 
ganized by re-electing its old officers, and had devoted its considerations chiefly to matters 
connected with the distribution of Awards; that petitions, memorials, and resolutions had 
been received from all paits of the country urging and objecting to the closing of the 
Exhibition on Sunday; that memorial ceremonies had been arranged for the Fourth of 
July; and that the Exhibition was going on in a satisfactory manner; 

The Secretary, giving the alterations in the membership of the Commission, also its 
present membership and that of the Board of Finance and International Board of Judges; 

The Committee on Special Commissioners and State Boards, declaring there existed 
no legal provision for the appointment of such special commissioners, yet that the Centennial 
Commission would afford them all proper facilities; and that all the States and Territories 
had State Boards of Centennial Managers with an aggregate membership of 359; 

The Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, explaining that, while the railroads 
running into Philadelphia had so increased their capacity as to provide for the large pas- 
senger travel, yet the roads throughout the country had failed to make the reduction in the 
price of excursion tickets which the people had expected, and thus deterred them from 
visiting the Exhibition; and urging all interested in securing a large attendance to use 
their personal influence to bring about a further reduction of fares. 
Resolutions were passed 

Lamenting the death of Mr. Edmund R. Bagwell, Alternate Commissioner. for Vir- 
ginia ; 

Thanking Messrs. William M. Evarts, Bayard Taylor, Oliver Wendell Holmes, John 
G. Whittier, Sidney Lanier, and Richard Henry Lee, also the Emperor of Brazil, for the 
parts they had taken in the ceremonies at the opening of the Exhibition ; 

Thanking Mr. George H. Corliss, of Rhode Island, for his energy, ability, and public 
spirit, in providing the grand engine used to drive fourteen acres of machinery in Ma- 
chinery Hall ; 

Recommending to the Board of Finance the admission of children to the Exhibition 
at a reduced rate, also that each Saturday should be made a family day with an admission 
rate of twenty-five cents; 

Instructing the Standing Committee on Finance and Accounts to audit the accounts 
of the Board of Finance, as required by the Act of Congress; 

Declaring, in answer to the various petitions in regard to Sunday opening. "That the 
United States Centennial Commission have heard with great respect the statements that 
have been made to it on the part of those who desire the opening of the grounds and 



* This session consisted practically of two parts. The Commission assembled on May 17 and held 
four meetings, adjourning until July 1, when five more meetings were had, lasting until July 8. A recess was 
then taken until September 6, from which time the Commission remained in continuous session until Novem- 
ber 14, holding fifty-one meetings. The business transacted during the meetings preceding the recess had 
reference mainly to various preparations for the Exhibition, and is above detailed before describing that of 
the latter part of the session. This had chiefly to do with matters pertaining to the current administration of 
the Exhibition, and particularly with a vast amount of detail connected witli the work of the Judges and the 
distribution of Awards. The business done in regard to the Awards is sufficiently explained in the report 
of the appropriate Bureau, and i* not dwelt upon in this place. 



APPENDIX A. 



15 



buildings of the Exhibition under their charge on Sunday, and fully appreciate the sincerity Abstract of 

and earnestness with which they have been pressed upon the Commission ; nor have they ^°"" ia \ 

J r r 8th Session. 

been unmindful of the memorials to the same effect, that are now upon the table. Never- 
theless, the Commission are of opinion that their action heretofore in this connection, on 
the strength of which they do not doubt that many have been induced to contribute their 
means and the products of their skill and industry to make the Exhibition what it is, 
ought to be regarded as a pledge to the public, which, in good faith, they are bound to 
keep; and so believing, the Commission most respectfully decline to make any change in 
the rule that closes the grounds and buildings upon Sunday." 

Officers were elected and Standing Committees appointed to serve during the ensuing 
year.* 






During the second part of the eighth session (September 6-November 14) 
The Executive Committee submitted reports, forwarding for approval the recommen- 
dations of the Judges for Awards, and explaining that, as the exhibitors and especially the 
Foreign Commissioners were impatient for their announcement, it was desirable to act upon 
them as speedily as possible; also, submitting a design for a medal, which was adopted. 

Committees were appointed to consider various subjects connected with the allotment 
of Awards, and to arrange for the ceremony of their' announcement, at Judges' Hall, 
September 27 ; 

To arrange for the final reports of the Commission to Congress, as required by the 
Act of Congress, approved June 1, 1872 ;j* 

To provide for the closing ceremonies of the Exhibition, on November 10. 
Invitations were accepted to visit the Kansas State Building on the occasion of its 
rearrangement and reopening (October 14) ; 

To attend the reception of Governor Hartranft and the ceremonies of " Pennsylvania 
Day" (September 27); 

To attend a dress parade of the Cadets of the Virginia Military Academy (October 7). 
Resolutions were passed 

Authorizing the presentation of the Commission's medals to the victors in a tourna- 
ment to be held within the Exhibition grounds; 

Requesting the Commissioners of States whose Governors had made no appointment 
of orators upon the history and resources of the States, to themselves make such appoint- 
ments or prepare such addresses; also directing the publication of such addresses in a 
volume; 

Announcing, in response to requests that the Exhibition should be continued beyond 
November 10, that the originally announced date must be adhered to, that exhibitors might 
commence the removal of their goods on November II, but that persons might continue to 
enter the grounds on payment of the ordinary admission fee as long thereafter as should 
prove desirable. 

The Commission received from the Maryland Historical Society a copy of the "Journal 
of Charles Carroll of Carrollton during his visit to Canada, in 1776, as one of the Com- 
missioners from Congress, with a Memoir and Notes by Brantz Mayer." 

The Commission, at the request of Mrs. Lavinia Kinley, donor of a memorial cup in 
honor of the memory of the dead of both armies in the civil war, joined representative 
officers of either army in drinking from the cup, and of water from the well near Independ- 
ence Hall, " to the hope that a hundred years from now North and South will stand 
together as they did in 1776. "J 



* The list of officers and Committees is printed in full in the report of the Secretary, pp. 7-9. 
f See section 13 of the Act, Appendix C, page 109. 

% Full details of this incident, and the correspondence and addresses on the occasion, are printed in the 
Journal of the eighth session, pp. 170-172. 



1 6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



APPENDIX B. 

CIRCULARS, ANNOUNCEMENTS, REGULATIONS, ETC., OF 
THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. 



Note. — The official documents here printed include only those having permanent 
value as illustrating the organization of the Exhibition. Circulars referring to the individ- 
ual Bureaus of Administration are printed as appendices to the reports of the several 
Chiefs of Bureaus. 



TNo. 1.] 

UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, 

Forms. 

l872 . INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Rooms of the Executive Committee 
Philadelphia, April 2, 1872. 
Hon _ 



Commissioner of the State of. 



Dear Sir, — The Executive Committee of the Centennial Commission have just closed 
a session of a week's duration, and the abilities of its members were taxed to their utmost 
capacity to solve the grave and important problems met at the very threshold of the great 
enterprise committed to the care of the Commission. 

The Chairman of the Committee on Plans and Architecture submitted, on the first day 
of the session, a report of the progress made in that direction since the adjournment of the 
Commission, but the Executive Committee and other members of the Commission, within 
communicating distance, have decided unanimously that we are without power to take a 
single step involving the expenditure of money without further Congressional legislation. 
The organic Act of March 3, 1871, gives the Centennial Commission exclusive control over 
the Exhibition and Celebration, which it declares shall be held in the City of Philadelphia, 
in the year 1876, to commemorate the birth of the Nation. 

To do this work aright will involve great labor and vast expenditures of money, but the 
Act of Congress fails to establish or authorize any agency by which the work can be done 
or the means provided therefor. On the contrary, it is enacted that " the United States 
shall not be at any expense attending such Exhibition." However, had money been fur- 
nished by Congress, it is extremely doubtful whether we could have used it without further 
legislation. 

As the Centennial Commission has no corporate existence, it could not, without great 
difficulty, enforce its contracts, and is powerless to protect its members from individual 
liability for any debts made by any one acting under its sanction. Therefore, after thought- 
ful study of the situation and full and careful consultation, not only with each other but with 
members of the Commission within reach, and many citizens distinguished for intelligence, 
business capacity, and for the deep interest they manifest in the success of this great national 



APPENDIX B. 



17 



undertaking, the Committee have unanimously agreed upon a bill to be submitted to Con- Official 
gress for its immediate action, a copy of which is herewith inclosed for your examination. Forms > 

You will observe that the central idea of this bill is to create a corporation which will 
raise the needed money and, at the same time, thoroughly nationalize the enterprise. 

Its provisions are such that the United States Commissioners can control the corporation 
by holding the power to approve all rules and regulations it may adopt which will affect the 
rights, privileges, or interests of exhibitors or the public before they shall be operative, to 
approve or disapprove of plans of buildings and grounds, and to nominate a fixed number 
of Stockholders from whom the Board of Directors shall be chosen. 

The allotment of the stock to the several States and Territories in the ratio of their 
population contributes towards nationalizing the enterprise, and its success is in a great 
measure more fully assured by the cordial and vigorous co-operation promised to our plans 
by those locally interested. 

It is deemed unnecessary to more fully explain the reasons which have prompted our 
action, for we feel convinced they will be as apparent and as conclusive to you as they have 
been to us. 

Please name one or more persons whom you desire to have among the corporators in 
the Act. 

Persons of unquestioned integrity and distinguished rather for success in the manage- 
ment of large business transactions than for political prominence, are deemed most fitting 
for the place. 

No time is to be lost if the bill is to be enacted into law during the present session of 
Congress, which is deemed very important to the success of the enterprise. 

Trusting our action will meet your hearty approval, and that you will use your best 
endeavors with your Congressional Delegation to secure the passage of the bill, 

I remain, truly yours, 

D. J. MORRELL, Chairman. 



[No. 4.] 
CIRCULAR LETTER TO CORPORATORS. 

Philadelphia, August, 1872. 

Sir, — The following is a copy of a portion of the preamble of an Act of Congress 
relative to the Centennial International Exhibition, to be held in the City of Philadelphia 
in the year 1876, approved June I, 1872 : 

Whereas, Congress did provide by an Act entitled " An Act to provide for the celebra- 
ting the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an Interna- 
tional Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine in the City 
of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," 
approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, for the appointment of Com- 
missioners to promote and control the Exhibition of the national resources and their de- 
velopment, and the nation's progress in arts which benefit mankind, and to suggest and 
direct appropriate ceremonies by which the people of the United States may commemorate 
that memorable and decisive event, the Declaration of American Independence by the 
Congress of the United Colonies, assembled in the City of Philadelphia, on the fourth 
day of July, Anno Domini seventeen hundred and seventy-six ; and, whereas, such pro- 
visions should be made for procuring the funds requisite for the purposes aforesaid as will 
enable all the people of the United States, who have shared the common blessings result- 
ing from national independence, to aid in the preparation and conduct of said International 
Exhibition and memorial celebration under the direction of the Commissioners of the 
United States ; therefore, 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 



l8 7 2. 



j8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official in Congress assembled, That there is hereby created a body corporate, to be known by the 

name of the Centennial Board of Finance, and by that name to have an incorporate exist- 
ence until the object for which it is formed shall have been accomplished; and it shall be 
competent to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, defend and be defended, in all 
courts of law and equity in the United States, and may make and have a corporate seal, 
and may purchase, take, have, and hold, and may grant, sell, and at pleasure dispose of all 
such real and personal estate as may be required in carrying into effect the provisions of 
an Act of Congress entitled " An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anni- 
versary of American Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts and 
Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine in the City of Philadelphia and State of 
Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," approved March 3, eighteen 
hundred and seventy-one, and all Acts supplementary thereto ; and said Centennial Board 
of Finance shall consist of the following-named persons, their associates and successors, 
from the States and Territories as herein set forth. 

You are named in this Act as one of the corporators for your State. 

Please inform the Commission of your post-office address, in order that a copy of the 
Act may be forwarded to you, with other information concerning the progress of prepara- 
tions for celebrating the Centennial Anniversary. 

The Commission will be happy to hear from you, and to receive such suggestions re- 
lating to the Celebration as you may be disposed to offer. 

I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant, 

WILLIAM PHIPPS BLAKE, Executive Commissioner. 



[No. 5-j 

RULES PROVIDING FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTENNIAL 

BOARD OF FINANCE. 

[This form was superseded by Nos. 25 and 31. See the latter.] 



[No. 6.] 
CIRCULAR LETTER TO CENTENNIAL COMMISSIONERS. 

Office of the United States Centennial Commission, 
Philadelphia, September, 1872. 



United States Centennial Commissioner. 



Sir, — I am directed by the Executive Committee of the Commission to inform you that 
the twenty-first day of November next (Thursday) has been designated as the time for 
opening the Books of Subscription to the Stock of the Centennial Board of Finance. 
The rules governing the subscription, a copy of which is herewith inclosed,* have been 
adopted. By referring to Rule 4 you will see that it is made the duty, in each State and 
Territory, of the Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner, or either of them in the 
absence of the other, to call a meeting for the purpose of designating one or more national 
or other banks, or one or more bankers, as agents for securing subscriptions. This impor- 
tant duty, imposed upon you by the Commission, will no doubt receive your prompt at- 
tention. The Executive Committee suggest that the meeting should be held not later 

* The inclosure was No. 5, which was superseded by Nos. 25 and 31. See the latter. 



APPENDIX B. 19 

than November 10, next. The time is left to your discretion, but you will perceive it is Official 

Forir 
L872. 



necessary that the Commission should be informed of the name and address of the agents 



selected in season to permit of the Subscription Books being forwarded to them before the 
time arrives for opening the books. 

No definite and decisive instructions in regard to the compensation of agents can be 
given at this time. One or two bankers who have been consulted have expressed their 
willingness to act without the usual commission. Agents are not expected, in this case, to 
bear the expense of advertising or printing. In addition to the patriotic motives, they will 
have the advantages resulting from their designation as the accredited agents of the Com- 
mission, and of the deposit of the money received from subscribers until it is drawn by the 
Centennial Board of Finance. 

According to the provision contained in Rule 5, blank notices to the Corporators have 
been printed. A sufficient number, placed in unsealed envelopes and addressed, will be 
forwarded to each Commissioner, or in his absence, to the Alternate Commissioner. 

Please acknowledge the receipt of this communication. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

(Signed) WM. PHIPPS BLAKE, Executive Commissioner, 



[No. 7.] 
CIRCULAR LETTER TO CORPORATORS OF BOARD OF FINANCE. 

International Exhibition, Philadelphia. 



Corporator of the Centennial Board of Finance, 



Sir, — The United States Centennial Commission has named the 21st day of November, 
1872, as the time for opening the books of subscription to the Stock of the Centennial 
Board of Finance, and has instructed me to call a meeting of the Corporators for this State 
before that time, for the purpose of consulting together and of designating the proper place 
or places at which the subscriptions shall be received. This is in accordance with the 
Rules adopted by the Commission pursuant to Section 3 of the Act of Incorporation, a copy 
of which has already been forwarded to you from the office of the Commission. 

This meeting will be held at _ 



on the day of. next, and you are respect- 
fully requested to be present. The importance of the duty thus imposed upon the Corpor- 
ators and the Commissioners of this State will, I hope, secure your attendance. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 



United States Centennial Commissioner for the State of 

The following is a copy of Rule 4 : 

Rule 4. The agents of the Commission for securing subscriptions to the stock in each 
State or Territory shall be appointed in the following manner : 

The Centennial Commissioner and the Alternate Commissioner from each State or Ter- 
ritory, or either of them, in the absence of the other, together with such Corporators for 



20 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official such State and Territory as may attend a meeting to be called by the Commissioner or Al- 

Forms, ternate for the purpose, shall designate one or more national or other banks, or one or 

more bankers in good standing, to receive subscriptions and the amounts paid thereon, 
and to issue said Subscription Certificates. The money so received shall be held by such 
banks or bankers subject to the order of The Centennial Board of Finance, when organized, 
and until such organization, to the order of the Commissioner or Alternate Commissioner 
and at least two of the said Corporators for the State or Territory in which the fund is de- 
posited. 



[No. 8.] 

SUBSCRIPTION TO STOCK OF THE CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. 

Incorporated by an Act of Congress, approved June 1, 1872, and authorized to issue stock 
to an amount not exceeding ten millions of dollars, in shares of ten dollars each. 



To. 

Agent for receiving subscriptions to stock at. 



Sir, — I hereby subscribe for and agree to take 

shares of the capital stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, subject to the rules of sub- 
scription and payment adopted by the United States Centennial Commission, which are 
hereby agreed to and made a part of this contract. 
Respectfully yours, 



Extracts from the Rules above Referred to. 

Rule 8. Applications for stock may be made in person to the agent, or by mail. Upon 
the receipt of any such application by mail, accompanied by the required payment, the 
authorized agent shall transmit to the applicant a subscription certificate, as provided by 
Rule I, and shall fill up the marginal blank accordingly, and the application shall be cor- 
respondingly numbered and placed on file. For the purpose of facilitating subscriptions 
for the stock, blank forms of application [as above] will be printed for distribution. 

Rule I. * * * Payments on this stock are to be made as follows : Twenty per cent, 
on subscription ; twenty per cent, on or before the first Monday of May, 1873 ; twenty per 
cent, on or before the first Monday of July, 1873; twenty per cent, on or before the first 
Monday of September, 1873 '■> twenty per cent, on or before the first Monday of November, 
1873. Unless each installment be paid when due, it is hereby agreed that the said stock 
and all payments thereon shall, at the option of said Corporation, be forfeited without 
notice or proceedings, either at law or in equity, for that purpose. 



APPENDIX B. 21 



[No. 10.] Official 



ADDRESS TO AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL ASSOCIATIONS. 

Office of the United States Centennial Commission, 
Philadelphia, October, 1872. 



Forms, 
1872. 



The Anniversary of the Independence of the United States in the year 1876 is to be 
celebrated by an exhibition of the products, arts, and industries of the country, and of the 
world. This is in accordance with an Act of Congress approved March 3, 187 1. By this 
Act the task of preparing and superintending the Exhibition was imposed upon the United 
States Centennial Commission, consisting of two members from each of the States and Ter- 
ritories. The Commissioners have twice met in general session, a permanent organization 
has been effected, and the chief outlines of the plan for the Exhibition have been agreed 
upon. 

This Exhibition is to be international and universal, — international inasmuch as all na- 
tions will be invited to participate in it; and universal, because it will include a representa- 
tion of all natural and artificial products, all arts, industries, and manufactures, and all the 
varied results of human skill, thought, and imagination. 

The outlines of a simple yet comprehensive classification have been adopted. There 
will be ten departments, each subdivided into ten groups, and these again into classes.* The 
details of this classification are now being elaborated, and will be published in due season, 
together with such rules and regulations as may be found necessary for the proper conduct 
and management of the Exhibition. 

It is intended that ample space shall be assigned to each State, Territory, and foreign 
country, for a just and proper display of their products. It is believed that not less than 
fifty square acres of floor space, under roof, will be required for this purpose. A site com- 
bining the advantages of a sufficient extent of level ground, with picturesque and cultivated 
surroundings, easy of access by rail, water, and by ordinary roads, has been assigned for 
the buildings and grounds at Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia. The Exhibition 
will open in April, and close in October.f 

Each State of the Union will be expected to send its peculiar products, illustrating its 
resources, both developed and undeveloped. A complete exhibition of this kind by all the 
States will afford the means of comparing their industrial condition and capabilities. The 
products of mining and of agriculture will occupy a large portion of the space allotted to 
each State, and will receive their just share of attention in this universal display. 

An undertaking so patriotic in its conception, so vast in its proportions, and so useful 
in its results commends itself to the hearty sympathy and support of an intelligent people. 
Patriotism, as well as an appreciation of the industrial, educational, and moral influences 
of well-organized exhibitions, should impel all citizens to lend a helping hand. It is the 
duty of the Commission to prepare the way and open the doors, but the people, in their 
sovereign right and strength, must make the Exhibition. By their aid alone can it be made 
a just and comprehensive display of the industrial, intellectual, and moral development of 
the Nation during the first century of its existence. 

The Commission not only relies with confidence upon the aid of the people in general, 
but it hopes to receive the co-operation of the many State societies and organizations which 
for so many years have aided in directing and realizing the popular demand for agricul- 
tural and industrial exhibitions. The desire to secure, at an early date, your efficient co- 

* There were ultimately seven departments instead of ten. See Form No. 104, page 60. 
f The Exhibition opened on May 10, and closed November 10. 



Forms 
1872. 



22 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official operation, has led to this communication, which is made at the request of the Executive 

Committee of the Commission. 

Permit me, in closing, to suggest that the facts herein stated might, with great advantage 
to the Exhibition, be communicated as publicly as possible to your members and exhibitors, 
and that, if agreeable, they should be incorporated in your printed reports. A com- 
mittee of your members might be appointed to consider and suggest such measures as may 
appear most desirable to promote the success of the object for which the Centennial Com- 
mission is appointed. A general plan for the organization of Co-operative Centennial 
Associations in the several States and Territories is now under consideration, and when 
perfected will be published for distribution. 

Please acknowledge the reception of this communication. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
(Signed) WM. PHIPPS BLAKE, Executive Commissioner. 



[No. 11.] 
CIRCULAR LETTER TO EDITORS. 

November, 1872. 
To the Editor of 

Dear Sir, — By direction of the United States Centennial Commission, I have the 
honor to inclose you a copy of a short address to the people of the United States, prepared 
by a Committee for general publication. I would earnestly request that you make place 
for it in your columns. It is exceedingly important that the people of our State be made 
familiar with the objects of the Commission, and I know of no better way than through 
the public press. 

I also enclose you a more extended address, giving a history of the Commission, and 
would ask that at your convenience you make the enterprise the subject of favorable 
editorial comment. 

Very respectfully yours, 



U. S. Commissioner for ■ 



N.B. — Should you comply with the above request, please mail a copy of your paper 
containing the address to the Secretary, at Philadelphia, for filing. 



[No. 12/J 
ADDRESS BY THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. 

To the People of the United States : 

The Congress of the United States has enacted that the completion of the One Hun- 
dredth Year of American Independence shall be celebrated by an International Exhibition 
of the Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, to be held at Philadelphia, 
in 1876, and has appointed a Commission, consisting of representatives from each State 
and Territory, to conduct the celebration. 

Originating under the auspices of the National Legislature, controlled by a National 
Commission, and designed as it is to " Commemorate the first Century of our existence, by 
an Exhibition of the Natural resources of the Country and their development, and of our 
progress in those Arts which benefit mankind, in comparison with those of older Nations," 
it is to the people at large that the Commission look for the aid which is necessary to make 
the Centennial Celebration the grandest anniversary the world has ever seen. 

That the completion of the first century of our existence should be marked by some 
imposing demonstration is, we believe, the patriotic wish of the people of the whole coun- 
try. The Congress of the United States has wisely decided that the Birthday of the Great 



APPENDIX B. 23 

Republic can be most fittingly celebrated by the universal collection and display of all the Official 
trophies of its progress. It is designed to bring together, within a building covering fifty Forms » 
acres, not only the varied productions of our mines and of the soil, but types of all the 
intellectual triumphs of our citizens, specimens of everything that America can furnish, 
whether from the brains or the hands of her children, and thus make evident to the world 
the advancement of which a self-governed people is capable. 

In this "Celebration" all nations will be invited to participate; its character being 
International. Europe will display her arts and manufactures, India her curious fabrics, 
while newly-opened China and Japan will lay bare the treasures which for centuries their 
ingenious people have been perfecting. Each land will compete in generous rivalry for 
the palm of superior excellence. 

To this grand gathering every zone will contribute its fruits and cereals. No mineral 
shall be wanting; for what the East lacks the West will supply. Under one roof the 
South will display in rich luxuriance her growing cotton, and the North in miniature, the 
ceaseless machinery of her mills converting that cotton into cloth. Each section of the 
globe will send its best offerings to this Exhibition, and each State of the Union, as a 
member of one united body politic, will show to her sister States and to the world how 
much she can add to the greatness of the nation of which she is a harmonious part. 

To make the Centennial Celebration such a success as the patriotism and the pride of 
every American demands will require the co-operation of the people of the whole country. 
The United States Centennial Commission has received no Government aid, such as Eng- 
land extended to her World's Fair and France to her Universal Exposition, yet the labor 
and responsibility imposed upon the Commission is as great as in either of those undertak- 
ings. It is estimated that ten millions of dollars will be required, and this sum Congress 
has provided shall be raised by stock subscription, and that the people shall have the 
opportunity of subscribing in proportion to the population of their respective States and 
Territories. 

The Commission looks to the unfailing patriotism of the people of every section, to see 
that each contributes its share to the expenses, and receives its share of the benefits of an 
enterprise in which all are so deeply interested. It would further earnestly urge the forma- 
tion in each State and Territory of a Centennial organization, Avhich shall in time see that 
county associations are formed, so that when the nations are gathered together in 1876, 
each Commonwealth can view with pride the contributions she has made to the national 
glory. 

Confidently relying on the zeal and patriotism ever displayed by our people in every 
national undertaking, we pledge and prophesy that the Centennial Celebration will worthily 
show how greatness, wealth, and intelligence can be fostered by such institutions as those 
which have for one hundred years blessed the people of the United States. 

JOSEPH R. HAWLEY President. 
Lewis Waln Smith, Temporary Secretary. 



[No. 16.] 
CIRCULAR LETTER TO CENTENNIAL COMMISSIONERS. 

Philadelphia, Pa., October 30, 1872. 

SiR, — I have this day forwarded to you by mail a package containing a circular letter 
directed to the Editor of each newspaper in your State, and accompanied by two addresses 
to the people of the United States, prepared by the Committee on Address and published 
by the Executive Committee. It is believed that a more general insertion in the news- 
papers can be secured if the request should come from each Commissioner to the Press of 
his own State. 

Will you, therefore, be good enough to sign the circulars and attend to their mailing? 



24 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official In order to insure universal publication, it is absolutely necessary that the address be 

forms, furnished to all the papers on the same day, so that they may appear simultaneously in all 

parts of the country. You will, therefore, hold the circulars and addresses until Tuesday, 
the 1 2th day of November, and mail all of them to the various Editors on that day. 
Please acknowledge the receipt of the addresses. 

With great respect, your obedient servant, 

(Signed) LEWIS WALN SMITH, Temporary Secretary. 



To the Hon 

Commissioner from. 



[No. 19.] 
CIRCULAR LETTER TO GOVERNORS. 

Office of the United States Centennial Commission. 



Sir, — Your Excellency is well aware that Congress has provided by law for holding an 
International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the 
City of Philadelphia and the State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and 
seventy-six. 

The United States Centennial Commission, appointed in accordance with said law, at 
its session held in Philadelphia, on the twenty-eighth day of May, 1872, passed the follow- 
ing resolution : 

Resolved, That a Special Committee of five be appointed, with instructions to call the 
attention of the Legislatures of the several States and Territories to the work of the Com- 
mission, and to invite their co-operation therein. 

In compliance with the above resolution the undersigned Committee request that you 
will lay this subject before your Legislature, and ask it to adopt, from time to time, such 
legislation as shall seem best fitted to carry out the objects of the Commission, and to 
appoint a capable body with such powers, and possessing such influence within your State 
or Territory as will tend to develop local interest and induce co-operation in the work of 
the Commission. Hoping that these suggestions will be received with favor, we would 
respectfully ask that all action in the premises shall be promptly communicated to the 
Secretary of the Commission. 

SAMUEL POWEL, Chairman, Rhode Island. 

JAS. L. COOPER, Alabama. 

JOHN WASSON, Arizona. 

OSCAR G. SAWYER, Utah. 

GEORGE A. CRAWFORD, Kansas. 



The foregoing Report of the Special Committee was adopted by the Commission at its 
last meeting, and it was made the duty of the Executive Committee to transmit it to your 
Excellency. In discharging this duty, permit us to add that the subject of State and 
Territorial organization is regarded as of extreme importance to the efficiency and suc- 
cess of the Centennial Celebration and Exhibition. It has already received considerable 
thought and attention by the Commission, and in some of the States it has been proposed 
to form Auxiliary Centennial Associations in the Congressional districts. It is probable 



APPENDIX B. 25 

that at the next meeting of the Commission, in December, a comprehensive and uniform Official 

plan for State and Territorial organization will be adopted and submitted for your favorable Forms > 
r 1872. 

consideration. 

We transmit for your acceptance and information a copy of the Acts of Congress, a list 
of the Officers and Members of the Commission, its Journal, and other publications. The 
circular letter (Form No. 10) has been distributed to the many Agricultural and Mechanical 
Associations throughout the United States, in order to direct their attention to the work of 
the Commission, and to secure their co-operation. 

It is not necessary to explain to your Excellency the significance and importance of the 
proposed celebration. Your prompt and earnest aid in carrying out the provisions of the 
Acts of Congress relating thereto is confidently invoked. A reference to the subject in 
your annual message to the Legislature would greatly assist this national effort to fittingly 
celebrate the Centennial Anniversary of the Independence of the United States. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

DANIEL J. MORRELL, 
Philadelphia, November, 1872. Chairman of the Executive Committee. 



[No. 20.] 
CIRCULAR LETTER TO AGENTS. 

Philadelphia, November, 1872. 
To 



SiK, — At the meeting of the corporators for the State of Pennsylvania of the Centennial 
Board of Finance, all the national incorporated and savings banks of the State, together 
with such private banks as may be designated by the corporators, were appointed and 
requested to act as agents of the United States Centennial Commission for securing and 
receiving subscriptions to the stock of the Centennial Board of Finance. 

Presuming that, in behalf of the Bank you represent, you will accept this patriotic duty, 
the necessary blank subscription certificates, together with printed rules, instructions, a 
copy of the Acts of Congress and of the proceedings of the meeting of the corporators, are 
herewith forwarded to you. 

Please take notice that the books of subscription are to be opened on the 21st day of 
November next, and that they are to remain open for the reception of subscriptions during 
a period of one hundred days. 

A blank form of acknowledgment or receipt is inclosed ; please sign and return it to 
this office. 

By order of the Executive Committee of the Commission. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

WILLIAM P. BLAKE, Executive Commissioner. 
Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission. 



Daniel J. Morrell, Pennsylvania. 
John V. L. Pruyn, New York. 
George H. Corliss, Rhode Island. 



W. Prescott Smith (dec'd), Maryland. 
John Lynch, Louisiana. 
John G. Stevens, New Jersey. 



Walter W. Wood, Virginia. 



2 6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

° fficial APPOINTMENT OF AGENTS. [N °' "' ] 

Forms, 

Office of the United States Centennial Commission, 
Philadelphia, November, 1872. 



To 



Sir, — At the meeting of the corporators for your State of the Centennial Board of 
Finance, the bank you represent was designated as one of the agents of the United States 
Centennial Commission for securing subscriptions to the stock of the Centennial Board of 
Finance. 

Presuming that you will accept this patriotic duty, the necessary blank subscription 
certificates, together with printed rules and instructions and a copy of the Acts of Congress, 
are herewith forwarded to you. 

Please take notice that the books of subscription are to be opened on the twenty-first 
day of November next, and that they are to remain open for the reception of subscriptions 
during a period of one hundred days. 

A blank form of acknowledgment or receipt is inclosed ; please sign and return it to 
this office. 

By order of the Executive Committee of the Commission. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

WM. P. BLAKE, Exeattive Commissioner. 



[No. 24.] 
AN ADDRESS 

TO THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA FROM THE CORPORATORS, FOR 
PENNSYLVANIA, OF THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. 

As citizens of the State in which the nation has ordained that the Centennial Exhibition 
commemorative of our independence is to be held, the opportunity is now presented to you 
to take your share in the responsibility resting upon the people of the United States to see 
that the Exhibition shall be commensurate with the events it is to celebrate and the progress 
it is to exemplify. 

Since the "World's Fair," held at London in 1851, international exhibitions have been 
recognized as uniting the most potential and far-reaching agencies for promoting the prog- 
ress and the material interests of mankind ever devised, and they are always especially 
beneficial to the country in which they are held. The late Wm. H. Seward, when Secre- 
tary of State, said of them, in communicating to Congress the United States Reports on the 
Paris Exposition of 1867 : 

" Their beneficent influences are many and widespread ; they advance human knowl- 
edge in all directions. Through the universal language of the products of labor the artisans 
of all countries hold communication ; ancient prejudices are broken down ; nations are 
fraternized ; generous i-ivalries in the peaceful fields of industry are excited ; the tendencies 
to war are lessened, and a better understanding between capital and labor is fostered. . . . 
One of their most salutary results is the promotion of an appreciation of the true dignity of 
labor and its paramount claims to consideration as the basis of national wealth and power. 
Such exhibitions have become national necessities and duties." 

Great Britain, France, and other leading powers have instructed and entertained the 
world with such exhibitions; Austria is rapidly completing one which will open in 1873, 



APPENDIX B. 



V 



and it is eminently appropriate that America should assert her place in this respect, as she Official 
has in others, among the powers most actively contributing to the advancement of mankind. Forms » 

At a meeting of this body held in the City of Philadelphia on the 7th instant, the fol- 
lowing resolution was adopted : 

" Resolved, That all national banks, and other incorporated banking or savings institu- 
tions in the State, are hereby requested and authorized to act as agents to receive subscrip- 
tions to the stock, and that in counties where no incorporated banks or savings institutions 
exist the corporators representing such counties shall designate private banks or bankers to 
act as agents for such purpose, and each corporator may designate to the Executive Com- 
missioner such private banks in his district as he may deem advisable. All agents appointed 
shall receive subscriptions in accordance with the rules adopted by the United States Cen- 
tennial Commission." 

It is confidently hoped and believed that all agents so appointed will cheerfully accept 
the patriotic duty for which they have been selected, and in this way aid the important 
work. In compliance with the resolution, those agents will be promptly supplied with 
subscription-books in which the people may subscribe for stock. 

We are now called upon to take our quota of the stock, which has been apportioned 
according to the Act of Congress of June I, 1872, on the basis of population, and amounts 
to 91,341 shares, at ten dollars per share, calling for $913,410, the population of the State 
being 3,521,951. 

It is provided by the Act of Congress that, at the close of the Exhibition, all the property 
is to be converted into cash, and after payment of liabilities, the net assets are to be divided 
among the stockholders. No flattering promises, however, are made of great prospective 
profits from the investment in this stock. The promptings of patriotism, and a no less ele- 
vated motive, should actuate us. 

Money is the first and immediate requisite for the successful prosecution of the vast 
labors of the Centennial Commission ; and it must be secured within the proper time, for 
the Exhibition is to be international, and it is to represent the universal range of human 
industry and art, and all natural products, as well as all the varied results of human skill, 
thought, and imagination. 

Let us, therefore, arise to the work as one body, with such an organized movement as 
will inspire a generous emulation and secure the entire subscription for our quota of stock 
in the shortest possible time. 

The eyes of the world are upon this, the chosen State, which, above all, should be true 
to its heritage of that holy temple of freedom, Independence Hall, the sacred spot from 
which emanated that sublime Declaration, the corner-stone of our nationality and progress, 
the palladium of our liberties and our rights. 

DANIEL M. FOX, Chairman. 



Edwin H. Fitler, 
William M. Lyon, 



1. — R. Rundle Smith, 

Robert Nebinger. 
2. — Joseph F. Tobias, 

Charles J. Stille. 
3. — J. L. Shoemaker, 

Henry D. Welsh. 
4. — Matthew Baird, 

William Sellers. 



AT LARGE. 
William Colder, 
Jon'n R. Lowrie, 

DISTRICTS. 
5. — L. P. Thompson, 

H. T. Darlington. 
6. — John Tracy, 

George H. Rupp. 
7.— S. B. Worth, 

James M. Wilcox. 
8. — Isaac Eckert, 

Henry Bushong. 



Dr. J. Y. Jones, 
John H. Michener. 



9. — James Meyers, 

George M. Steinman. 
10. — Benj. Bannan, 

G. Dawson Coleman. 
11. — S. S. Dreher, 

E. J. Fox. 
12. — D. W. Hollenback, 

J. C. McCOLLOM. 



28 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Official 
Forms, 
1872. 



13 



M. C. Mercur, 

Thomas Beaver. 
14. — Wm. Cameron, 

Henry McCormick. 
15.— C. J. T. McIntire, 

John Gibson. 
16. — Henry J. Stahle, 

Samuel Philson. 



17. — D. McMurtrie, 

David Watson. 
18.— M. F. Elliott, 

H. C. Parsons. 
19. — Wm. L. Scott, 

John Patton. 
20. — James Pierce, 

Joseph H. Marston. 



23- 



24. 



-H. P. Laird, 
Silas M. Clark. 
-Alex. Bradley, 
C. W. Batchelor. 
-James M. Cooper, 
J. N. Purviance. 
-George C. Reis, 
W. T. H. Pauley. 



FOR TWO ADDITIONAL DISTRICTS. 

John W. Forney, | Charles M. Hall, 

Alfred Hindekooper, and the Chairman. 

Attest, BENJ. H. HAINES, 

MYER ASCH, 

Secret a) 



[No. 25.] 
RULES PROVIDING FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTENNIAL 
BOARD OF FINANCE. 

[This form was superseded by No. 31, which see.] 



[No. 29.] 



ADDRESS BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 



To the People of the United States: 

Congress, recognizing and responding to the patriotic wishes of the people, provided 
by Acts approved March 3, 18.71, and June I, 1872, respectively, that in the year 1876 the 
Centennial Anniversary of the Independence of the United States of America shall be 
celebrated at the City of Philadelphia by an International and Universal Exhibition of the 
grandest and most comprehensive character. 

The first of those Acts provided for the appointment of the United States Centennial 
Commission, consisting of two members from each State and Territory, to organize and 
conduct the Exhibition. That Commission has been duly constituted, and has actively 
entered upon its duties. 

By the second Act, in order to secure the money necessary for the expenses of this 
Exhibition and Celebration, Congress incorporated the Centennial Board of Finance as aux- 
iliary to the Centennial Commission, and provided f< r the issue of stock to the amount of 
ten millions of dollars, in one million shares of ten dollars each, — an amount which, if 
assessed equally among the people, would not require more than twenty-five cents from 
each person. 

In creating the Centennial Board of Finance, Congress had also in view the general 
distribution of the stock among the people of the States and Territories in the ratio of 
their population. The people, in accordance with the provisions of the Act, now have 
the opportunity to become owners of the stock, and to share in the management in propor- 
tion to the amount they subscribe. 

Books will remain open in the hands of the agents until the 1st day of March next, 
when the stockholders who have then subscribed will be notified of the time for the elec- 
tion of the Board of Directors, which will be after thirty days' notice. At the time of sub- 
scribing to the stock, an installment of two dollars per share must be paid to the agent; 
after the organization of the Board of Finance, the balance due will be payable when 
called for by them, in installments of two dollars per share, which will not be earlier than 



APPENDIX B. 



29 



May, July, September, and November of 1873; or the whole amount may be paid at the Official 
time of subscribing. After the organization, the agents of the Board of Finance will Forms > 
receive subscriptions without regard to the quota allotted to each State. 

An undertaking so patriotic in its conception, so vast in its proportions, and so useful 
in its results commends itself to the hearty sympathy and support of an intelligent people. 
Patriotism, as well as an appreciation of the beneficial influences of well-organized ex- 
hibitions, should impel all citizens to lend a helping hand. It is the duty of the Com- 
mission to prepare the way and open the doors, but the people, in their sovereign right and 
strength, must make the Exhibition. By their aid alone can it be made a just and compre- 
hensive display of the industrial, intellectual, and moral development of the nation during 
the first century of its existence. 

Each subscriber will receive, after the organization of the Board, a large engraved cer- 
tificate of stock executed in the Treasury Department of the United States, in the best 
style of the engraver's art, bearing designs illustrating our national progress, and com- 
memorative of the Centennial Exhibition. 

It is hoped that there will be no pecuniary loss to any subscriber; but should there be, 
the certificate will in value go far towards compensating for any such loss, not only as a 
beautiful work of art, but as an heir-loom to be handed down from generation to genera- 
tion, doing perpetual honor to the patriotism of the subscriber. The names of the sub- 
scribers will also appear in the printed records of this great national celebration. 

By an early subscription you will be identified with the grand industrial monument 
which the willing and patriotic hands of American citizens will rear to testify their venera- 
tion for their self-sacrificing ancestors, and to mark the progress made in a century under 
the operations of a free government. 

DANIEL J. MORRELL, Pennsylvania, Chairman. 

JOHN V. L. PRUYN, New York. JAMES T. EARLE, Maryland. 

GEORGE H. CORLISS, Rhode Island. JOHN LYNCH, Louisiana. 

JOHN G. STEVENS, New Jersey. WALTER W. WOOD, Virginia. 

GEORGE B. LORING, Massachusetts. ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Ohio. 

Executive Committee. 



[No. 30.] 
INSTRUCTIONS TO AGENTS. 

Office of the United States Centennial Commission, 
Philadelphia, January, 1873. 
Sir, — I inclose you herewith a copy of the amended rules [No. 31, superseding No. 
5, which is therefore not printed in this Appendix], adopted by the Executive Committee 
of the United States Centennial Commission, in reference to the subscriptions to the stock 
of the Centennial Board of Finance, together with a number of copies of a prospectus 
to be circulated freely among the people. In accordance with the rules, you will please 
forward, on the first day of March next, to this office, a transcript of the subscriptions 
received by you, but will hold the originals, subject to the orders of the Board of Finance, 
when organized. It has also been decided to require only the payment of the first install- 
ment of two dollars per share at the time of subscription, and leave all other installments 
to be payable at the call of the Board of Finance, but not sooner than May, July, Sep- 
tember, and November of 1873. To insure the success of so great and patriotic an enter- 
prise as the Centennial Celebration of the birth of our nation, it is not too much to ask the 
earnest co-operation of every citizen of our land. By a little energy each section can be 
made to furnish its share of the necessary funds, and I would earnestly ask of you as 
active an aid as you can lend to promote the end in view. 
Very respectfully, 

DANIEL J. MORRELL, Chairman of Executive Committee. 



30 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

[No. 31.] 
0ffic,al [Superseding Nos. 5 and 25.] 

Forms, 

l8 73- Office of the United States Centennial Commission. 

RULES PROVIDING FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTENNIAL 

BOARD OF FINANCE. 

Preamble, Whereas, by the Third Section of an Act of Congress entitled " An Act 
relative to the Centennial International Exhibition to be held in the City of Philadelphia, 
State of Pennsylvania, in the year 1876," approved June 1, 1872, it is provided, That 
books of subscription shall be opened by the United States Centennial Commission under 
such rules as it may prescribe, and an opportunity shall be given during a period of one 
hundred days, to the citizens of each State and Territory, to subscribe for stock of the 
Centennial Board of Finance, incorporated by said Act, and authorized to issue stock to 
an amount not exceeding Ten Millions of Dollars, in shares of Ten Dollars each, and to 
be offered to the several States and Territories in the ratio of their population ; 

Now, therefore, The United States Centennial Commission, in pursuance of the au- 
thority contained in said Act, do adopt and establish the following Rules, for the opening 
of books of subscription to the stock of the said Centennial Board of Finance, to enable 
absent stockholders to vote by proxy, and to provide for the organization of said corpora- 
tion. 

Rule i. Books of Subscription for Stock of the Centennial Board of Finance will be 
provided by the Commission, containing blank subscription certificates, forms of subscrip- 
tion, and marginal record, as follows : 



APPENDIX B. 



3* 




32 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official Rule 2. Subscription certificates prepared under the foregoing rule shall be sent to 

Forms, ^e agent in each State and Territory in the ratio of population, as hereinafter provided. 

Rule 3. Each subscription certificate, and the marginal blank to which it is attached, 
shall be numbered in consecutive order. The numbering for each State and Territory 
shall be contained within certain limits, the lowest and the highest number being fixed for 
each, as, for example, Wyoming, 1 to 236; Arizona, 237 to 500, and so on, as may be 
proper when the books are issued ; the object being to prevent any repetition of numbers, 
and, at the same time, to permit the independent issue of numbered scrip at different places. 

Rule 4. The agents of the Commission for securing subscriptions to the stock in each 
State or Territory shall be appointed in the following manner : 

The Centennial Commissioner and the Alternate Commissioner from each State or 
Territory, or either of them, in the absence of the other, together with such corporators 
for such State and Territory as may attend a meeting to be called by the Commissioner, or 
Alternate, for the purpose, shall designate one or more National or other banks, or one or 
more bankers, in good standing, to receive subscriptions and the amounts paid thereon, 
and to issue said subscription certificates. The money so received shall be held by such 
banks or bankers, subject to the order of the Centennial Board of Finance, when organ- 
ized ; and until such organization, to the order of the Commissioner or Alternate Commis- 
sioner, and at least two of the said Corporators for the State or Territory in which the fund 
is deposited. 

Rule 5. The Executive Committee of the Commission will inform the Commissioner 
and the Alternate Commissioner of each State and Territory of the day on or before which 
the books are to be opened. The call for a meeting of the corporators * shall be issued in 
season to secure a meeting and the designation of a bank or bankers at which the subscrip- 
tions shall be received before the time arrives for opening the books. The Commission 
will furnish blanks to be used in calling meetings, as aforesaid, in each State and Territory. 

Rule 6. Subscriptions will be received from the twenty-first day of November, 1 872, 
until the twenty-eighth day of February, 1873, inclusive, being a period of one hundred 
days, and they may be made at any of the agencies designated to the Commission in 
accordance with Rule 4, and also at any of the banking-houses or agencies of Messrs. Jay 
Cooke & Co., and of Messrs. Drexel & Co., who are hereby designated and requested to 
act as the general agents of the Commission for securing subscriptions to the stock ot the 
Centennial Board of Finance. 

Rule 7. The general agents of the Commission will be supplied at their central offices 
with subscription-books for each of the States and Territories, and upon the reception of 
an application accompanied by the required payment, or the evidence of its having been 
made at any of their agencies, they shall issue and transmit a subscription certificate in due 
form to the subscriber. Subscription certificates so issued shall bear the name and num- 
bering of the State or Territory from which the application is made. 

Rule 8. Payments upon the stock may be made in full at the t'me of subscription, or 
as follows : Twenty per cent, on subscription, the balance on the call of the Board of 
Finance in installments of twenty per cent, each, at dates not earlier than the first Monday 
of May, July, September, and November, 1873. [This rule modifies Rule I.] 

Rule 9. After the first day of March, 1873, the agents shall forward to the office of 
the Commission in Philadelphia a transcript of all subscriptions received by them, blanks 
for which transcript will be furnished by the Commission, and retain in their possession the 
original subscription-books subject to the order of the Board of Finance, when organized. 

Rule 10. Certificates of subscription shall not be issued until at least two dollars per 
share have been paid thereon ; and when issued shall be properly filled out, dated, and 
signed by the agent for the State or Territory appointed, in accordance with Rule 4. The 
marginal blank shall bear a number corresponding to that upon the subscription certificate, 
and having been duly filled out shall be signed by the person to whom the certificate is 
delivered. 



Forms, 
1873- 



APPENDIX B. 33 

Rule ii. Applications for stock may be made in person to the agent, or by mail, or Official 
otherwise. Upon the receipt of any such application by mail, accompanied by the required 
payment, the authorized agent shall transmit to the applicant a subscription certificate, as 
provided by Rule 1, and shall fill up and may sign for the subscriber the marginal blank 
accordingly, and the application shall be correspondingly numbered and placed on file. 

For the purpose of facilitating subscriptions for the stock, blank forms of application 
will be printed for distribution. 

Rule 12. The following form of proxy may be used, and shall be distributed by the 
agents for the convenience of subscribers : 



Form of Proxy for voting for the First Board of Directors of the Centennial Board of 

Finance. 

[Incorporated by Act of Congress, approved June i, 1872.] 

_ 187 

* do hereby authorize and empower ~ - for me and 

in my name to vote upon share of stock in said Corpo- 
ration held by me, and represented by subscription certificate No at the 

meeting of the Corporators and Subscribers for said stock, called by the United States Cen- 
tennial Commission, and to be held at Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, for the purpose 
of electing the First Board of Directors of said Corporation. 

[Name of Subscriber.} \_Address.~\ 



Rule 13. A copy of these rules will be furnished to each of the agents appointed in 
accordance with Rule 4. 

[No. 32.] 

Office of the United States Centennial Commission, 
Philadelphia, February, 1873. 

TO THE CLERGY AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS OF THE UNITED 

STATES : 

The Clergy of all denominations in the United States are well aware that the Centen- 
nial Anniversary of our Independence as a nation is to be celebrated at the City of Philadel- 
phia, in 1876, in accordance with the terms of the Act of Congress, by an Exhibition of 
the Art and Industry of all the Nations of the Earth. That Exhibition will not be merely 
a gigantic "World's Fair," devoted exclusively to the material world, but it is designed to 
be a complete epitome of human progress, appealing to the profoundest sentiments of the 
devout and philanthropic, calling for their prayers, their labors, their hearty, prompt, and 
active co-operation, and that of every citizen interested in the welfare of mankind. 

Occupying a prominent place in the grandest classification of objects and subjects ever 
adopted for any exhibition is Group 95, comprehending the general subject of "Religious 
Organizations and Systems," and subdivided into classes as follows :* 

Class 941. — Origin, nature, growth, and extent of various religious systems and sects. 
Statistical and historical facts. 

Class 942. — Religious orders and societies, and their objects. 

Class 943. — Societies and organizations for the propagation of systems of religion by 
missionary effort. 

Class 944. — Spreading the knowledge of religious systems by publications, — a class 
designed to include such publications as those of the Bible and Tract Societies,— -together 
with statistics of their origin, growth, and progress. 

Class 945. — Systems and methods of religious instruction and training for the young. 

* This grouping was subsequently modified. 

3 



34 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official Apparatus and appliances for teaching in the family. Sunday-School furniture and appa- 

Forms, ratuSj etc> 

This group in the classification is subject to revision and enlargement, should necessity 
or expediency require it. The solemn duty devolves upon all who are actively engaged or 
interested in the cause of religion of co-operating and laboring with zeal towards making 
the representation, under each of the classes, such as shall do justice to the great organiza- 
tions and systems which extend throughout our land and constitute our claim to a fellow- 
ship among the Christian nations. This group affords the broadest basis for religious 
representation. It is not limited in its scope or range. It is designed to receive any visible 
or tangible representation of the condition and progress of any faith, creed, denomination, 
or sect. 

Let us consider, with all reverence and awe, of what this Exhibition is commemorative. 
It marks our estimate of a political event of more momentous import in universal history 
than any which had occurred before, or any which has succeeded it, in its bearing upon the 
destinies of the human race ; especially in establishing upon indestructible foundations that 
freedom of conscience in matters of religious faith which is so fully enjoyed throughout our 
wide domain. It is commemorative of the birth of a nation whose progress is absolutely 
without any parallel in the world's experience. 

The commemoration of the birthday of our nation, after a century of such prosperity, 
expansion, and progress, and after such a development of the material resources of this 
mighty continent ! What should it be to make it worthy of the people so blessed ? 

If we are the Christian Nation we are imputed to be, you cannot, if you would, divest 
it of its character as an oblation to the Most High, and as a crucial test before Him and 
mankind of our estimate of the blessings we enjoy, of the sincerity of our patriotism, of 
our appreciation of civil and religious liberty, and of our sense of duty as a member of the 
great community of Nations. It must be either all this or nothing, — in its moral import. 
It must, by its magnitude, its thoroughness of representation, and its moral and intellectua 
grandeur, manifest, in the presence of the thronging millions of our countrymen, and before 
the assembled delegations of all countries, so far as possible, our gratitude to God, the 
source of our prosperity and happiness as a people. 

Presenting a review of the past in every sphere of useful industry, art, or mental activity, 
as an inspiring and suggestive guide for the future, it should form a starting-point from 
which we may enter, by a new and elevated vantage-ground, upon the course of improve- 
ment which is open to us in the coming century. It is a great national festival in which 
the prominence and influence of the religious element, in our life as a people, should not 
be ignored. They will depend for their illustration upon the part taken by the Clergy and 
Religious associations of all denominations in the movement. The Clei-gy should awaken 
their congregations by carefully considered and earnest representations of the manifold 
advantages of the complete success of the celebration to religion, and in every other respect. 
The profound and far-reaching religious influences which, through this mighty agency, may 
be made to mould and guide the religious character and sentiment of the age, upon higher 
and higher standards of conduct of life and earnestness of faith, should be clearly set forth. 

The whole moral and religious tone and effect of this stupendous presentation of the 
varied agencies and instrumentalities represented by the comprehensive word " progress" 
may be controlled by the great and influential body to whom the people look for religious 
instruction in such a manner as to confer inestimable blessings upon the generations who 
are so soon to fill our places in the ranks of life. Neglect of this golden opportunity may, 
on the other hand, prove an irreparable misfortune to the cause of religious advancement, 
by the surrender of the great temple of art and industry to the spirit of materialism, 
deprived, in a great measure, of the hallowing influence which should consecrate material 
blessings as gifts for the use and benefit of man, designed, in promoting his comfort and 
happiness, to inspire in his heart a grateful recognition of the power and love of the Divine 
source from which they emanate. 



APPENDIX B. 35 



So grand a subject, one so closely connected with the spiritual welfare of the race, may Official 
well become the theme of Heaven-inspired eloquence from every pulpit in the land, — not F ° rms - 
in mere passing reference, but in exhaustive presentation of the endless catalogue of reasons 
in favor of carrying out the duly enrolled fiat of the national will, as expressed through the 
Acts of Congress. 

The nation stands committed to the project before the world. Retraction now would be 
a ludicrous and disgraceful failure of the Great Republic, which assumes to lead the van- 
guard of progress, to do what England, France, Germany, and other powers have done, 
and what Austria is just about to do for the instruction and entertainment of mankind, and 
that, too, after having declared our purpose to do it, and to do it on a grander scale than 
any of our predecessors. We believe that no thought of failure is tolerated in any patriotic 
mind, or in any heart that has a spark of national pride. Yet many are displaying an 
apathy and procrastination, which, if not corrected, would prove fatal to that supreme suc- 
cess which alone will comport with the prestige and dignity of the nation. It is simply 
because they have no correct idea of the importance of time as the first essential of success. 

The success or failure of this undertaking is before the people, dependent entirely upon 
the deliberate decision which their action, in regard to subscriptions, will constitute. 

The National Commission selected by the Governors, and appointed and confirmed by 
the General Government, are powerless to proceed further than they have done until the voice 
of the people proclaims to them, through the subscription-books, that the necessary capital 
is sufficiently assured to warrant them in erecting the buildings and perfecting the arrange- 
ments for inviting foreign exhibitors. 

Here it is that the importance of time for preparation after the decision of the people is 
known becomes apparent. It is no less essential than money. 

Foreign nations must have time to consider and act upon the invitation, and, in many 
cases, to await the action of their legislative assemblies before deciding, organizing their 
commissions, and making the necessary appropriations ; and if they do not have ample 
time, they cannot be expected to accept. 

They cannot be invited or notified by the President of the United States until, accord- 
ing to the terms of the Act of Congress, the Governor of the State of Pennsylvania shall 
have informed him that provision has been made for the erection of suitable buildings for 
the purposes of the Exhibition. 

Foreign countries and our own country have to be canvassed, and the people informed 
of the nature of the Exhibition. Careful selections must be made from articles representing 
every industry and resource. Ample time will be required for the production of works of 
art and large machinery, and many other articles which impart splendor and instructive - 
ness to such exhibitions. 

Besides the consumption of time in the transportation of articles from abroad, much will 
be consumed in the erection of the vast buildings, and the arrangement of the goods in 
them. 

The inclosed printed papers contain information as to the organization of the Centennial 
Board of Finance, and the general purposes of the Exhibition. 

Your attention to the subject, in all its bearings upon the temporal and spiritual welfare 
of the people, is most respectfully invited. 

By order of the Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission. 

WILLIAM P. BLAKE, Executive Commissioner. 

DANIEL J. MORRELL, Pennsylvania, Chairman. 
JOHN V. L. PRUYN, New York. JAMES T. EARLE, Maryland. 

GEORGE H. CORLISS, Rhode Island. JOHN LYNCH, Louisiana. 
JOHN G. STEVENS, New Jersey. WALTER W. WOOD, Virginia. 

GEORGE B. LORING, Massachusetts. ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Ohio. 

Exeaitive Committee. 



36 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

[No. 33.] 

Official Office of the United States Centennial Commission, 

Philadelphia, February, 1873. 



Forms 

t3 7 ; 



TO THE OFFICERS AND TEACHERS IN THE UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, 
AND SCHOOLS OF THE UNITED STATES: 

The United States Centennial Commissioners, in the execution of the trust committed 
to them, desire to direct the attention of Officers and Teachers in Universities, Colleges, 
and Schools to the relations which the proposed International Exhibition must sustain to 
the educational interests of our country. 

The plan adopted embraces the presentation of the arts and industries of the world in 
such a way that the best facilities will be afforded for careful analysis and generalization. 
" These simultaneous views of the condition of the whole globe as to material arts" are 
useful beyond computation, not only to industrial development, but also to scientific and 
literary progress. 

The classification embraces Ten Departments .** 

I. Raw materials — Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal. 

II. Materials and Manufactures used for Food, or in the Arts, the result of Extractive 
or Combining Processes. 

III. Textile and Felted Fabrics; Apparel, Costumes, and Ornaments for the Person. 

IV. Furniture and Manufactures of general use in construction and in dwellings. 
V. Tools, Implements, Machines, and Processes. 

VI. Motors and Transportation. 

VII. Apparatus and Methods for the increase and diffusion of knowledge. 
VIII. Engineering, Public Works, Architecture, etc. 
IX. Plastic and Graphic Arts. 
X. Objects illustrating efforts for the improvement of the Physical, Intellectual, and 
Moral Condition of Man. 

The departments will be divided into groups and classes, to facilitate the arrangement 
and display of the various articles placed on exhibition. 

If the ideal be in any degree realized, the attractions of the place will bring together 
learned and scientific men from all parts of the world, and not the least of the good results 
of the Exhibition will be the interchange of thought. 

Dr. Whewell characterized the London Exhibition as "the great university of 1851." 

Sir David Brewster said, in speaking on the same subject, " I am persuaded that the 
Exhibition will exercise the most salutary influence, in so far as it will turn the attention 
of the influential classes of society to the vast national importance of encouraging science 
and the arts, by placing the men who advance them in a better position than they have 
hitherto occupied in this country." 

The Centennial Commission makes a special appeal to our citizens of liberal culture 
to assist in making the International Exhibition of 1876 more successful than any of the 
previous Expositions of the world. v 

As opportunity may offer, we ask that, by lectures and correspondence, you will assist 
in commending the great enterprise as worthy of confidence and support. 

In behalf of the United States Centennial Commission. 

JOS. R. II AWLEY, President of the United States Centennial Commission. 
Lewis Waln Smith, Temporary Secreta)-y of the United States Centennial Commission. 

* For these ten Departments seven were ultimately substituted. See Form No. 104, page 60. 



APPENDIX B. 



37 

[No. 34.] Official 
Forms, 
1873- 



Office of the United States Centennial Commission, Philadelphia, 1873. 
I 

TO THE SCIENTIFIC, INDUSTRIAL, AND COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS 
IN THE UNITED STATES: 

The Anniversary of the Independence of the United States in the year 1876 is to be 
celebrated by an Exhibition of the products, arts, and industries of the country, and of the 
world. This is in accordance with an Act of Congress approved March 3, 187 1. By this 
Act the task of preparing and superintending the Exhibition was imposed upon the United 
States Centennial Commission, consisting of two members from each of the States and Ter- 
ritories. The Commissioners have three times met in general session, a permanent organi- 
zation has been effected, and the chief outlines of the plan for the Exhibition have been 
agreed upon. 

This Exhibition is to be international and universal, — international inasmuch as all na- 
tions will be invited to participate in it ; and universal, because it will include a representa- 
tion of all natural and artificial products, all arts, industries, and manufactures, and all the 
varied results of human skill, thought, and imagination. 

The outlines of a simple yet comprehensive classification have been adopted. There 
will be ten departments, each subdivided in ten groups, and these again into classes.* The 
details of this classification are now being elaborated, and will be published in due season, 
together with such rules and regulations as may be found necessary for the proper conduct 
and management of the Exhibition. 

It is intended that ample space shall be assigned to each State, Territory, and foreign 
country, for a just and proper display of their products. It is believed that not less than 
fifty square acres of floor space, under roof, will be required for this purpose. A site com- 
bining the advantages of a sufficient extent of level ground, with picturesque and cultivated 
surroundings, easy of access by rail; water, and by ordinary roads, has been assigned for 
the buildings and grounds at Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia. The Exhibition 
will open in April, and close in October.f 

Each State of the Union will be expected to send its peculiar products, illustrating its 
resources, both developed and undeveloped. A complete exhibition of this kind by all the 
States will afford the means of comparing their industrial condition and capabilities. The 
products of mining and of agriculture will occupy a large portion of the space allotted to 
each State, and will receive their just share of attention in this universal display. 

An undertaking so patriotic in its conception, so vast in its proportions, and so useful in 
its results commends itself to the hearty sympathy and support of an intelligent people. 
Patriotism, as well as an appreciation of the industrial, educational, and moral influences of 
well-organized exhibitions, should impel all citizens to lend a helping hand. It is the duty 
of the Commission to prepare the way and open the doors, but the people, in their sovereign 
right and strength, must make the Exhibition. By their aid alone can it be made a just 
and comprehensive display of the industrial, intellectual, and moral development of the 
Nation during the first century of its existence. 

The Commission not only relies with confidence upon the aid of the people in general, 
but it hopes to receive the co-operation of the scientific, industrial, and commercial organi- 
zations of the country, and particularly of those which have aided in directing and realizing 
the popular demand for agricultural and industrial exhibitions. 

JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President of the Commission. 

Lewis Waln Smith, Temporary Secretary. 

* See last reference. 

f Subsequently modified. The Exhibition opened May 10, and closed November 10. 



38 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official 

Forms » CIRCULAR LETTER TO CENTENNIAL COMMISSIONERS. 

1873. 

Office of the United States Centennial Commission, 

Philadelphia, February i, 1873. 



United States Centennial Commissioner, etc., etc. 

Dear Sir, — The President of the Commission directs me to ask your attention to the 
following extracts from the proceedings of the last meeting of the Commission, in relation 
to the appointment of a Committee to visit Vienna : 

" Resolved, That the President of this Commission is hereby authorized to appoint a 
Committee to represent the United States Centennial Commission at the Exposition to be 
held in the city of Vienna, in May next, the said Committee to report to this Commission. 
..." Provided, That it shall be no expense to the Commission." (Journal, p. 205.) 

General Hawley proposes to appoint upon the Committee every member of the Com- 
mission who may be going to Vienna next summer, as it is important that the Commission 
should be well represented there ; and the appointment, though conferring no pecuniary 
benefit, will undoubtedly command some facilities that would not be granted to a mere 
visitor. 

Will you please inform me at your earliest convenience whether or not it is your desire 
to visit the Vienna Exhibition as a member of such a Committee, and if so, at what time? 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

WILLIAM P. BLAKE Executive Commissioner. 



[No. 38.] 
SPECIFICATIONS FOR DESIGN FOR CERTIFICATE OF STOCK. 

United States Centennial Commission, 
Philadelphia [March ...], 1873. 

Desiring to elicit competent artistic talent and skill in the production of a design for an 
engraving on steel of a form of certificate of stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, 
the United States Centennial Commission invite a fair competition of those designers and 
artists who may be disposed to make the effort to gain the honor and reward which will be 
accorded to the successful competitor. 

The sum of five hundred dollars in currency will be paid to the person whose design 
may be accepted. Those who are not successful will have no claim to compensation for 
their labor, but honorable mention will be made of those designs according to the order of 
merit which they exhibit. Should any part of a design, the whole of which is not taken, 
be desired for use, a special proposal will be made to the designer, giving the tenns upon 
which such part will be taken. 

The selection and decision will be made by the Executive Committee of this Commis- 
sion during the month of May, 1873. 

The outside dimensions of the design, exclusive of margin, will be sixteen by eleven 
inches. It may be freely sketched in India ink or pencil or in pen drawing. The latter 
is considered preferable. If that form is adopted, it would be preferred that the design 
should be drawn on a larger scale, preserving the same relative dimensions, so that the 
work may be reproduced by the Heliotype or some other photo-engraving process, in 
which process the reduction may be made photographically. 

No colors should be used in the design, and if reproduction by photographic engraving 
is to be adopted, all shadings should be made by lines or etching, and not by tints. 



APPENDIX B. 39 

The designs should be illustrative of the progress of the United States in the peaceful Official 
arts and sciences, — Agriculture, Manufactures, Commerce, — the development of the coun- Forms > 
try during the century, and those triumphs of physical science which enable man to master 
and use the forces of nature. They should also symbolize the freedom and representative 
character of our institutions. 

Open space must be left, amounting to about one-fourth of the area to be covered by 
the design, for the insertion of the wording of the certificate and the signatures of the 
President and Secretary of the Centennial Board of Finance. The lettering will, however, 
be subordinated as much as possible to the artistic requirements of the design. 

The designs should be forwarded to the office of United States Centennial Commission, 
No. 904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, as early as the first of May next. 

JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President. 
Lewis Waln Smith, Secretary. 



[NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENT.] 



O iF 1 :f 1 a IE OIF THE 



United States Centennial Commission, 

STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

City of Philadelphia, March 10, 1873. 



CALL FOR A MEETING TO ELECT 

A 

Board of Directors 

FOR THE 

CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. 



In accordance with the Act of Congress, approved June 1, 1872, the United States Cen- 
tennial Commission hereby issue a call for a meeting of the Corporators, and all others 
who may then have subscribed for Stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, to be held 

IN CONCERT HALL, 

on the north side of Chestnut Street, between Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, in the City 
of Philadelphia, aforesaid, on the 

2 2d day of April next, at 12 o'clock, noon, 

for the purpose of electing a board of directors, to consist of twenty-five stockholders, 
whose term of office shall be one year, and until their successors shall have been qualified 
as prescribed in said act. 



40 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official At this meeting each subscriber for stock will be entitled to cast one vote, in person or 

Forms, ^y proxy, for each share of stock thus represented. 

And under Rule Ninth, the following form of prOxy may be used : 

" I do hereby authorize and empower for me, and in my name 

" to vote upon share of stock in said corporation held by me, and represented by 

" subscription certificate No. , at the meeting of the corporators and subscribers for 

" said stock called by the United States Centennial Commission, and to be held at Phila- 

" delphia, State of Pennsylvania, for the purpose of electing the first board of directors of 

" said corporation. 

,, iTT-. , . . } " (Name of Subscriber.) 

" Witness at signing, y ^ ' 

s 6 J "(Address.)" 

By order of the United States Centennial Commission. 

JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, 
Lewis Waln Smith, President. 

Secretary. 



[NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENT.] 



ORIFICE OIF THE 



United States Centennial Commission, 

No. 904 WALNUT STREET. 

Philadelphia, April, 187J. 

PROPOSALS FOR PLANS 

FOR THE 

Centennial Anniversary Buildings. 

Architects, Engineers, and others are hereby invited to offer preliminary sketches or 
designs for the buildings to be erected in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, for the Interna- 
tional Exhibition in 1876. 

Specifications and other documents prepared for those desiring to compete for the design, 

Together with information as to the sums to be paid for the 
plans which may be selected, 

will be furnished on application to Lewis Waln Smith, Secretary of the Centennial Com 
mission, No. 904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

All plans must be placed in the hands of the Secretary of the Commission 

Before noon, on the 15th day of July, 187J, 

after which time no designs will be received. 

By direction of the Committee on Plans and Architecture. 

ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Chairman. 



'873. 



APPENDIX B. 41 

[No. 39.] Official 

United States Centennial Commission, Forms, 

No. 904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, April 5, 1873. 

TO THE OFFICERS OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT, AND OF THE 
GOVERNMENTS OF THE SEVERAL STATES: 

Gentlemen, — You are doubtless aware that the United States Centennial Commission 
has been organized, in obedience to the national will, as declared in Acts of Congress, for 
the purpose of rendering the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American 
Independence, which is to be held at Philadelphia in 1 876, a celebration that will live in 
history as the grandest and most sublime commemoration the world has ever witnessed. 

That this occasion might afford to every nation the fullest and most comprehensive 
manifestation of what our republic has achieved in developing civilization and extending 
its sway, Congress adopted a plan by which all the products of the globe that minister to 
human wants, all the results of industry, the choicest specimens of every art, the triumphs 
of genius in every field of intellectual activity, — whatever, indeed, affects the moral and 
physical condition of the race, are to be brought together at the birthplace of the nation 
in an international exhibition, wherein the system of arrangement and classification shall 
be such as to afford a comparative view of each country's share in the movement of 
progress. 

This plan was conceived, and will be carried out, in the highest interests of philan- 
thropy and peace. Unity and concord among our own people, and between this and other 
nations, stand foremost among the sentiments that inspired the project. To acknowledge 
the true dignity of labor, to develop the best interests of capital, to represent in this colossal 
compendium of civilization the fruits of the creative power, both of the hand and of the 
brain, are some of the grounds upon which this national movement appeals to the patriot- 
ism of our countrymen for a support that shall make its success triumphant and complete. 
Such support we confidently look for at your hands. 

A celebration, the great object of which is to promote the national glory, and to prove 
the beneficence of the institutions under which we live, should receive peculiar sympathy 
and support from those who have been selected to act as the official representatives of that 
system of government the success of which the " Centennial" is to celebrate. Whether 
by the direct vote of the people or by official appointment, you hold representative positions, 
and consequently your obligations on such occasions as the present are greater than those 
of the private citizen, and your example must sensibly influence the action of your towns- 
men and neighbors. Hence we do not hesitate to ask your most active aid in promoting 
an object so eminently deserving the zealous co-operation of every American. 

Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia, her great manufacturing metropolis, have led the way 

in furnishing their proportion of capital with noble generosity, through subscriptions by hei 

citizens and appropriations by the State and city governments, which amount already to 

more than three times the quota of stock apportioned to the State, and are still increasing 

their contributions. The Commission now awaits the response from other quarters to this 

worthy example. It feels assured that with a correct understanding of the objects in view 

every public officer will feel it both a duty and a pleasure, by subscription and co-operation, 

to exert himself to the utmost to hasten the success of an exposition that must prove so 

great a benefit to every section of our common country. 

JOS. R. HAWLEY, President. 
Lewis Waln Smith, Secretary. 



Official 
Forms, 
1873. 



42 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION 1876. 



Office of the United States Centennial Commission, 
Philadelphia, April 1, 1873. 

SPECIFICATIONS 
For Plans for the Centennial Anniversary Buildings to be erected in Phila- 
delphia for the International Exhibition in 1876. 

The entire buildings connected with the Exhibition will cover at least fifty acres of 
ground, and will be located in Fairmount Park. 

This communication refers only to the Main Exhibition Building and to the Art Gallery, 
the latter being a building separate and distinct from the former. 

1st. The Main Building will be located upon the site marked A on the topographical 
map furnished by the Centennial Commission, and excluding such open courts and areas 
as the nature of the various designs may require, but deluding the galleries, should cover 
at least twenty-five acres of floor space. 

A portion of this Main Building will form the Memorial Hall, and must be a complete 
building within itself. It must be of such a character, and constructed of such substantial 
materials, as that it shall remain after the close of the Exhibition for a permanent Art 
Museum. 

The Memorial Building will include not to exceed five acres of floor space. The re- 
maining portion of the Main Building will be removed after the close of the Exhibition, 
and must be planned accordingly. 

The entire Main Building must be designed so as to afford an opportunity for the best 
allotment of space, with a view to a comprehensive and effective arrangement of articles, 
in accordance with the classification adopted by the Centennial Commission. 

In the published statement, giving the classifications adopted by the Commission, those 
" Groups" marked A are intended to be placed in the Main Building; the other " Groups" 
will not require consideration in connection with this building. 

2d. The Art Gallery will be located upon the site marked B on the map furnished by 
the Centennial Commission, and excluding open areas, if the nature of the design requires 
them, should cover not to exceed two acres of floor space. This building must be of such 
substantial materials and sufficiently fire-proof as to thoroughly protect the valuable articles 
to be placed in it. It must be well adapted to contain and properly exhibit the various 
articles mentioned in the " Groups" marked B, in the classification adopted by the Com- 
mission. 

In designing both the above buildings special care must be taken to insure ample 
strength to sustain safely the great weights and moving crowds that they may contain. At 
the same time, they must be able to effectually resist the action of the severest winds, and 
afford complete protection to their contents from the weather, without becoming expensive 
in construction. 

The Committee on Plans and Architecture has prepared for distribution a map showing 
the sites of the proposed buildings, and a statement, giving the classification adopted by 
the Commission. Those interested can obtain copies by applying to the Secretary of the 
Commission, at 904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Architects, Engineers, and others are hereby invited to offer Preliminary Sketches of 
Designs for each of the above buildings, for the first and unlimited competition. 

Designs offered for each building must be represented by the following drawings, and 
conform strictly to the following requirements ; none others will be considered : 

No. 1. The block plan. 

No. 2. The ground plan. 

No. 3. The gallery plan. 

No. 4. The north elevation. 

No. 5. The south elevation. 



APPENDIX B. 



43 



No. 6. The transverse sections necessary to properly illustrate the design. Official 

Drawing No. I must be made to the scale of one hundred feet to an inch, and must Forms » 
show both buildings in their proposed relative position to each other. Separate drawings 
to the scale of 64 feet to an inch for Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, will be required for each building. 

All the drawings must be in pencil, india ink, or sepia, with the shadows cast, and no 
color shall be used, except upon the block plan and plans of the floors. 

Each design shall be accompanied by a clear and condensed written description of the 
drawings, and the proposed material of construction, under seal, and a sealed letter giving 
the address of author. The name of the party offering the design must not appear on the 
drawings, or be attached to the description. All plans must be placed in the hands of the 
Secretary of the Commission, at Philadelphia, before noon on the sixteenth day of July, 
1873, after which time no designs will be received. 

As the designs submitted are received, the date of their reception will be indorsed 
upon them, and, together with the description and sealed letter giving the address of the 
architect, will be numbered ; the designs, descriptions, and address will each bear the same 
number. Thus numbered, they will remain in the possession of the Secretary until opened 
by the Committee on Plans and Architecture. 

From these preliminary sketches of designs, submitted as above indicated for this first 
competition, there will be selected ten designs (if there be found that number sufficiently 
meritorious to be admitted to the second competition), to each of which shall be paid the 
sum of one thousand ($1000) dollars. 

The letters giving the addresses will be opened after judgment has been pronounced 
by the Committee, and the authors of each of the ten designs will be notified of their 
designs having been selected for the second competition ; the others will be returned to the 
parties submitting them. 

The second competition, for the final adoption of a plan, shall be limited to the designs 
selected under the first public competition, in accordance with the provisions herein 
specified. 

The conditions, requirements, awards, etc., for the second competition will be announced 
at or prior to the close of the first competition. 

Persons intending to compete for the Plans should file their address with the Secretary 
of the Commission, so that further announcements may be promptly communicated to them. 

ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Ohio. 
WM. HENRY PARSONS, Texas. 
ORESTES CLEVELAND, New Jersey. 
DAVID ATWOOD, Wisconsin. 
EZEKIEL A. STRAW, New Hampshire. 
GEO. ALEXANDER BATCHELDER, Dakota. 
MIDDLETON GOLDSMITH, Vermont. 

Committee on Plans and Architecture. 



[No. 41.] 
CIRCULAR TO EXHIBITORS. 

Philadelphia, 187 



M. 



For the purpose of facilitating the progress of the necessary preparations in connection 
with the International Exhibition of 1876, your co-operation is requested. Have the 
kindness to forward a list of such products or manufactures as you desire to have on 
exhibition at that time, with amount of space required, so far as it is possible to prepare 



44 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official it. This list will not interfere with any future entries that you may desire to add ; the 

Forms, object being simply to form some practical idea as to total amount of space required, and 

to aid in the prompt production of the Catalogue. A form is inclosed, which you will 
please fill up and send addressed to 

Yours respectfully, 

ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 



COMPETITION FOR PLANS OF BUILDINGS. 

Philadelphia, July 16, 1873. 
The Committee on Plans and Architecture of the United States Centennial Commission 
announce that forty sketches of designs for the International Exhibition Buildings wtre 
received previous to noon, July 15. 

The Committee is now engaged in the examination of the designs submitted, and will 
announce the award August 7, 1873, for the designs selected for the second competition, 
in accordance with the conditions prescribed in the circular letter, addressed to Architects, 
dated April I. 

Rules defining the conditions, requirements, awards, etc., for the second competition 
will be announced at the same time. 

By order of the Committee on Plans and Architecture. 

JAMES E. DEXTER, Secretary of the Committee on Plans. 



[No. 45.] 
CONDITIONS, REQUIREMENTS, AND AWARDS OF THE SECOND 

COMPETITION. 

Philadelphia, August 11, 1873. 

The conditions and instructions issued for the first competition, so far as they relate to 
the details of the building, are still in force. 

Each of the above-named architects will receive from the Secretary of the Commission 
a set of photographic copies of the ten selected designs, with printed descriptions of each, 
upon a written statement being received by the Secretary that he intends to enter for the 
second competition. 

The plans submitted for the second competition must also show, in regard to the Art 
Gallery, the most approved arrangements as to light and proper distribution of wall space. 

The Memorial Building, which is to be permanent in its construction, must form a 
conspicuous architectural feature, in connection with the temporary buildings, and be so 
erected as to remain an isolated building, suitable for public meetings, museum, and 
exhibition purposes, after the Universal Exhibition closes. 

The temporary buildings being connected with the Memorial Building, whether they 
be rectangular, elliptical, semi-elliptical, circular, or semi-circular, must admit of the dual 
application of the systematic and geographical classification. 

The competitors must show distinctly on the block plan the system of railroad communi- 
cation throughout the grounds and buildings which they would propose as the best means 
for transportation of visitors and freight, and the following papers must accompany the 
plans : 

I. An estimate of the cost of the Art Gallery; an estimate of the cost of the Memorial 
Building; an estimate of the cost of the Temporary Building. 



APPENDIX B. 45 

2. A statement of the time required to execute the designs, provided the final drawings Official 
are commenced by October i, and sufficiently advanced to begin laying the foundations on Forms > 
November I, next. 

3. A statement giving as much information as possible in regard to the materials to 
be used. 

The plans and accompanying papers to be forwarded to the Secretary of the U. S. 
Centennial Commission on or before September 20, 1873. 

As soon as possible thereafter the Committee on Plans and Architecture will award to 
the author of one design the sum of ten thousand dollars. 

It is to be distinctly understood that all the designs and papers submitted for the final 
competition shall, on being so submitted, become the property of the U. S. Centennial 
Commission. 

The successful competitor, before receiving the award, will be called upon to furnish 
detailed drawings and specifications sufficient to illustrate and explain clearly the principal 
parts of his design. 

The Committee on Plans and Architecture claims the right, before making a decision 
in the final competition, to hold personal interviews with the competitors themselves, for 
the purpose of hearing any further explanations that may be deemed necessary. 

Those designs not selected in the first competition will be sent to the proper parties 
upon written application being made to the Secretary of the Commission, No. 904 Walnut 
Street, Philadelphia. 

The nine plans remaining after the award in the second competition will be conspicu- 
ously exhibited in the Art Gallery of the Exhibition in 1876. 

By direction of the Committee on Plans and Architecture. 

JAMES E. DEXTER, Secretary of the Com?nittee on Plans and Architecture. 



[No. 47.] 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF APPLICATIONS FOR SPACE. 

Office of the United States Centennial Commission, 

Philadelphia, 1 Sy 



M. 



Sir,— Your application for space in the International Exhibition of 1876 has been 
received and registered. 

The number of your application is . Have the kindness, in any future correspond- 
ence relating to your proposed exhibit, to mention this number. 

Yours respectfully, 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 



INFORMATION TO EXHIBITORS. 

[Superseded by Nos. 62 and 105. See the latter.] 



[No. 5 >.J 



46 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official [No. 51 1 

Forms, CIRCULAR LETTER TO GOVERNORS. 

1873- 

Philadelphia, November 12, 1873. 

To his Excellency 

Governor of 

Sir, — I have the honor to solicit your concurrence with the United States Centennial 
Commission in the work of procuring such representations of the natural resources and 
industrial progress of your State as will insure its successful participation in the International 
Exhibition of 1876. 

After careful deliberation, the Commission has concluded that this end may best be 
attained through the instrumentality of State Boards, which should be composed of men 
thoroughly familiar with the capabilities of the State or Territory they represent, and upon 
which will devolve the responsibility for the Exhibition made under their direction. The 
scheme upon which it has seemed best to organize these Boards is embodied in Section 5 
of the " Regulations for Exhibitors in the United States," a copy of which is hereby 
inclosed, and to which I beg to direct your attention. 

The magnitude of the labor of preparing and classifying the exhibits for each State, 
and the limited time remaining, convince the Centennial Commission that the organization 
of the State Boards cannot be safely deferred beyond the 1st of April, 1874, without im 
periling the interests of the exhibitors they are to represent. I have, therefore, to express 
the hope that your Excellency will lay the subject before the Legislature of your State, 
with such recommendations as will insure the appointment of the members of the Board 
as suggested at an early day. 

In order that you may have further information of the object, scope, and requirements 
of the work intrusted to the Centennial Commission, the Commissioners for your State have 
been requested to confer with you, and they will be pleased to render you any aid you may 
desire in inaugurating means to secure a full representation of the resources of your State 
in the International Exhibition. 

I am, with great respect, your obedient servant, 
A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General U. S. Centennial Commission. 



[No. 52.] 
CIRCULAR LETTER TO CENTENNIAL COMMISSIONERS. 

Philadelphia, Nov. 12, 1873. 

Hon 

United States Centennial Commissioner for 

Sir, — At a meeting of the Executive Committee held on the 7th inst., it was deemed 
essential for the thorough representation of all sections of the country in the International 
Exhibition of 1876, that there should be organized in each State and Territory a Board of 
Managers, to insure the efficient prosecution of this important work. 

After a careful consideration of the best manner of interesting all the people of the 
States, and of securing worthy and creditable exhibits, the plan adopted especially com- 
mended itself as being the most comprehensive and feasible for uniform execution. It is 
embodied in Section 5 of the " Regulations for Exhibitors in the United States," a copy 
of which is herewith forwarded to you. A copy will also be sent to your associate. These 
regulations will indicate to you the extent and nature of the work that will be delegated to 
the State Boards, and the urgent necessity for their early organization. It is found im- 
practicable for this office to communicate with individual exhibitors throughout the country, 



APPENDIX B. 



47 



and quite impossible to determine and discriminate on the character of the exhibits offered. Official 
It is, therefore, proposed that the State Boards shall supervise the preliminary work of the Form3 » 
Exhibition in their respective States, and be the intermediate means of representing the 
various interests of the Commission. 

It is hoped that a full presentation of this scheme to the Governor and Legislature of 
your State will enlist their cordial support and assistance in establishing it on an efficient 
basis at an early day. 

You will observe that the ist of April, 1874, has been fixed upon as the time beyond 
which the organization of the State Boards cannot be deferred without detriment to the 
interests of the exhibitors whom they will represent. It is very desirable, therefore, that 
you should urge upon the Governor (if possible in a personal interview) the early presen- 
tation of the subject to the Legislature, with such recommendations as may insure the 
prompt organization of the Board, of which you will be a member. 

In conferring with the Governor, it may be well that you should give consideration to 
the number of members that may advantageously be placed upon your Board. The 
maximum number of five, in addition to the Commissioner and Alternate, was designed to 
provide for the conditions of States having so large an area or such diversity of products as 
would require the attention of a more numerous body of organizers than might be adequate 
elsewhere. Your judgment may determine that a smaller membership than that designated 
may be more effective in its practical working. 

A copy of the Regulations has been sent to the Governor of your State, together with 
a letter upon the subject, of which I inclose a copy for your information; we trust that 
on consultation with the Governor and your associate Commissioner, you will be able, 
under legislative sanction, to organize a Board that will at once undertake to assist us in 
the great national work in which we are engaged. I shall be pleased at all times to render 
you all the aid I can from this office. 

Very respectfully, 

A. T. GOS HORN, Director- Gerieral. 



[No. 53.] 
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.— 1876. 

UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. 



BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
A PROCLAMATION: 

Whereas by the Act of Congress approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy- 
one, providing for a National Celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the Inde- 
pendence of the United States, by the holding of an International Exhibition of Arts, 
Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six, it is provided as follows : 

" That whenever the President shall be informed by the Governor of the State of 
Pennsylvania that provision has been made for the erection of suitable buildings for the 
purpose, and for the exclusive control by the Commission herein provided for of the 
proposed Exhibition, the President shall, through the Department of State, make Procla- 
mation of the same, setting forth the time at which the Exhibition will open, and the 
place at which it will be held; and he shall communicate to the Diplomatic Representatives 
of all nations copies of the same, together with such regulations as may be adopted by the 
Commissioners, for publication in their respective countries;" 

And whereas His Excellency the Governor of the said State of Pennsylvania did, on 



4 8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official the twenty-fourth day of June, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, inform me that provi- 

Forms, g - on ^ as been made for the erection of said buildings and for the exclusive control by the 

Commission provided for in the said Act of the proposed Exhibition ; 

And whereas the President of the United States Centennial Commission has officially 
informed me of the dates fixed for the opening and closing of the said Exhibition, and 
the place at which it is to be held ; 

Now, therefore, be it known that I, Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States, 
in conformity with the provisions of the Act of Congress aforesaid, do hereby declare and 
proclaim that there will be held, at the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, 
an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, to 
be opened on the nineteenth day of April, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy- 
six, and to be closed on the nineteenth day of October, in the same year. 

And in the interest of peace, civilization, and domestic and international friendship and 
intercourse, I commend the Celebration and Exhibition to the people of the United States; 
and, in behalf of this Government and people, I cordially commend them to all nations 
who may be pleased to take part therein. 

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United 
States to be affixed. 
[L.S.] 

Done at the City of Washington, this third day of July, one thousand eight 
hundred and seventy-three, and of the Independence of the United States the 
ninety-seventh. 
By the President : U. S. GRANT. 

Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State. 



Department of State, Washington, July 5, 1873. 
Sir, — I have the honor to inclose, for the information of the Government of. 



a copy of the President's Proclamation, announcing the time and place of holding an Inter- 
national Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, proposed to 
be held in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

The Exhibition is designed to commemorate the Declaration of the Independence of 
the United States, on the one hundredth anniversary of that interesting and historic national 
event, and, at the same time, to present a fitting opportunity for such display of the results 
of Art and Industry of all nations as will serve to illustrate the great advances attained, and 
the successes achieved, in the interest of Progress and Civilization during the century which 
will have then closed. 

In the law providing for the holding of the Exhibition, Congress directed that copies 
of the Proclamation of the President, setting forth the time of its opening and the place at 
which it was to be held, together with such regulations as might be adopted by the Com- 
missioners of the Exhibition, should be communicated to the Diplomatic Representatives 
of all nations. Copies of those regulations are herewith transmitted. 

The President indulges the hope that the Government of 

will be pleased to notice the subject, 

and may deem it proper to bring the Exhibition and its objects to the attention of the people 
of that country, and thus encourage their co-operation in the proposed celebration. And he 
further hopes that the opportunity afforded by the Exhibition for the interchange of national 
sentiment and friendly intercourse between the people of both nations may result in new and 
still greater advantages to Science and Industry, and at the same time serve to strengthen the 



APPENDIX B. 



49 



bonds of Peace and Friendship, which already happily subsist between the Government and Official 

people of -and those of the United States. Forms » 

I have the honor to be, sir, with the highest consideration, 
Your obedient servant, 
(Signed) HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State. 



GENERAL REGULATIONS. 

First. The International Exhibition of 1876 will be held in Fairmount Park, in the 
City of Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Second. The date of opening of the Exhibition will be April 19, 1876, and of closing 
will be October 19, 1876 .* 

Third. A cordial invitation is hereby extended to every nation of the earth to be repre- 
sented by its arts, industries, progress, and development. 

Fourth. A formal acceptance of this invitation is requested previous to March 4, 1874. 

Fifth. Each nation accepting this invitation is requested to appoint a Commission, 
through which all matters pertaining to its own interests shall be conducted. For the pur- 
pose of convenient intercourse and satisfactory supervision, it is especially desired that one 
member of each such Commission be designated to reside at Philadelphia until the close 
of the Exposition. 

Sixth. The privileges of Exhibitors can be granted only to citizens of countries whose 
Governments have formally accepted the invitation to be represented and have appointed 
the aforementioned Commission, and all communication must be made through the Govern- 
mental Commissions. 

Seventh. Applications for space within the Exposition Buildings, or in the adjacent 
buildings and grounds under the control of the Centennial Commission, must be made pre- 
vious to March 4, 1875. 

Eighth. Full diagrams of the buildings and grounds will be furnished to the Commis- 
sioners of the different Nations which shall accept the invitation to participate. 

Ninth. All articles intended for exhibition, in order to secure proper position and classi- 
fication, must be in Philadelphia on or before January 1, 1876. 

Tenth. Acts of Congress pertaining to custom-house regulations, duties, etc., together 
with all special regulations adopted by the Centennial Commission in reference to transpor- 
tation, allotment of space, classification, motive-power, insurance, police-rules, and other 
matters necessary to the proper display and preservation of materials, will be promptly 
communicated to the accredited Representatives of the several Governments co-operating 
in the Exposition. 

Philadelphia, November, 1873. 



[No. 54.] 
GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR FOREIGN EXHIBITORS. 

[Superseded by No. 104, which see.] 
* Subsequently modified. The Exhibition opened May 10, and closed November 10. 



50 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official [No . 6l- ] 

Forms, INSTRUCTIONS TO STATE BOARDS OF CENTENNIAL MANAGERS. 



1873 



1. To provide for the efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Exhibition, and 
to organize a uniform system to this end throughout the United States, the United States 
Centennial Commission has invited the several States and Territories to appoint State 
Centennial Managers, not exceeding five in number. These Managers, with the United 
States Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner, constitute the State Board of Centennial 
Managers for each State and Territory. 

Immediately upon the organization of each Board, the Director-General of the Centen- 
nial Commission should be furnished with the names of the members of the Board and of 
its officers. It is desirable that each Board should designate one of its members as Secre- 
tary, who shall conduct all its correspondence with the Commission on subjects committed 
to its supervision. 

2. The first duty of the Boards will be to disseminate information about the Exhibition, 
through the public press; by means of circulars and individual correspondence; through 
the co-operation of industrial, scientific, agricultural, and other associations ; in public meet- 
ings ; or in such other manner as may be deemed expedient. For this purpose it may be 
found practicable to create co-operating committees in each county, town, or district in the 
State. 

To avoid confusion and misunderstanding in the arrangement of the details of so vast 
an Exhibition, it is of the utmost importance that uniformity and consistency shall be pre- 
served throughout the documents and instructions issued. To this end, all such publica- 
tions by the State Boards should be placed on file in the office of the Commission ; and 
nothing of the nature of promises or instructions should be entered into until approved by 
the Director-General. 

3. The classification for the Exhibition is comprised in ten Departments, as follows :* 
The subdivisions of the ten Departments into Groups and Classes will be furnished to 

the State Boards at an early day. 

All allotments of space must be made to conform at once to the classification and to 
the national divisions which will be established in the buildings, except in the case of such 
collective exhibitions as may receive special sanction. The Exhibition is designed to afford 
a ccmparison of the United States as a nation with the other nations of the world, rather 
than to be a competition of the individual States among themselves ; so that the aggregate 
exhibit from this country must be compactly arranged. Since few States, moreover, if any, 
can furnish exhibits in all the groups of the classification, it will not be possible to parcel 
out the exhibiting space absolutely in accordance with State lines. Yet these will be pre- 
served wherever practicable, and the interests of all the States will be carefully provided 
for, as soon as there has been a sufficiently general receipt of applications for space at the 
central office to indicate the probable extent and location of the requirements of the several 
States. 

4. As it is desirable that the Centennial Commission shall be in possession of this 
information as early as possible, each State Board should promptly furnish to the central 
office lists of the manufacturers and others who are likely to exhibit from its own State. 
Blank forms of application will then be forwarded from the central office to the persons 
so designated. This portion of the work should be completed before the end of the year 

1874. 

5. In making these recommendations, the State Boards will carefully discriminate in 
such a manner as to avoid undue duplication of objects, and to aim at securing a high 
standard of quality in the exhibits and thorough representations of the resources of their 
districts, rather than contributions remarkable only for size. 



The classification afterwards consisted of seven Departments. 



APPENDIX B. t l 

To insure similar characteristics in the aggregate representation of the whole country, Official 
the Centennial Commission reserves to itself the final decision upon the admission of all Forms > 
articles; and none can be considered as definitely accepted until approved by the Director- * 7j * 
General. 

6. The State Boards are invited to keep the Director-General thoroughly informed, by 
means of frequent written reports, of the progress of the organization of the Exhibition in 
their districts, and to apply to him for decisions in any cases of uncertainty. 

From time to time, as occasion may arise and the progress of the work may require or 
suggest, the Boards will be furnished with further instructions. The blank forms and 
other documents needed for the transaction of the business assigned to the Boards will be 
furnished from the office of the Centennial Commission. 

Rules will be explained or amended as the interests of the Exhibition may, during the 
progress of the work, demand. Prompt notice of such changes will be given to the State 
Boards. 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 



|No. 62.] 
GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR EXHIBITORS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
[Superseded by No. 105, which see.] 



[No. 64.] 
STATE ORGANIZATIONS. 

The United States Centennial Commission has invited the several States and Territories 
to appoint local Advisory Boards or Committees to assist in securing a complete represen- 
tation of the industries of their respective Districts in the International Exhibition of 1876. 

A number of Boards have been organized in accordance with this invitation. 

In States and Territories where such Boards do not exist, in order to secure their 
organization throughout the country without further delay, it is recommended that they 
consist of the Centennial Commissioner and Alternate, and not less than three other 
persons appointed by the Director-General, with the advice and consent of the Commis- 
sioners of the State or Territory. 

It is hoped that a uniform system of co-operative Boards or Committees, organized in 
accordance with this suggestion, will excite local interest in the objects of the Exhibition, 
and thus greatly facilitate the work of the Commission. 

Upon the organization of each Board, an officer should be designated to conduct its 
correspondence with the Commission. 

The duty of the Boards will be — 

1st. To disseminate information regarding the Exhibition. 

2d. To secure the co-operation of industrial, scientific, agricultural, and other associa- 
tions in their Districts. 

3d. To appoint co-operative local committees, representing the different industries of 
their Districts. 

4th. To stimulate local action on all measures intended to render the Exhibition suc- 
cessful and a worthy representation of the industries of the country. 

5th. To encourage the production of articles suitable for exhibition. 

6th. To distribute documents issued by the Commission among the manufacturers and 
others in their Districts interested in the Exhibition. 



Official 
Forms, 
1874. 



52 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

7th. To render assistance in furthering the financial and other interests of the Exhibi- 
tion, and to furnish information to the Commission on subjects that may be 
referred to them. 
Applications for space in the Exhibition buildings or grounds must be made on the 
printed form, in accordance with the Rules and Regulations. Blank forms will be fur- 
nished to the Boards for distribution. 

The Commission will aim to secure a high standard of quality in the articles exhibited, 
and a complete representation of the resources and industries of the country. To this end, 
there should be presented for exhibition the best products of each District, and especially 
those which are regarded as of a representative character. 

The Boards are requested to report to the Director-General the progress of the work in 
their Districts. 

By order of the Executive Committee, 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 
JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 

Philadelphia, August, 1874. 



[No. 68.] 
CENTENNIAL STATE BOARDS. 

The United States Centennial Commission, in order to secure local co-operation through- 
out the country in the objects of the International Exhibition of 1876, has invited and 
recommended the appointment of Centennial State Boards in the several States and Ter- 
ritories, and it is hoped that, where organized, they will greatly encourage and facilitate 
the work of the Commission. 

The duty of the Centennial State Boards will be — 

1st. To disseminate information regarding the Exhibition. 

2d. To secure the co-operation of industrial, scientific, agricultural, and other associa- 
tions in their Districts. 

3d. To appoint co-operative local committees, representing the different industries of 
their Districts. 

4th. To stimulate lccal action on all measures intended to render the Exhibition suc- 
cessful and a worthy representation of the industries of the country. 

5th. To encourage the production of articles suitable for exhibition. 

6th. To distribute documents issued by the Commission among the manufacturers and 
others in their Districts interested in the Exhibition. 

7th. To render assistance in furthering the financial and other interests of the Exhibi- 
tion, and to furnish information to the Commission on subjects that may be referred to 
them. 

Announcements or regulations heretofore issued to State Boards inconsistent with the 
duties herein specified are recalled. 

All publications made or authorized by State Boards should be strictly in harmony with 
the rules, regulations, and general plans of the Commission, and copies of the same should 
be filed with the Director-General. 

The officer designated by each Board to correspond with the Commission will apply to 
the Director-General for further infoimation when desired. 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director-General. 

J. L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 

Philadelphia, September, 1874. 



APPENDIX B. 



53 



[No. 76.] Official 



UNITED STATES TREASURY REGULATIONS. F ° rms ' 

1874. 

[Replaced by No. 148, which see.] 



[No. 83.] 
OPINION OF THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

Department of Justice, 
Washington, November 27, 1874. 

Hon. C. Delano, Secretary of the Inte7'ior : 

Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of November 4, 1874, 
and the papers transmitted therewith, to wit, copies of the following documents : a letter 
addressed to the Secretary of State, of date of 1 6th of September, 1874, by Baron Schwarz 
Senborn, Minister of Austria-Hungary; a letter addressed to the Secretary of the Interior 
(dated November 2, 1874) by Hon. Alfred T. Goshorn, Director-General of the Interna- 
tional Exhibition, 1876; and a communication fr m Hon. John L. Shoemaker, Counsellor 
and Solicitor for the Centennial Commission, addressed to the Director-General of the Ex- 
hibition. These papers all relate to the subject of your letter, and to the question upon 
which you request of me an expression of opinion ; that question is, — Whether the goods 
of foreign exhibitors, sent to the International Exhibition, to be inaugurated at Philadel- 
phia, May 10, 1876, "will be free from seizure by the creditors of the United States Cen- 
tennial Commission and Centennial Board of Finance," so that they (the foreign exhibi- 
tors) may not lose their property, or have difficulty in " removing the same." The laws 
which have been passed concerning the " International Exhibition" are: the Acts of Con- 
gress, approved March 3, 1871 (16 Stats., 470), and June 2, 1872 (17 Stats., 202), also the 
Acts of the Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania, passed June 2, 1871 (Laws of Pennsyl- 
vania for 1871, p. 131 1), and March 27, 1873 (Laws of Pennsylvania for 1873, p. 56). 
Upon a careful reading of these statutes I find in them no provision giving to the Centen- 
nial Commission or to any corporation or association of persons, connected with the 
management of the Exhibition, any property interest in the goods of the exhibitors. These 
persons and bodies corporate will have no ownership in the goods. They will be, at most, 
depositories or bailees, having the temporary custody of the goods for the purpose of the 
exhibitors. The relations of all parties to the goods upon their admission to the Exhibi- 
tion will be governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 

In that State, as everywhere, it is true generally that the property of one cannot be 
taken for the debt or liability of another. There must be in the debtor ownership or an 
estate in the thing to enable the creditor to execute his process upon it. 

The law of Pennsylvania is very careful to protect the rights of persons to their property 
which is in the hands of others, and holds only that which the debtor owns answerable for 
his debts. The reports of her highest tribunal abound with cases which, under a great 
variety of circumstances, show the prevalence of this general rule. That court has decided 
that a sheriff is liable in damages as a trespasser, at the suit of the real owner, for levying 
an attachment upon goods in the possession of another, and making a return upon the writ 
that they were "attached," although there was no "manual handling" of the goods by 
the sheriff nor removal of tkem. Other cases, showing the strictness of the rule, are: 
Spangler vs. Adams of Martin, 16 Serg. and R., 68; Com vs. Watmough, 6 Whar., 1 16; 
Bank vs. Jones, 42 Penn., 536, — same case, 44 Penn., 253. Under the law of Pennsylvania, 
as shown by these cases, it is very clear that the goods of the exhibitors will be free from all 
liability to seizure, upon demands against the Commission, for which no superior lien can 



i8 7 4. 



: 4 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official be claimed. The classes of obligations for the satisfaction of which liens attach to real 

estate and sometimes to the personal property found on it, are taxes, rent, and the claims of 
mechanics, material men, and laborers upon buildings or structures to the erection of which 
they have contributed skill, materials, or labor. By the law of Pennsylvania the personal 
property of the tenant or occupier of real estate, upon which taxes are assessed, is liable to 
be distrained for those taxes, but the goods of others in the possession of the tenant, and 
found upon the premises, are exempt. 2d Brightly's Purdon's Digest of the Laws of 
Pennsylvania, 1370, Sec. 90, of the Tax Laws. See Moore vs. Marsh et al., 60 Penn., 
46. As to rent, it is well settled by repeated decisions of the Supreme Court of that State 
that the goods of strangers, in the possession of the tenant, are privileged from seizure fcr 
rent due upon the premises, where the course of the tenant's business must of necessity 
give him such possessions. For the benefit of trade, and for the public convenience and 
advantage, the goods of third persons put in the way of business upon rented premises are 
protected from distress for rent. It would not be less prejudicial to the public than unjust 
to the owner were his property liable to be seized for the duties of those through whose 
hands, in the current of the world's business, it must pass. Brown vs. Sims, 17 Serg. & 
R., 138; Riddle vs. Welden, 5 Watts, 9; Cadwalader vs. Tindall, 20 Penn.; Briggs vs. 
Large, 30 Penn., 287. In Brown vs. Sims, it was said by Chief- Justice Gibson that "the 
right" to distrain the property of a stranger " rests on no principle of reason or justice," 
and that the exceptions would in the end eat out the rule. The principle upon which he rests 
these exceptions, viz., the public convenience and advantage, is present and dominant in the 
case under discussion. It is for the convenience and advantage, and, I will add, for the 
good name and honor of the whole nation, but particularly of the City of Philadelphia and 
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, that the property of all exhibitors, especially those 
from abroad, should be free from all liability for the debts of those who are to control and 
manage the Exhibition, whether those debts be for taxes, rent, or any obligations what- 
soever. The claims of mechanics, material men, and laborers, who contribute skill, mate- 
rials, and labor in the erection of the buildings, can be made liens upon them, but those 
liens cannot be extended so as to attach the goods placed in the buildings. Section I, 2, 
18 of the Mechanic's Lien Act, 2d Brightly's Purd. Dig., p. 1025, as regards liability for 
rent and taxes. I have considered the question as if the ground on which the buildings 
are to be erected for the Centennial Exhibition and the buildings also were subject to taxa- 
tion, and the Commission having the control of the Exhibition a tenant owing rent to 
the owner of the premises; this is, however, far from the fact. The ground is public prop- 
erty, owned by the City of Philadelphia, and is not, as I understand, subject to taxation. 
It is freely tendered by that municipality to the use of those who, by law, will manage and 
control the Exhibition, and they are not considered to be in the situation of tenants owing 
rent to a landlord. 

For the reasons above set forth, I am clear in the opinion that the goods of those who 
shall appear as exhibitors at the " International Exhibition" will, under the laws of Penn- 
sylvania, be entirely free from liability to seizure for any debts, claims, or demands, what- 
soever, against the Centennial Commission, or any other corporate body, person, or associa- 
tion of persons having to do with said Exhibition. I cannot conceive of any risk, from 
this source, of the loss of their goods by foreign exhibitors, nor of any difficulty they will 
meet with in removing their property. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

(Signed) GEORGE H. WILLIAMS, Attorney-General. 



APPENDIX B. 



55 



1874-5. 



[No. 91.] Official 

OPINION OF THE COUNSELLOR OF THE COMMISSION. 

Philadelphia, October 10, 1874. 
Hon. Alfred T. Goshorn, Director- General : 

Sir, — In answer to your communication inclosing and asking a legal opinion upon the 
following extract of a letter from His Excellency the Austrian Minister, viz. : " Whether, 
in the event of the failure of the Exhibition pecuniarily, an event which it is hoped and 
expected will not occur, the foreign goods sent to the Exhibition will be held free from 
seizure by the creditors of the Centennial Exhibition Commission and Committee, so that 
the foreign exhibitors may not lose their property, or have difficulty in removing the 
same." 

I would state that the Act of Congress, approved June 1, 1872, provides that "all con- 
tracts made in any State for the purpose of the Centennial International Exhibition shall 
be subject to the laws thereof." The officers of the Commission and Board of Finance 
are in the State of Pennsylvania; there all the applications for space and privileges to 
exhibit are and must be made, no charge or claim being incurred therefor. The goods will 
be delivered to the Exhibition in that State, — neither the Commission or Board of Finance 
have any ownership in them, — they remain the property of the owner, and are deposited 
under the regulations of the Commission, to which the owners agree. 

The law of Pennsylvania is well settled that goods thus deposited and placed on exhi- 
bition are free from seizure, and are not liable for the debts of the person or corporation 
thus receiving them. 

The buildings are erected upon grounds already belonging to the public. They are 
subject to no rent or taxation, and are therefore exempt from that class of superior liens. 
The buildings, too, will be a United States Bonded Warehouse, in which all foreign goods 
for exhibition only will be entered and allowed to be returned free of duty. 

I cannot imagine the possibility of such a claim being made, and am clearly of the 
opinion that if made it would be utterly invalid. 

Yours respectfully, 
(Signed) JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, 

Counsellor and Solicitor for the Centennial Commission. 

We concur in the foregoing opinion. 

(Signed) HENRY M. PHILLIPS, 

BENJAMIN HARRIS BREWSTER. 
October 13, 1874. 



OPINION OF THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF THE STATE OF 
PENNSYLVANIA. 
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Office of Attorney-General. 

Harrisburg, March 3, 1875. 
To Hon. Alfred T. Goshorn, Director- General of the United States Centennial Inter- 
national Exhibition : 
Sir, — In reply to your communication in which you state in substance that rumors have 
been circulated that in the event of financial embarrassment of the Centennial Exhibition 
the goods sent by exhibitors thereto would be liable to seizure by its creditors, and desiring 
my opinion in relation thereto. Upon what grounds this rumor is based I am unable to 
comprehend. 

The buildings are erected upon public grounds, and I am informed are exempt from 
taxation and rent, and no charge is made for space occupied by exhibitors. 

There is no law of this State, in my opinion, that would subject the goods of exhibitors 



i8 7 ^ 



56 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official to liability for the indebtedness, if any should exist, of the Centennial Exhibition. As this 

rumor will command little if any consideration at home, but may excite attention abroad, 
I deem it proper to say that the owner of such goods will enjoy the same protection there- 
for as by the Constitution and laws of this State is afforded and given to her own citizens 
in the protection of like property. The right of property, its possession, enjoyment, and 
protection is one of the indefeasible rights expressly guaranteed by the Constitution of this 
State to all men. No distinction is made ; whether the owner be a citizen or foreigner, 
the right is common to all, and secured by the laws of the State to all. No man's property 
can be invaded or taken except by due process of law, — by authority of law, — and there 
is no law of Pennsylvania whose authority could be invoked, in my opinion, to authorize 
the taking of the goods of exhibitors at the Centennial Exhibition to satisfy the creditors, if 
any there should be, of such exhibitors. 

With great respect, your obedient servant, 
(Signed) SAMUEL E. DIMMICK, Attorney- General. 



[No. 92.] 
SYSTEM OF AWARDS. 

First. Awards shall be based upon written reports attested by the signatures of their 
authors. 

Second. Two hundred Judges shall be appointed to make such reports, one-half of 
whom shall be foreigners and one-half citizens of the United States. They will be selected 
for their known qualifications and character, and will be experts in departments to which 
they will be respectively assigned. The foreign members .of this body will be appointed 
by the Commission of each country, and in conformity with the distribution and allotment 
to each, which will be hereafter announced. The Judges from the United States will be 
appointed by the Centennial Commission. 

Third. The sum of one thousand dollars will be paid to each commissioned Judge 
for personal expenses. 

Fourth. Reports and awards shall be based upon inherent and comparative merit. 
The elements of merit shall be held to include consideration relating to originality, inven- 
tion, discovery, utility, quality, skill, workmanship, fitness for the purposes intended, adapta 
tion to public wants, economy, and cost. 

Fifth. Each report will be delivered to the Centennial Commission as soon as com- 
pleted, for final award and publication. 

Sixth. Awards will be finally decreed by the United States Centennial Commission, 
in compliance with the Act of Congress, and will consist of a diploma with a uniform 
Bronze Medal and a special report of the Judges on the subject of the award. 

Seventh. Each Exhibitor will have the right to reproduce and publish the report 
awarded to him, but the U. S. Centennial Commission reserves the right to publish and 
dispose of all reports in the manner it thinks best for public information, and also to em- 
body and distribute the reports as records of the Exhibition. 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director General 

JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 
Philadelphia, April 14, 1875. 



APPENDIX B. 



57 



[No. 93.] Official 

PROPOSALS FOR THE PRIVILEGE OF TAKING AND SELLING 



PHOTOGRAPHS. 

Photographers are invited to send to the President of the Centennial Board of Finance, 
904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, on or before May 12, 1875, proposals for the privilege of 
taking and selling photographs within the International Exhibition of 1876. 

1. Proposals will be received for the privilege of taking general views of the Exhi- 
bition grounds, and of the interior and exterior of the Exhibition Buildings, with the right 
to sell the photographs at such places as may be designated by the United States Centen- 
nial Commission. 

2. The privilege will include the right to take portraits within the limits of the Exhi- 
bition grounds. 

3. The privilege of taking photographs of objects on exhibition will be permitted 
only on the written assent of the exhibitor, approved by the Director-General of the Cen- 
tennial Commission. 

4. All buildings (the plans and location of which must be approved by the Director- 
General), furniture, and apparatus necessary for taking said photographs shall be supplied 
at the cost of the contractors. 

5. Proposals will state the terms and conditions for — 

First. The exclusive privilege for taking general views and portraits. 

Second. The privilege for taking general views and portraits, if granted to not more 

than three parties. 
Third. For general views only. 

a. Exclusive privilege. 

b. If granted to not more than three parties. 
Fourth. For portraits only. 

a. Exclusive privilege. 

b. If granted to not more than three parties. 

In each case the proposal will include the right to sell the photographs taken. 

6. The party or parties to whom the privilege is granted will be required to observe 
the rules and regulations established from time to time for the government of the Exhi- 
bition. 

7. The Centennial Board of Finance expressly reserves the right to reject any or all 
propositions that may be made in answer to this circular. 

8. Proposals should be indorsed " Proposals for taking and selling Photographs." 

JOHN WELSH, Prest. Centennial Board of Finance. 
A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 



1875. 



[No. 96.] 
PROPOSALS FOR THE SALE OF SODA AND OTHER AERATED WATERS. 

1. Proposals will be received on or before the 1st day of June, 1875, for the privilege 
of selling Soda and other Aerated Waters in the International Exhibition of 1876. 

2. Proposals will state the terms and conditions — 
First. For the exclusive privilege. 

a. A gross sum. 

b. A percentage on gross receipts. 

Second. For the privilege if granted to not more than three parties. 

a. A gross sum. 

b. A percentage on gross receipts. 



1875- 



58 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official Third. The name of the waters and the price that will be charged per glass. 

3. Sufficient security will be required for the faithful performance of the contracts. 

4. All fountains, stands, counters, fittings, and apparatus will be supplied at the cost 
of the contractor. 

5. The dimensions of the fountains and stands, and style of decorations shall be sub- 
ject to the approval of the Director-General of the United States Centennial Commission. 

6. The Director-General will designate the locations in the several buildings of the 
Exhibition for the fountains and stands. 

7. The party or parties to whom the privilege is granted will be required to observe the 
rules and regulations established from time to time for the government of the Exhibition. 

8. Proposals must be addressed to the President of the Centennial Board of Finance, 
Philadelphia, and indorsed " Proposals for the sale of Soda and other Aerated Waters." 

9. The Centennial Board of Finance expressly reserves the right to reject any or all 
propositions made in answer to this circular. 

JOHN WELSH, President Centennial Board of Finance. 
A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 
Philadelphia, April 26, 1875. 



[No. 98.] 
PERMITS TO SELL ARTICLES MANUFACTURED BY EXHIBITING 
MACHINES AND PROCESSES. 

Permission for the privilege to sell articles actually manufactured in the Exhibition will 
be granted on the following conditions : 

1st. Special application must be made to the Director-General of the Centennial Com- 
mission for the privilege on the forms provided for the purpose. 

2d. The privilege will be granted only on approval of the application by the Director- 
General. 

3d. Articles offered for sale under the permit must be actually manufactured in the 
Exhibition by the machine or process to which the privilege is granted. 

4th. The party to whom the permit is granted will be required to pay to the Centennial 
Board of Finance a sum equal to fifteen per cent, of the gross receipts from the sales. 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 

JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 
Philadelphia, April 30, 1875. 



[No. 99.] 
PERMIT TO SELL ARTICLES MANUFACTURED IN THE EXHIBITION. 

1. Description of the manufacturing machine or process. 

2. The character of the materials and supplies to be used in manufacturing. 

3. The kind and amount of power required. 

4. Kind and amount of space required. 

5. Number of employees. 

The conditions on which this permit is granted are— 

First. The sale only of articles actually manufactured in the Exhibition by the machine 
or process described. 

Second. Sales without solicitation and direct delivery to the purchaser at the place of 
manufacture. 



APPENDIX B. 59 

Third. Payment of a sum equal to fifteen per cent, of the gross receipts from such sales Official 
to the Treasurer of the Centennial Board of Finance, in the manner that may be prescribed i8 ° rms ' 
by said Board. 

Fourth. Observance of the rules and regulations established from time to time for the 
government of the Exhibition. 

Fifth. The right of the Director-General to revoke the permit in case the manufacture 
or sale become objectionable, or for non-compliance with these conditions. 
(To be signed in duplicate.) 



Approved. 

Director- General. 
Philadelphia, April 30, 1875. 



[No. 104.] 
GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR FOREIGN EXHIBITORS. 

The Congress of the United States of America has provided for the holding of an 
Exhibition of Arts) Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine. A proclamation by 
the President, issued July 4, 1873, announced the Exhibition and commended it to all 
nations. 

Upon the nomination of the Governors of the States and Territories of the United 
States the President has appointed Commissioners to represent each State and Territory 
in the United States Centennial Commission. This Commission has been charged with 
the duty of perfecting and carrying out the plan for holding the Exhibition. 

Its officers are : 

President, Joseph R. Hawley, Connecticut. 

Vice-Presidents. 

Thomas H. Coldwell, Tennessee. 



Orestes Cleveland, New Jersey. 
John D. Creigh, California. 
Robert Lowry, Iowa. 



John McNeil, Missouri. 
Wm. Gurney, South Carolina. 



Director- General, Alfred T. Goshorn, Ohio. 

Secretary, John L. Campbell, Indiana. 

Counsellor and Solicitor, John L. Shoemaker, Philadelphia. 

f Myer Asch, Philadelphia. 
Assistant Secretaries, \ -^ ~ , ™ M * , ,. 

I Dorsey Gardner, Philadelphia. 

Executive Committee. 



Daniel J. Morrell, Pennsylvania. 
Alfred T. Goshorn, Ohio. 
N. M. Beckwith, New York. 
Alexander R. Boteler, West Virginia. 
Richard C. McCormick, Arizona. 
John Lynch, Louisiana. 



Charles P. Kimball, Maine. 

Samuel F. Phillips, North Carolina. 0000 

George B. Loring, Massachusetts. 

Frederick L. Matthews, Illinois. 

Wm. Phipps Blake, Connecticut. 

Jas. E. Dexter, District of Columbia. 



J. T. Bernard, Florida. 
Secretary of the Executive Committee, Myer Asch, Philadelphia. 
The Exhibition will be held in Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia, and will 



Rule I. 

Duration of 



be opened on the 10th day of Mr.y, 1876, and closed on the 10th of November following, the Exhibition 



6o 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Rule II. 
Organization 
of exhibits. 

Allotment of 
space. 

Rule III. 

Applications 
for space. 

Rule IV. 



Rule V. 



Custom-house 
regulations. 



Rule VI. 
Delivery and 
removal of 
goods. 

Rule VII. 

Reception of 
goods. 

Rule VIII. 

Forfeiture of 
space. 

Rule IX. 

Rule X. 

Official 
Catalogue. 



All Governments have been invited to appoint Commissions, for the purpose of organ- 
izing their departments of the Exhibition. The Director-General should be notified of the 
appointment of such Foreign Commissions before January 1, 1875. 

Full diagrams of the buildings and grounds will be furnished to the Foreign Commis- 
sions on or before February 1, 1875, indicating the localities to be occupied by each nation, 
subject, however, to revision and readjustment. 

Applications for space and negotiations relative thereto must be conducted with the 
Commission of the country where the article is produced. 

Foreign Commissions are requested to notify the Director-General, not later than June 
1, 1875, whether they desire any increase or diminution of the space offered them, and the 
amount. 

Before December 1, 1875, tne Foreign Commissions must furnish the Director-General 
with approximate plans showing the manner of allotting the space assigned to them, and 
also with lists of their exhibitors, and other information necessary for the preparation of the 
Official Catalogue. 

Products brought into the United States, at the ports of New York, Boston, Portland, 
Me., Burlington, Vt., Suspension Bridge, N. Y., Detroit, Port Huron, Mich., Chicago, 
Philadelphia, Baltimore, Norfolk, New Orleans, and San Francisco, intended for display 
at the International Exhibition, will be allowed to go forward to the Exhibition buildings, 
under proper supervision of customs officers, without examination at such ports of original 
entry, and at the close of the Exhibition will be allowed to go forward to the port from 
which they are to be exported. No duties will be levied upon such goods, unless entered 
for consumption in the United States. 

The transportation, receiving, unpacking, and arranging of the products for exhibition 
will be at the expense of the exhibitor. 

The installation of heavy articles requiring special foundations or adjustment should, 
by special arrangement, begin as soon as the progress of the work upon the buildings will 
permit. The general reception of articles at the Exhibition buildings will commence on 
January 5, 1876, and no articles will be admitted after April 10, 1876. 

Space assigned to Foreign Commissions and not occupied on the 1st of April, 1876, 
will revert to the Director-General for re-assignment. 

If products are not intended for competition, it must be so stated by the exhibitor; and 
they will be excluded from the examination by the International Juries. 

An Official Catalogue will be published in four distinct versions, — viz., English, French, 
German, and Spanish. The sale of Catalogues is reserved to the Centennial Commission. 

The seven departments of the classification which will determine the relative location 
of articles in the Exhibition, — except in such collective exhibitions as may receive special 
sanction, — and also the arrangement of names in the Catalogue, are as follows : 



Rule XI. 

Rule XII. 

Charges and 
exemptions. 



I. Mining. 
II. Manufactures. 

III. Edtication and Science. 

IV. Art. 

V. Machinery. 
V I . Agriculture. 
VII. Hortiadture. 
Foreign Commissions may publish Catalogues of their respective sections. 
Exhibitors will not be charged for space. 

A limited quantity of steam- and water-power will be supplied gratuitously. The 
quantity of each will be settled definitely at the time of the allotment of space. Any 
power required by the exhibitor in excess of that allowed will be furnished by the Cen- 
tennial Commission at a fixed price. Demands for such excess of power must also be 
settled at the time of the allotment of space. 



APPENDIX B. 6 r 

Exhibitors must provide at their own cost, all show-cases, shelving, counters, fittings, etc., Rule XIII. 
which they may require ; and all countershafts, with their pulleys, belting, etc., for the trans- 
mission of power from the main shafts in the Machinery Hall. All arrangements of articles 
and decorations must be in conformity with the general plan adopted by the Director-General. 

Special constructions of any kind, whether in the buildings or grounds, can only be 
made upon the written approval of the Director-General. 

The Centennial Commission will take precautions for the safe preservation of all objects Responsibility 

in the Exhibition ; but it will in no way be responsible for damage or loss of any kind, or or sa ety 

goods, 
for accidents by fire or otherwise, however originating. 

Favorable facilities will be arranged by which exhibitors or Foreign Commissions may r UL e XIV. 
insure their own goods. 

Foreign Commissions may employ watchmen of their own choice to guard their goods 
during the hours the Exhibition is open to the public. Appointments of such watchmen 
will be subject to the approval of the Director-General. 

Foreign Commissions, or such agents as they may designate, shall be responsible for Rule XV. 
the receiving, unpacking, and arrangement of objects, as well as for their removal at the Exhibitors' 
close of the Exhibition ; but no person shall be permitted to act as such agent until he can agen s * 
give to the Director-General written evidence of his having been approved by the proper 
Commission. 

Each package must be addressed " To the Commission for \_Name of Country] at the Rule XVI. 
International Exhibition of 1876, Philadelphia, United States of America," and should 
have at least two labels affixed to different but not opposite sides of each case, and giving 
the following information : 

(1) The country from which it comes; (2) name or firm of the exhibitor; (3) resi- Rule XVII. 
dence of the exhibitor; (4) department to which objects belong; (5) total number of 
packages sent by that exhibitor ; (6) serial number of that particular package. 

Within each package should be a list of all objects it contains. Rule XVIII. 

If no authorized person is at hand to receive goods on their arrival at the Exhibition Rule XIX. 
building, they will be removed without delay, and stored at the cost and risk of whomso- 
ever it may concern. 

Articles that are in any way dangerous or offensive, also patent medicines, nostrums, Rule XX. 
and empirical preparations whose ingredients are concealed, will not be admitted to the Excluded 
Exhibition. articles - 

The removal of goods will not be permitted prior to the close of the Exhibition. Rule XXI. 

Sketches, drawings, photographs, or other reproductions of articles exhibited will only Rule XXII. 
be allowed upon the joint assent of the exhibitor and the Director-General; but views of Reproduction 
portions of the building may be made upon the Director-General's sanction. of articles - 

Immediately after the close of the Exhibition exhibitors shall remove their effects, and r ule XXIII. 
complete such removal before December 31, 1876. Goods then remaining will be removed Removal of 
by the Director-General and sold for expenses, or otherwise disposed of under the direction S° ods - 
of the Centennial Commission. 

Each person who becomes an exhibitor thereby acknowledges and undertakes to keep Rule XXIV. 
the rules and regulations established for the government of the Exhibition. Acknowledg- 

Special regulations will be issued concerning the exhibition of fine arts, the organiza- ment ° f rules ' 
tion of international juries, awards of prizes, and sales of special articles within the build- 
ings, and on other points not touched upon in these preliminary instructions. 

Communications concerning the Exhibition should be addressed to "The Director- Rule XXV. 
General, International Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A." 

The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these regulations, 
whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interests of the Exhibition. 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 
JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 

Philadelphia, May 22, 1875. 



62 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



National 

Centennial 

Celebration 

and 
International 
Exhibition. 

United States 

Centennial 

Commission. 



[No. 105.] 

GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR EXHIBITORS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

An Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, provided for the national celebration of 
the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States, by the holding 
of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine. A Procla- 
mation by the President, issued July 4, 1873, announced the Exhibition and National Cele- 
bration, and commended them to the people of the United States and of all nations. 

The Act of Congress provided for the organization of the United States Centennial 
Commission, " whose duty it shall be to prepare and superintend the execution of a plan 
for holding the Exhibition." Upon the nomination of the Governors of the several States 
and Territories, the President appointed the members of the Centennial Commission, as 
follows : 



ity 



Paul 



States and Territories. Commissioners, and Address. 
Alabama .... 

Arizona Richard C. McCormick, Washington, D. C 

Arkansas .... George W. Lawrence, Hot Springs 

California .... J. Dunbar Creigh, San Francisco 

Colorado .... J. Marshall Paul, Fair Play . . 

Connecticut . . . Joseph R. Hawley, Hartford 

Dakota J. A. Burbank, Bonhomme County 

Delaware .... Henry F. Askew, Wilmington 

District of Columbia James E. Dexter, Washington 

Florida J. S. Adams, Jacksonville 

Georgia George Hillyer, Atlanta 

Idaho ..... Thomas Donaldson, Boise C 

Illinois F. L. Mathews, Carlinville 

Indiana . . . . . J. L. Campbell, Crawfordsville 

Iowa Robert Lowry, Davenport 

Kansas John A. Martin, Atchison 

Kentucky .... Robert Mallory, LaGrange 

Louisiana .... John Lynch, New Orleans 

Maine Joshua Nye, Augusta . . 

Maryland .... James T. Earle, Centreville 

Massachusetts . . George B. Loring, Salem . 

Michigan .... James Birney, Bay City . 

Minnesota .... J. Fletcher Williams, St 

Mississippi . . . . O. G. French, Jackson 

Missouri .... John McNeil, St. Louis 

Montana . . . . J. P. Woolman, Helena 

Nebraska .... Henry S. Moody, Omaha 

Nevada W. W. McCoy, Eureka 

New Hampshire . . Ezekiel A. Straw, Manchester 

New Jersey . . . Orestes Cleveland, Jersey C 

New Mexico . . . Eldridge W. Little, Santa Fe . . 

New York . . . . N. M. Beckwith, New York City 

North Carolina . . Samuel F. Phillips, Washington C 

Ohio Alfred T. Goshorn, Philadelphia 

Oregon J. W. Virtue, Baker City . . . 

Pennsylvania . . . Daniel J. Morrell, Johnstown 

Rhode Island . . . George H. Corliss, Providence . 

South Carolina . . William Gurney, Charleston . . 

Tennessee .... Thomas H. Coldwell, Shelbyville 

Texas W. H. Parsons, Houston . . . 

Utah ...... John H. Wickizer, Salt Lake City 

Vermont .... Middleton Goldsmith, Rutland . 

Virginia F. W. M. Holliday, Richmond . 

Washington Territory, Elwood Evans, Olympia . . . 

West Virginia . . . Alexander R. Boteler, Shepherdstown 

Wisconsin .... David Atwood, Madison . 

Wyoming .... Joseph M. Carey, Cheyenne 



Alternates, and Address. 
James L. Cooper, Huntsville. 
John Wasson, Tucson. 
G. C. Dodge, Little Rock. 
Benjamin P. Kooser, Santa Cruz. 
N. C. Meeker, Greeley. 
William P. Blake, New Haven. 
Solomon L. Spink, Yankton. 
John H. Rodney, New Castle. 
Lawrence A. Gobright, Washington. 
J. T. Bernard, Tallahassee. 
Richard Peters, Jr., Atlanta. 
Christopher W. Moore, Boise City. 
Lawrence Weldon, Bloomington. 
Franklin C. Johnson, New Albany. 
Coker F. Clarkson, Eldora. 
George A. Crawford, Fort Scott. 
Smith M. Hobbs, Mount Washington. 
Edward Penington, Philadelphia. 
Charles P. Kimball, Portland. 
S. M. Shoemaker, Baltimore. 
William B. Spooner, Boston. 
Claudius B. Grant, Houghton. 
W. W. Folwell, Minneapolis. 
E. D. Frost. 

Samuel Hays, St. Louis. 
Patrick A. Largey, Virginia City. 
R. W. Furnas, Brownsville. 
James W. Haines, Genoa. 
Asa P. Cate, Northheld. 
John G. Stevens, Trenton. 
Stephen B. Elkins, Washington, D. C. 
Charles H. Marshall, New York City. 
J. W. Albertson, Hertford. 
Wilson W. Griffith, Toledo. 
A. J. Dufur, Portland. 
Asa Packer, Mauch Chunk. 
R. C. Taft, Providence. 
Archibald Cameron, Charleston. 
William F. Prosser, Nashville. 
Juhn C. Chew, New York. 
Wm. Haydon, Salt Lake City. 
Henry Chase, Lyndon. 
Edmund R. Bagwell. Onancock. 
Alexander S. Abernethy, Cowlitz County, 
Andrew J. Sweeney, Wheeling. 
Edward D. Holton, Milwaukee. 
Robert H. Lamborn, Philadelphia. 



APPENDIX B. 63 



The officers of the Commission for the year 1875-76 are : 

President, Joseph R. Hawley, Connecticut. 
Vice-Presidents, 



Orestes Cleveland, New Jersey. 
John D. Creigh, California. 
Robert Lowry, Iowa. 



Thomas H. Coldwell, Tennessee. 
John McNeil, Missouri. 
Wm. Gurney, South Carolina. 



Director- General, Alfred T. Goshorn, Ohio. 

Secretary, John L. Campbell, Indiana. 

Counsellor and Solicitor, John L. Shoemaker, Philadelphia 

r Myer Asch, Philadelphia, 
Assista-nt Secretaries, < „ ~ j ™_-y j 1 t.- 

( Dorsey Gardner, Philadelphia. 



Executive Committee. 



Daniel J. Morrell, Pennsylvania. 
Alfred T. Goshorn, Ohio. 
N. M. Beckwith, New York. 
Alexander R. Boteler, West Virginia. 
Richard C. McCormick, Arizona. 
John Lynch, Louisiana. 



Charles P. Kimball, Maine. 
Samuel F. Phillips, North Carolina. 
George B. Loring, Massachusetts. 
Frederick L. Matthews, Illinois. 
William Phipps Blake, Connecticut. 
James E. Dexter, District of Columbia. 



Finance. 



Duration of the 
Exhibition. 



J. T. Bernard, Florida. 
Secretary of the Executive Committee, Myer Asch, Philadelphia. 

By a further Act of Congress, approved June I, 1872, there was created the Centennial Centennial 
Board of Finance, which is charged with the financial administration of the preparation Board of 
for the Exhibition. This Board was duly organized on April 23, 1873, D Y tne election of 
a Board of twenty-five Directors. The officers of the Board of Finance for 1874-75 are: 

President, John Welsh, Philadelphia. 

Vice-Presidents. 

William Sellers, Philadelphia. John S. Barbour, Virginia. 

Secretary and Treasurer, Frederick Fraley, Philadelphia. 

The Exhibition will be held at Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia, and will Rule 
be opened on the 10th day of May, 1876, and closed on the 10th day of November fol- 
lowing. 

The seven departments of the classification which will determine the relative location 
of articles in the Exhibition, — except in such collective exhibitions as may receive special 
sanction, — and also the arrangement of names in the Catalogue, are as follows : 
I. Mining. 
II. Manufactures. 

III. Education and Science. 

IV. Art. 
V. Machinery. 

VI. Agriculture. 

VII. Horticulture. 

Applications for space and negotiations relative thereto should be addressed to the 
Director-General, International Exhibition, Philadelphia, Penna. for Space 

Exhibitors will not be charged for space. Rule III 

A limited quantity of steam- and water-power will be supplied gratuitously. The Charges and 
quantity of each will be settled definitely at the time of the allotment of space. Any Exem P tions - 
power required by the Exhibitor in excess of that allowed will be furnished by the Com- 



RULE II. 

Application 



6 4 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Rule IV. 



Rule V. 

Responsibility 
for safety of 
goods. 

Rule VI. 



Rule VII. 
Exhibitor's 
agents. 
Rule VIII. 

Delivery and 
removal of 
goods. 
Rule IX. 
Reception of 
goods. 

Rule X. 
Forfeiture of 
space. 

Rule XI. 

Rule XII. 



Rule XIII. 

Excluded 

articles. 

Rule XIV. 

Rule XV. 
Reproduction 
of articles. 

Rule XVI. 
Removal of 
goods. 



Rule XVII. 
Acknowledg- 
ment of rules. 



Rule XVIII. 
Official Cata- 
logue. 

Rule XIX. 



mission at a fixed price. Demands for such excess of power must also be settled at the 
time of the allotment of space. 

Exhibitors must provide at their own cost all show-cases, shelving, counters, fittings, 
etc., which they may require; and all countershafts, with their pulleys, belting, etc., for the 
transmission of power from the main shafts in Machinery Hall. All arrangements of 
articles and decorations must be in conformity with the general plan adopted by the 
Director-General. 

Special constructions of any kind, whether in the buildings or grounds, can only be 
made upon the written approval of the Director-General. 

The Commission will take precautions for the safe preservation of all articles in the 
Exhibition ; but it will in no way be responsible for damage or loss of any kind, or for 
accidents by fire or otherwise, however originating. 

Favorable facilities will be arranged by which exhibitors may insure their own goods. 

Exhibitors may employ watchmen of their own choice to guard their goods during the 
hours the Exhibition is open to the public. Appointments of such watchmen will be sub- 
ject to the approval of the Director-General. 

Exhibitors, or such agents as they may designate, shall be responsible for the receiving, 
unpacking, and arrangement of objects, as well as for their removal at the close of the 
Exhibition. 

The transportation, receiving, unpacking, and arranging of the products for the Exhibi- 
tion will be at the expense of the exhibitor. 

The installation of heavy articles requiring foundations should, by special arrangement, 
begin as soon as the progress of the work upon the buildings will permit. The general 
reception of articles at the Exhibition buildings will commence on January 5, 1876, and 
no articles will be admitted after April 10, 1876. 

Space not occupied on the 1st of April, 1876, will revert to the Director-General for 
re-assignment. 

If products are not intended for competition, it must be so stated by the exhibitor; and 
they will be excluded from the examination by the International Juries. 

If no authorized person is at hand to receive goods on their arrival at the Exhibition 
building, they will be removed without delay, and stored at the cost and risk of whomso- 
ever it may concern. 

Articles that are in any way dangerous or offensive, also patent medicines, nostrums, 
and empirical preparations whose ingredients are concealed, will not be admitted to the 
Exhibition. 

The removal of goods will not be permitted prior to the close of the Exhibition. 

Sketches, drawings, photographs, or other reproductions of articles exhibited, will only 
be allowed upon the joint assent of the exhibitor and the Director-General; but views of 
portions of the building may be made upon the Director-General's sanction. 

Immediately after the close of the Exhibition, exhibitors shall remove their effects, and 
complete such removal before December 31, 1876. Goods then remaining will be removed 
by the Director-General and sold for expenses, or otherwise disposed of under the direction 
of the Commission. 

Each person who becomes an exhibitor thereby acknowledges and undertakes to keep 
the rules and regulations established for the government of the Exhibition. 

Special regulations will be issued concerning the exhibition of fine arts, the organization 
of international juries, awards of prizes, the sale of special articles within the buildings, 
and on other points not touched upon in these preliminary instructions. 

An Official Catalogue will be published in four distinct versions, — viz., English, French, 
German, and Spanish. The sale of Catalogues is reserved to the Centennial Commission. 

Communications concerning the Exhibition should be addressed to "The Director-Gen- 
eral, International Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A." 



APPENDIX B. 65 

The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these regulations, Official 
whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interests of the Exhibition. orms, 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 
JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 
Philadelphia, May 22, 1875. 



[No. 106.] 
CORRESPONDENCE RELATIVE TO TRANSPORTING AMERICAN WORKS 
OF ART TO THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 

United States Centennial Commission. 
Philadelphia, May 8, 1875. 
HON. Columbus Delano, Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C. : 

Sir, — A number of American artists in Europe, and especially those at present in 
Italy, desiring to become exhibitors in the International Exhibition of 1876, have written 
to ascertain whether the Government of the United States will direct a naval vessel to call 
at certain ports for the purpose of receiving and transporting their contributions free to 
this country. Being citizens of the United States and intending to exhibit in the section 
assigned to the United States, they will not receive assistance or facilities to transport their 
works of art from the Government of the country where they may be temporarily residing. 
It would therefore seem proper, if consistent with the public service, that a vessel 
might be directed at least to call at certain ports in Italy, at a designated time, to receive 
the works of American artists intended for the Exhibition. I have the honor to submit 
this proposition for the consideration of the President and the Honorable the Secretary of 
the Navy, and shall be pleased to receive an early reply. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director. General. 

Department of the Interior. 
Washington, D. C, June 4, 1875. 
Sir, — Referring to your letter of the 8th ultimo, I have the honor to inclose a copy of 
one addressed to me, on the 3d instant, by the H n. Secretary of the Navy, stating that a 
naval vessel will be directed to call at certain ports in Europe for the purpose of receiving 
and transporting the contributions of such American artists as may desire to become 
exhibitors at the Centennial Exhibition of 1876. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

C. DELANO, Secretary. 
Hon. A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 

Navy Department. 
Washington, June 3, 1875. 
Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 10th ult., and 
the inclosure from the Director-General of the United States Centennial Commission, and 
to inform you that this Department will direct a naval vessel to call at certain ports in 
Europe for the purpose of receiving and transporting the contributions of such American 
artists as may desire to become exhibitors at the Centennial Exhibition of 1876. 

Very respectfully, 

G. M. ROBESON, Secretary of the Navy. 
Hon. COLUMBUS DELANO, Secretary of the Interior. 

5 



Official 
Forms, 



66 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



CIRCULAR TO EDITORS. 



1875. [No. 115.] 

To the Editor of the. , „ 

Sir, — The Centennial Commission has undertaken the preservation among its archives 
of publications bearing upon any celebrations of the Centennial period. If you will cause 
to be sent to this office copies of such articles appearing in your journal, or current issues 
of the latter, it will add to the completeness of the record, and the favor will be duly 
esteemed and acknowledged. 

Very respectfully yours, 

JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 



[No. 119.] 
PROPOSALS FOR THE PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL CATALOGUE. 

1. Proposals will be received on or before twelve o'clock, noon, the 15th day of Sep- 
tember, 1875, for the right to publish and sell the Official Catalogue of the International 
Exhibition of 1876, in the English language. Said Catalogue will be printed in four 
parts, as specified in the annexed circular of information. 

2. Proposals must state the terms and conditions : 

First. A gross sum for the publication and sale of the entire Catalogue; 
Second. A royalty, per copy of each part, on all sales of the Catalogue; or 
Third. A gross sum for the publication and sale of the first edition of 25,000 copies 
of each part, and a royalty, per copy, on all sales over and above this number. 

3. It must be understood that not more than 25,000 copies of either part of the Cata- 
logue shall be printed before the Catalogue is subjected to a thorough revision by the Cen- 
tennial Commission, and also that it shall be subject to further revisions from time to time, 
us may be deemed necessary. 

4. The publisher may insert in each of the four parts of the Catalogue 48 pages, and 
no more, of advertisements, — 24 pages at the beginning and 24 at the close of each part ; 
and also two pages of advertisements on each of the four covers, the first and second pages 
of each cover being reserved for the use of the Centennial Commission. The advertise 
ments will be subject to the written approval of the Director-General. 

5. Each of the four parts shall be sold singly to the public at the price of 25 cents pei 
part. 

6. All cop : es of the Catalogue must be printed upon paper equal in quality and weight 
to that upon which this circular is printed, and will conform with the annexed specimen 
pag :s in size and typographical arrangement. 

7. Each bidder is invited to submit, with his proposals, specimen pages bound in a 
volume of 300 pages, showing quality of paper, binding, and typography. 

8. Inasmuch as the furnishing of the manuscript for the Catalogue is liable to unavoid- 
able delays, and the first edition to material revisions, bidders must state their facilities for 
rapid executi n of work in case of urgency. Not less than 25,000 copies of each part 
must be ready for delivery at the opening of the Exhibition, May 10, 1876. 

9. The Contractor will be required to enter into such contract or contracts, with se- 
curity or securities for the faithful performance thereof, as may meet with the approval of 
the Centennial Board of Finance and the Director-Gen ;ral of the International Exhibition, 

10. Proposals must be addressed to the President of the Centennial Board of Finance. 
904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, and indorsed "Proposals for the Publication of the 
Official Catalogue." 



APPENDIX B. 67 

II. The Centennial Board of Finance expressly reserves the right to reject any or all Official 
propositions made in answer to this circular. Forms, 

JOHN WELSH, President Centennial Board of Finance. 
A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General U. S. Centennial Commission. 
Philadelphia, September 1, 1875. 



1875. 



INFORMATION CONCERNING THE OFFICIAL CATALOGUE. 

For the guidance of publishers desiring to estimate the cost and profits of the Official 
Catalogue, the following data have been compiled : 

1. The number of admissions at the Paris Exhibition of 1867 was 9,238,967, at the 
Vienna Exhibition of 1873 it was 6,740,511. Those who have examined the facilities of 
access to Philadelphia and the numbers of surrounding population, estimate the probable 
admissions at the Exhibition at 10,000,000. 

2. At the Paris Exhibition there were 42,217 exhibitors and 52,798 entries in the Cata- 
logue; at Vienna 43,611 exhibitors and 46,707 entries. The Paris Catalogue filled 1537 
pages, the Vienna 1028. Assuming that there will be 40,000 exhibitors and 50,000 entries 
at the Centennial Exhibition, and allowing 35 entries to a page, the Catalogue will consist 
of some 1200 pages. 

3. The Catalogue will be divided into four parts or volumes, containing enumerations 
of the objects in (1) the Main Building, (2) the Machinery Building, (3) the Art Gallery, 
and (4) the Agricultural and Horticultural Buildings, besides objects which, for special 
reasons, are not installed in the buildings, but will be enumerated in the appropriate 
volume. The parts will thus be of an average size of 300 pages, — not too large for a 
pocket edition. 

4. The delivery of the manuscript for the American department of the Catalogue will 
be commenced on or before December 1, 1875, an d continued as rapidly as possible. That 
for foreign departments is required of their Commissioners, by the general regulations, 
before December 1, 1875. ^ nas been the case, however, at previous exhibitions that 
unforeseen delays have occurred in receiving the foreign lists. 

5. The size and typographical arrangement determined upon for the Catalogue are 
indicated by the annexed specimen pages.* 



[No. 132.] 
CIRCULAR. 

Applications for space in the buildings and grounds of the International Exhibition of 
1876 must be made prior to October 30, 1875. 

This notice does not include applications for space for the exhibition of Live-Stock and 
Fruits. 

A. T, GOSHORN, Director- General. 
J. L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 

Philadelphia, October 1, 1875. 



[No. 137.] 
THE SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF JUDGES. 

REPORT OF HON. N. M. BECKWITH, COMMISSIONER FROM NEW YORK. 

At a regular meeting of the Executive Committee of the United States Centennial 
Commission, held at Philadelphia, October 13, 1875, Mr. Beckwith, Commissioner from 
New York (United States Commissioner-General at the International Exhibition at Paris, 

* Appended were specimens of the pages of the Official Catalogue. 



68 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official 1867), presented the following report upon the selection and appointment of Judges. It 

orms, was care f u i]y considered and unanimously approved. 

1875. 

REPORT. 
Honorable D. J. Morrell, Chairman of the Executive Committee : 

Sir, — In compliance with the request of the Executive Committee, I beg leave to pre- 
sent for consideration the following suggestions relating to the selection and appointment 
of Judges, in conformity with the method of awards decreed by the Centennial Commission. 

This method, in many respects, differs radically from the systems hitherto tried in 
International Exhibitions, and although the subject is familiar to you, I shall be pardoned, 
I hope, for briefly indicating the broad differences. 

Awards have heretofore been generally made by an International Jury of about 600 
members. 

The apportionment of jurors to countries has been tried on various bases, but was usually 
made on the basis of the relative space occupied by the products of each country respectively 
in the Exhibition. 

The Great Jury was divided into numerous small juries, who examined the products 
and prepared lists of the names of persons whom they proposed for awards, and the 
proposals thus made were confirmed or rejected by higher juries. 

The awards consisted chiefly of medals of different values, gold, silver, etc. 

This system brought together a numerous and incongruous assembly, including unavoid- 
ably many individuals unqualified for the work. 

The basis of representation was apparently fair, but its results were delusive. 

A few countries nearest the Exhibition, whose products could be collected and exposed 
at the smallest proportional expense, occupied large spaces; the numerous remote countries 
filled smaller spaces. 

The number of jurors allotted to the smaller spaces, when distributed, left them without 
jurors on most classes, and in the remainder with only a minority which, in voting on 
awards, had no weight, and the awards were thus in effect decreed by the few contiguous 
countries whose products filled the largest spaces. Written reports on the products were 
not usually made by juries, and if made, were not generally published, consequently no 
person outside of the jury was informed on what ground awards were made. 

The medals, when distributed, were as silent as the verdicts; moral responsibility for 
the decisions attached to no one, and the awards thus made conveyed as little useful 
information, and carried as little weight, as anonymous work usually carries. 

Medals. at best, are enigmas. They express nothing exactly and definitely relative to 
the products exhibited; their allegorical designs doubtless have a meaning in the mind of 
the artist who makes them, but allegorical designs are primitive and feeble language, and 
the medal of to-day is no more than its predecessor, a school-boy token, — verdicts upon 
products determined by majority votes of juries in which the producing countries are often 
represented by useless minorities, — awards based upon anonymous reports, or reports never 
published, and final decisions announced and recorded in the vague and mystic language 
of medals, have not proved satisfactory to producers nor to the public. As regards the 
diffusion of reliable and useful information, International Exhibitions have not come fully 
up to expectations and to the promise implied in the great labor and great expenses which 
they involved, and the wide-spread dissatisfaction which has uniformly followed the close 
of jury- work, affords in itself strong evidence that the system is not well adapted to the 
purposes of International Exhibitions. 

The method of awards adopted by the Centennial Commission differs from preceding 
systems. It dispenses with the International Jury and substitutes a body of 200 Judges, 
one-half foreign, chosen individually for their high qualifications. 

It dispenses, also, with the system of awar Is by graduated medals, and requires of the 



APPENDIX B. 



69 



Judges written reports on the inherent and comparative merits of each product thought Official 
worthy of an award, setting forth the properties and qualities, presenting the considerations Forms » 
forming the ground of the award, and avouching each report by the signature of their 
authors. 

The professional judgment and moral responsibility of the Judges being thus involved, 
assures the integrity of their reports. As awards to exhibitors, such reports will be more 
valuable than medals, in proportion to the greater amount of reliable information which 
they convey to the public. Their collected republication, as hand-books, will form valu- 
able guides for all classes to the most advanced products of every country, and, last and 
least, the sales of them can hardly fail to return to the Commission a good portion of their 
cost. 

The success of this method obviously depends on the judicious selection of the Judges, 
and to this point I desire to call particular attention. 

In this connection it may be remarked that the best judges of products are not usually 
found among their producers, but among their consumers. 

To select a wine, for example, of particular character, one would not apply to wine- 
growers, but to dealers and consumers. On the merits of an engine you would prefer the 
opinion of the engineer who uses it to that of the engineer who invented or made it. The 
sugars and coffees of Brazil, Cuba, Java, etc., are best judged in the great markets of con- 
sumption. In brief, the food products of the world find their most accurate appreciation, 
as regards their inherent qualities and comparative merits, in the great consuming markets, 
where similar products from all regions are gathered, and the practical judgment of the 
using and consuming public is pronounced, from which there is no appeal. 

The principle in this applies not only to raw products, but in a general sense to 
manufactures and to industrial products of all kinds in general use. 

In this view of the subject, the method of awards adopted by the Centennial Commis- 
sion presents the great advantage that it is judicial rather than representative, and the 
Commission is perfectly free to select Judges from the best sources, regardless of localities. 

The men to seek for are those who, by their ability, education, character, and experi- 
ence are fittest for the work, and they will be less difficult to find than to obtain, being 
generally employed, and frequently connected with large industries, important works, and 
the higher institutions to which their superior qualifications have led them. 

Freedom to choose our Judges from the best sources cannot fail to produce good results 
if the selection be made upon proper investigation, with suitable care and without favor. 

The announcement of this method of awards has been received in foreign countries, as 
far as heard from, with expressions of distinct approbation, and there can be no doubt that 
they will select and bring to us their hundred Judges, who. will be distinguished by their 
reliable and solid qualifications, and it is incumbent on us to select a body of men of char- 
acter, able and expert in their respective callings, and equal in attainments and experience to 
our foreign co-operatives, with whom our own will be intimately associated. 

I need hardly add that the useful results and success of our Exhibition and the public 
satisfaction which it should produce, as well as the reputation of this Commission, as 
practical and sensible men, depend largely on the selection of our Judges, and finally upon 
their organization and work. 

Respectfully submitted, 

N. M. BECKWITH. 

New York, October 9, 1875. 



JO INTERNATIONAL EXHIB1TKN, 1876. 

Official [No. 140.] 

Forms, SELECTION OF JUDGES. 

1875. 

Philadelphia, October 28, 1875. 
To „ 



Dear Sir, — The undersigned are a special committee of the Executive Committee, 
charged with certain duties concerning the System of Awards, and the selection and 
appointment of Judges under that system. We send you herewith, — 

1. The pamphlet edition of the System of Classification. [No. 112.] 

2. Circular No. 92, upon the System of Awards. 

3. Circular No. 137, Commissioner Beckwith's explanatory report upon the System of 
Awards, and the selection and appointment of Judges. 

Your special attention is invited to the last-named circular. It is the earnest desire of 
the Centennial Commission to select a body of Judges who shall command respect by reason 
of their undoubted character and qualifications, and whose combined reports shall form a 
memorable record of the present status of art and science, and of the productive industries 
of all countries. Your zealous co-operation is solicited, and you are respectfully requested 
to send us a list of persons qualified by character, studies, ability, and experience for posi- 
tions as Judges, — gentlemen of recognized authority in their several departments. 

Unless your nominees are persons of such general reputation as to render it needless, 
please give the full name, rank or title, age, profession or calling, special studies, and quali- 
fications of each, and indicate any important work he may have performed. 

Numerous lists of nominations will no doubt be received, but only one hundred Judges 
can be selected from them, and it is desired that you shall not communicate your nomina- 
tions to the persons you name, who may or may not be finally chosen. 

All the names will be submitted to the Executive Committee for its final action. 
This communication will be addressed to all United States Commissioners and Alter- 
nates, and to a limited number of eminent gentlemen not officially connected with the 
Commission, whose kind advice we may venture to ask. It is not intended for publication, 
and your replies will be treated confidentially. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servants, 

JOS. R. HAWLEY, President U. S. Centennial Con/mission, 
ALFRED T. GOSHORN, Director- General, &e. t 
DANIEL J. MORRELL, Chairman Executive Committee, 
N. M. BECKWITH, Commissioner from New York, 
ALEX. R. BOTELER, Commissioner from West Virginia, 

Committee, &°c. 



[No. 148.J 
Circular No. 76 is hereby canceled. 

United States Centennial Commission. 
SPECIAL REGULATIONS 
Governing the Free Importation of Goods for the International Exhibition 
of Eighteen Hundred and Seventy-six, at Philadelphia. 

l875 - Treasury Department, Washington, D. C, 

DEPARTMENT No. 141. AT , « 

„ , ~ November I, 1875. 

Secretary s Office. ' iJ 

An Act of Congress approved June 18, 1874, entitled "An Act to admit free of duty 
articles intended for the International Exhibition of eighteen hundred and seventy-six,' 1 
provide^ as follows : 



APPENDIX B. 



71 



Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That all articles which shall be imported for the sole purpose of exhi- 
bition at the International Exhibition, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 
1876, shall be admitted without the payment of duty or of customs fees, or charges, under 
such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe : Provided, That all such 
articles as shall be sold in the United States, or withdrawn for consumption therein at any 
time after such importation shall be subject to the duties, if any, imposed on like articles 
by the revenue laws in force at the date of importation: And provided further, That in 
case any articles imported under the provisions of this Act shall be withdrawn for consump- 
tion, or shall be sold without payment of duty, as required by law, all the penalties prescribed 
by the revenue laws shall be applied and enforced against such articles, and against the 
person who may be guilty of such withdrawal or sale." 

In pursuance of the provisions of this Act the following regulations are prescribed : 

1. No duty, fees, or charges for customs service will be exacted on any such importations, 
except in case of entry, as provided by Article 14 of these regulations. 

2. The ports of Portland, Me., Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New Orleans, 
and San Francisco, on the seaboard, and St. Alban's, Rouse's Point, Suspension Bridge, 
Buffalo, Detroit, Port Huron, and Chicago, as ports on the Northern frontier, will consti- 
tute the only ports of entry at which such importations may be made. 

3. Goods destined for such Exhibition imported through the above-named frontier ports 
may be forwarded in the same manner as now allowed by law and regulations for other 
importations. 

4. Invoices showing the marks, numbers, character, quantity, and foreign market value 
of articles intended for such Exhibition shall be authenticated by the hand and official seal 
of the Commissioner for the International Exhibition appointed by the Government of the 
country from which such articles are imported, and shall be made in triplicate and forwarded 
— one copy to the Collector of Customs for the port at which is intended such articles 
shall enter the United States, one copy to the Collector of Customs for the port of Phila- 
delphia, and one copy to the consignee or agent of the shipper. In case it shall be im- 
practicable to obtain the authentication of the Commissioner, under official seal, verification 
by a consular officer of the United States may be accepted instead. 

5. All packages containing such articles must be conspicuously addressed to the " Direc- 
tor-General of the International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia." 

6. Upon the arrival at any of the above-named ports, except New Orleans and San 
Francisco, of packages so marked, and containing articles intended for such Exhibition, 
duplicate entry thereof, in form to be prescribed, may be made by the consignee or agent 
thereof, for immediate transportation to Philadelphia, by a duly-authorized bonded route, 
but transportation bond will not be required. 

7. The entry having been compared with the invoice received from the Commissioner, 
found correct, and numbered and registered in a book provided for that purpose, the Col- 
lector will issue a special permit for the transfer of such packages from the importing vessel 
to the cars for transportation, care being taken to fully identify the packages by the marks 
and numbers as described in the bill of lading, entry, and invoice, and will transmit the 
entry to the Surveyor, with proper directions for shipment. 

8. Such transfer must be made by bonded cart or truck, and the packages must 
be accompanied by a customs officer, detailed for that purpose, from the time they are 
removed from the importing vessel until they are placed upon the cars for transportation, 
and such officer will be required to superintend the lading and secure the cars by customs 
lock and seal. 

9. Triplicate manifests for each car so laden, showing the marks, numbers, etc., of such 
packages as described in the entry, will be prepared and signed by the proper agent of the 
railroad company by whom such articles are to be transported. Each of said manifests will 
be certified as correct by the shipping inspector, who will deliver one manifest to the con- 



Official 
Forms, 
1875. 



72 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official ductor or agent of the railroad company, and return the other two with the entry, also 

Forms, certified by him, to the Collector. 

10. The entry having been duly registered and certified, as hereinbefore required, the 
Collector will transmit the same by mail, with the invoice, bill of lading, and manifest, to 
the Collector of Customs at Philadelphia, the duplicate manifest to be retained on the files 
of the custom-house at the port of entry. 

At ports where there is a naval office the entries for transportation will be made in trip- 
licate, — one copy for the files of that office, one for the Collector's office, and one for trans- 
mittal, as above required, to Philadelphia. 

11. Upon the arrival of the cars containing such articles at the Exhibition buildings at 
Philadelphia, the conductor or agent of the railroad company will report such arrival by 
the presentation of the manifest to the customs officer designated to receive such manifests, 
who shall compare the same with the copy received by mail, and superintend the opening 
of the cars, taking care to identify the packages by marks and numbers as described in the 
manifest. In case of the non-receipt of the manifests, the unlading of the cars shall not, 
for that reason, be delayed, but the invoice will be used to identify the packages. 

12. Immediate notice of such arrival of the goods shall be given by the Collector of 
Customs at Philadelphia to the Collector from the port of which such articles were shipped, 
and such notice will be numbered to correspond with the entry, and the date of its receipt 
recorded in the register of entries prescribed, to be kept at ports where entries for trans- 
portation are made. The packages will be retained in the custody of the customs officers 
at the Exhibition building, unopened, until special entry for warehouse, in form to be pre- 
scribed, is made by the owner, consignee, or agent authorized to make entry, but no ware- 
housing bond will be required. 

13. Upon the completion of the special warehouse entry, the packages will be opened, 
and due examination and appraisement of the contents, with proper allowance for damage 
sustained on the voyage of importation, if any, will be made by the Appraiser at the Exhi- 
bition buildings, which shall, for that purpose, be regarded as a public store. The Appraiser 
will be furnished with the invoice of the articles to be appraised, and will indorse his report 
of appraisement and his allowance for damage, if any, upon such invoice, in like- manner as 
if such articles were regularly entered for consumption or warehouse. No allowance for 
damage, however, exceeding fifty per cent., will be made without the approval of the De- 
partment. The entry will then be liquidated, the full amount of duties ascertained, and 
the whole transaction entered upon a record to be provided for that purpose. 

14. The articles may then be placed in the position provided for their exhibition, but 
will remain under the custody and control of the customs officers, and will not be removed 
from the place assigned without a permit from the Collector of Customs or the officer who 
may be designated to grant such permit. In no case will such articles be removed from 
the Exhibition building, or released from the custody of the customs officers, unless the 
same shall have been regularly entered at the custom-house in Philadelphia for consump- 
tion, warehouse, or export. 

15. In case of exportation of such articles, existing regulations, requiring exports to be 
made in original packages, will be waived. 

16. Entry of articles designed for such Exhibition, arriving at the ports of San Francisco 
or New Orleans, must be made in the manner now prescribed by law, and regulations on 
the importation of dutiable merchandise, either for warehouse and immediate transportation 
in bond, or for immediate transportation without appraisement. Upon the arrival of such 
articles at Philadelphia, they will be received into the custody of the customs officers (whose 
certificate to that effect, in the form to be prescribed, shall be sufficient to cancel the trans- 
portation bond), and thereupon special entry for warehouse, without bond, may be made as 
provided by these regulations. • 

17. When such articles arrive at Philadelphia, by vessel direct from a foreign country, 
the entry for transportation will not be required, but a special entry for warehouse, in the 



APPENDIX B. 



73 



manner hereinbefore provided, may be made, whereupon a special permit will be issued for Official 

Forir 
1875. 



the transfer of the articles from the importing vessels to the cars for transportation from the * 



vessel direct to the Exhibition buildings ; and the same proceedings as to identification of 
the articles, their transfer from the vessel to the cars, the preparation of manifests, and the 
careful and continuous supervision by a customs officer over the whole transaction, will be 
required as at other ports. 

18. Upon the arrival of such cars at the Exhibition building, after special warehouse 
entry of the packages is made, they will be opened, and the contents of the packages 
examined and appraised as hereinbefore provided. 

19. The special form of entries, permits, manifests, and records to be used under these 
regulations will be prepared and furnished by the Treasury Department. 

20. Collectors of Customs will report to the Secretary of the Treasury any case relating 
to an importation for such Exhibition in which they may regard these regulations as insuf- 
ficient to secure the interests of the revenue, and special instructions will be given for their 
guidance in such case. 

21. The regulations heretofore issued under the date of October 3, 1874, and May 18, 
1875, are hereby superseded and annulled: provided, however, that no rights or interests 
heretofore acquired thereunder shall be affected to the injury of the parties concerned. 

(Signed) B. H. BRISTOW, Secretary. 

OFFICIAL COPY, 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General International Exhibition, 1876. 



[No. 150.] 
PROPOSALS FOR THE SALE OF CIGARS AND TOBACCO. 

1. Proposals will be received on or before the 10th day of December, 1875, f° r ^he 
privilege of selling Cigars and Tobacco in the International Exhibition of 1876. 

2. Proposals will state the terms and conditions, — 

First. A gross sum for the privilege of selling at all the stands. 
Second. A gross sum for the privilege of selling at one or more stands, — not 
exceeding six. 

3. Sufficient security will be required for the faithful performance of the contracts. 

4. All stands, counters, and fittings will be supplied at the cost of the contractor. 

5. The dimensions of the counters and stands, and style of decorations, shall be subject 
to the approval of the Director-General of the United States Centennial Commission. 

6. The Director-General will designate the locations for the stands, — the number 
being limited to six. 

7. The party or parties to whom the privilege is granted will be required to observe the 
rules and regulations established from time to time for the government of the Exhibition. 

8. Proposals must be addressed to the President of the Centennial Board of Finance, 
Philadelphia, and indorsed " Proposals for the sale of Cigars and Tobacco." 

9. The Centennial Board of Finance expressly reserves the right to reject any or all 
propositions made in answer to this circular. 

JOHN WELSH, Pres. Centennial Board of Finance. 
A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 
Philadelphia, December 4, 1875. 



[No. 155.] 
INTERNATIONAL YACHT REGATTA. 

An International Regatta, under the auspices of the United States Centennial Commis- 
sion, will take place in the harbor of New York, on or about the 22d day of June, 1876. 



74 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official This Regatta will be open to all yachts belonging to organized yacht clubs. 



Forms, 
1875-76. 



The Centennial Commission will award medals and diplomas to the winning yachts of 
each class, in addition to the prizes offered by the yachting organizations. 

The arrangements for this Regatta have been placed in the hands of the following com- 
mittee : 

Geo. L. Kingsland, Commodore of the New York Yacht Club, Chairman. 
John S. Dickerson, Commodore of the Brooklyn Yacht Club, Secretary. 
John M. Forbes, Commodore of the Eastern Yacht Club, Boston. 
W. L. Swan, Commodore of the Seawanhaka Yacht Club. 
Wm. T. Garner, Vice-Commodore of the New York Yacht Club. 
S. Nicholson Kane, Rear- Commodore of the New York Yacht Club. 
Correspondence may be addressed to the gentlemen named, who will have charge of the 
details of the Regatta, and will furnish all information with regard to it. 

JOS. R. HAWLEY, President. 
J. L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 
Philadelphia, December 27, 1875. 



[No. 159.] 
CIRCULAR TO AMERICAN EXHIBITORS IN EUROPE. 

Philadelphia, January 10, 1876. 
All packages intended to be shipped on the United States Ship " Supply" must be at 
Leghorn or Civita Vecchia not later than the 10th day of February, properly addressed to 
the Exhibition, in accordance with the regulations. 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 



[copy.] 

Navy Department, Washington, 3d Jan., 1876. 

The Honorable Z. Chandler, Secretary of the Interior : 

I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 21st ultimo, trans- 
mitting copy of a letter, dated the 20th ult., from the Director-General of the Centennial 
Exhibition of 1876, and to inform you that the United States ship " Supply," New York, will 
sail for Civita Vecchia and Leghorn and Tangier, leaving early in this month, and proba- 
bly arriving at Civita Vecchia in about thirty days. She will be ordered to return to Phila- 
delphia, and arrive there as early as possible in April next. 

Very respectfully your obedient servant, 
(Signed) GEO. M. ROBESON, Secretary of the Navy. 



[No. 172.] 
INTERNATIONAL ROWING REGATTA. 

An International Rowing Regatta, under the auspices of the United States Centennial 
Commissi n, will take place on the Schuylkill River, in view of the grounds of the Inter- 
national Exhibition, between the 20th of August and the 15th of September, 1876. Entries 
will be closed on July 15th. 

The races, supervised by the Centennial Commission, will be under the local manage- 
ment of the Schuylkill Navy, a boating organization composed of nine clubs, whose boat- 
houses are on the east bank of the Schuylkill, within Fairmount Park. This association 
will furnish quarters for the boats of visiting crews. 

The Committee in charge have made the following arrangements : 

First. An International Race, open to all regularly-organized boat-clubs throughout the 



APPENDIX B. 



75 



world, to be rowed in accordance with the rules of the National Amateur Rowing Associa- Official 
tion of the United States; the prizes to be a piece of plate each for fours, for pairs, for Forms » 
doubles, and for single sculls, and in addition medals to be presented to each man rowing 
in the race, — to be of gold for the winning crew, for the second crew of silver, and the 
remainder of bronze. 

Second. An International College Race, for four-oared shells, will be held, the prize to 
be a piece of plate, with a gold medal to each member of the winning crew, open only to 
undergraduates. 

Third. An International Graduates' Race will be held for four-oared shells, open only 
to graduates of Colleges or Universities ; the prize being a piece of plate, and a gold medal 
to each member of the winning crew. 

Fotirth. Professional Races will be held open to all crews throughout the world, for 
four-oared, pair-oared, and single-scull shells, for suitable purses, the amounts of which will 
be announced by the ist of May, 1876. 

The amateur races will be rowed in heats, one and a half miles straight-away. The 
professional races will be rowed three miles, one and a half miles and return. 

In addition to the above-named prizes, which will be provided by the Schuylkill Navy, 
the United States Centennial Commission will award the diploma and medal of the 
Commission to the victors. 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 

J. R. HAWLEY, President. 

J. L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 
Philadelphia, February 10, 1876. 

EXECUTIVE AND HONORARY COMMITTEE. 

His Excellency John F. Hartranft, Governor of Pennsylvania, Chairman. 

His Honor W. S. Stokley, Mayor of Philadelphia, Vice- Chairman. 

Prof. J. R. Leslie, Dublin University Boat Club, Dublin, Ireland. 

E. R. Craft, Argonauta Rowing Association, New Jersey, Ex. Com. National Association. 

Ezra Rust, Northwestern Rowing Association, Michigan. 

A. F. Dexter, Narraganset, R. I., President National Association Amateur Oarsmen. 

Marcellus Bailey, Analostan B. C, Washington, D. C, Ex. Com. National Committee. 

Chas. E. Roome, President Nassau Boat Club, N. Y. 

W. F. Garner, Vice-Commodore New York Yacht Club. 

Col. J. Schuyler Crosby, New York Yacht Club. 

Genl. E. Burd Grubb, Philadelphia, and others to be appointed. 

REGATTA COMMITTEE. 

A. Krumbharr, Philadelphia Barge Club, Ex. Com. National Association. 

E. S. Miles, University Barge Club. 
W. R. Tucker, Undine Barge Club. 

G. W. Parker, Quaker City Barge Club, Ex. Com. National Association. 

F. W. Murphy, Philadelphia Barge Club. 
Isaac Bedichimer, Malta Boat Club. 

H. R. Barnhurst, Crescent Boat Club. 
H. V. Stillwell, West Philadelphia Boat Club. 
Dr. Daniel Bray, College Boat Club. 
Jonathan Gillingham, Secretary. 

Address for information, 

JAMES M. FERGUSON, Commodore. 

JOHN HOCKLEY, Jr., Vice-Commodore. 



f6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

[No. 174.] 



Official 

Forms, SPECIAL AWARDS. 

1876. 



At a meeting of the Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission, 
held on the 20th day of January, 1876, the following resolution was adopted : 

" Resolved, That special money or other awards that may be offered in any class to the 
United States Centennial Commission by associations or individuals, may be accepted by 
the Director-General on behalf of the Commission, on the condition that such awards shall 
be decreed by the Commission, in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Exhi- 
bition." 

Tenders to the Commission of special awards must state specifically the chaiacter of 
the proposed award and the class to which it is intended to be given. 

A satisfactory guarantee will be required for the payment of all special awards. 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 

J. R. HAWLEY, President. 

J. L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 
Philadelphia, February 10 1876. 



[No. 175.] 
NOTICE TO AMERICAN EXHIBITORS IN EUROPE. 

Philadelphia, February 17, 1876. 
All objects and works of art intended to be shipped on the United States steamer 
" Franklin" must be at Southampton, England, not later than the fifteenth day of March, 
and at Cherbourg, France, not later than the eighteenth day of March, properly addressed 
to the Exhibition, in accordance with the regulations. 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 



The Honorable Z. Chandler, Secretary of the Interior : 

Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letters of the 6th ultimo and 
the 3d instant, and copies of letters addressed to you by Hon. A. T. Goshorn, the Director- 
General of the Centennial Exhibition of 1 876. The Department yesterday telegraphed 
the United States steamer " Franklin" to proceed from Lisbon to Southampton, England. 
On her arrival at that port, orders have been given Rear Admiral Worden to receive on 
board all objects and works of art intended for the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia 
which may be forwarded to him by the duly authorized agent at Paris, or elsewhere on the 
Continent. When this duty is completed, he is ordered to proceed with the " Franklin" 
to Gibraltar, at which port he ought to arrive early in April next. Directions have been 
given him to communicate in the mean while with the commanding officer of the " Supply," 
at Leghorn or Civita Vecchia, Italy, and inform him that he will transfer the articles he 
has on board to the " Supply," for transportation to the United States, at Gibraltar; either 
of the ships to await the arrival of the other at that port. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
(Signed) GEO. M. ROBESON, Secretary of the Navy. 



[No. 181.] 
INTERNATIONAL RIFLE MATCPIES. 

Under the auspices of the United States Centennial Commission, the National Rifle 
Association of the United States will arrange and conduct a series of Rifle Matches open 
to all comers of all nations, and concluding with an 

international long-range match for the championship of the world. 
The contest will take place at Creedmoor, Long Island, near New York City, on the 
well-equipped ranges of the National Rifle Association. 



APPENDIX B. 



77 



The Centennial Commission will award medals and diplomas to the winners in each Official 
match, in addition to certain prizes and trophies to be given by the Association, which will * 8 ° r 6 ms ' 
be specified hereafter. 

A list of the officers of the Association and a schedule of the matches are hereto annexed. 

Correspondence may be addressed to General Alexander Shaler, President, or George 
S. Schermerhorn, Jr., Secretary, National Rifle Association, 93 Nassau Street, New York 
City. 

JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President. 

JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 
Philadelphia, March 4, 1876. 

OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Major-General Alexander Shaler, President. 

Brevet Major-General John B. Woodward, Vice-President. 

George S. Schermerhorn, Jr., Secretary. 

Brevet Major-General Martin T. McMahon, Treasurer. 



Hon. H. A. Gildersleeve. 
Colonel George W. Wingate. 
Hon. D. W. Judd. 
Lieutenant-Colonel John T. Camp. 
Colonel John Ward. 
Major D. D. Wylie. 
E. Harrison Sanford. 
Major George Moore Smith. 



Directors. 

Captain Joseph G. Story. 

Captain W. C. Casey. 

Hjii. N. P. Stanton. 

Major Henry Fulton. 

George S. Schermerhorn, Jr. 

Colonel Ira Z. Beebe. 

Brevet Major-General Martin T. McMahon. 

Executive Committee. 



General Alexander Shaler, President. 
Gen. John B. Woodward, Vice-President. 
George S. Schermerhorn, Jr., Secretary. 
General Martin T. McMahon, Treasurer. 



Hon. Henry A. Gildersleeve. 
Colonel George W. Wingate. 
General Thomas S. Dakin. 



PROGRAMME OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONTESTS, COMMENCING SEPTEMBER 12, 1876. 

Competition I. — Short- Range Match. 
Open to all comers. Distance, 200 yards. Position, standing. Rifles, any not exceeding 
ten pounds weight ; minimum pull of trigger, three pounds. Breech-loading rifles to be 
loaded at the breech only. Ten shots. No sighting shots.. Entrance fee, $2.00. 

Competition II. — Mid-Range Match. 

Open to all comers. Distances. — Military rifles of fifty calibre or over, to be used at 500 

yards ; other rifles at 600 yards. Rifles, any as above. Position, any, without artificial rest. 

Ten shots. No sighting shots. The prizes in the foregoing matches will be subsequently 

announced. Entrance fee, $2.00 each distance. Competitors may enter for both distances. 

Competition III. — International Long-Range Match for the championship of the world, — 
open to riflemen of all countries. 

CONDITIONS. 

Teams. — Each team shall consist of eight men. Members of the various teams partici- 
pating must be native-born citizens, and residents of the countries they respectively represent, 
except in the case of teams representing a provincial territory of a government, in which 
case a residence in the province will be sufficient, provided the member is a native-born 
subject of the parent country. 



7 8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official Rifles. — Any, not exceeding ten pounds weight ; minimum pull of trigger, three pounds. 



Forms, 
1876. 



Breech-loading rifles to be loaded at the breech only. 

Distances. — 800, 900, and 1000 yards. 

Number of shots. — Thirty at each range, by each competitor. No sighting shots. Match 
to last two days. Competitors to fire fifteen shots at each distance upon each day, com- 
mencing at 800 yards. 

Position. — Any without artificial rest. 

Entrance fee. — None. 

Previous practice. — Competing teams shall be allowed the use of the range for one week 
previous to these matches, but on the days of this match no person will be allowed to shoot 
on the range at any of the distances prescribed herein, except as a competitor. 

Captains of the competing teams shall select two referees, and the referees so chosen 
shall appoint an umpire, whose decision in all cases shall be final. 

Prize. — -An American Centennial Trophy. Such trophy to be shot for in each subsequent 
year, upon the same terms, in the country of the team holding it, at such time and place 
as said team, or a majority thereof, shall prescribe. 

Sights, targets, marking, and scoring in the foregoing matches to be according to the 
printed regulations of the National Rifle Association of America. 

The Fourth Annual Prize Meeting of the National Rifle Association will commence 
immediately upon the conclusion of these matches. During this meeting there will be 
several all-comers' matches. 



[No. 182.] 
PROGRAMME OF THE INTERNATIONAL YACHT REGATTAS. 

The following Official Statement concerning the International Regatta of 1876 is issued 
for the guidance of all concerned. 

JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President. 
A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 
J. L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 
Philadelphia, March 4, 1876. 



The undersigned, a Committee appointed by the United States Centennial Commission 
to arrange a series of International Regattas, open to yachts of all regularly organized 
clubs, to be sailed during the yachting season of the present year, have adopted the follow- 
ing programme : 

First Day. — Thursday, June 22. A regatta over the New York Yacht Club course, 
open to all yachts, as above, of fifteen tons and upwards. 

Second Day, — Friday, June 23. A regatta in New York Bay, open to all yachts, as 
above, of fifteen tons and under, over a triangular course not exceeding twenty-five miles. 
Also a regatta for steam yachts, over a course to be decided upon hereafter, not exceeding 
forty miles. 

Third Day. — Monday, June 26. A regatta from New York to Cape May, and return, 
open to all yachts, as above, of fifteen tons and upwards. 

In the first and second regattas, yachts will be divided into classes, with time allowance, 
based upon the mean length and breadth. In the third there will be two classes for 
schooners and one for sloops; without allowance of time. 

A certificate of measurement must accompany every entry. The owner's measurement 
will be considered sufficient, unless protest is made. In such case the Committee reserve 
the right to remeasure. 



APPENDIX B. 



79 



The medal and diploma of the International Exhibition of 1876 will be awarded by Official 

the United States Centennial Commission to the winner in each class in the above regattas. Forms » 

1876. 
Additional prizes in silver will be awarded by the undersigned Committee. 

All entries must be made to the Committee on or before Thursday, June 15th. 

All communications must be directed to the Secretary of the Committee, 

S. NICHOLSON KANE, New York Yacht Club, 

Twenty-Seventh St. and Madison Avenue, New York City. 

COMMITTEE. 

Geo. L. Kingsland, Commodore New York Yacht Club. 
John S. Dickerson, Commodore Brooklyn Yacht Club. 
John M. Forbes, Commodore Eastern Yacht Club (Boston). 
S. Nicholson Kane, Vice-Commodore New York Yacht Club. 
Wm. L. Swan, Seawanhaka Yacht Club (New York). 
Wm. T. Garner, New York Yacht Club. 



[No. 193.] 
ORGANIZATION AND DUTIES OF THE JUDGES OF AWARDS. 

I. 

Awards shall be based upon written reports, attested by the signatures of their authors. 

II. 

Two hundred and fifty Judges have been appointed to make such reports, one-half of 
whom are foreigners and one-half citizens of the United States. They have been selected 
for their known qualifications and character, and are presumed to be experts in the Groups 
to which they have been respectively assigned. The foreign members of this body have 
been appointed by the Commission of each country, in conformity with the distribution 
and allotment to each adopted by the United States Centennial Commission. The Judges 
from the United States have been appointed by the Centennial Commission. 

III. 

Reports and awards shall be based upon inherent and comparative merit. The elements 
of merit shall be held to include considerations relating to originality, invention, discovery, 
utility, quality, skill, workmanship, fitness for the purposes intended, adaptation to public 
wants, economy, and cost. 

IV. 

To facilitate the examination by the Judges of the articles exhibited, they have been 
classified in Groups. To each of these Groups a competent number of Judges (Foreign and 
American) has been assigned by the United States Centennial Commission. Besides these, 
certain objects in the Departments of Agriculture and Horticulture, which will form tem- 
porary exhibitions, have been arranged in special Groups, and Judges will be assigned to 
them hereafter. 

V. 

The Judges will meet for organization on May 24, at 12 M., at the Judges' Pavilion. 
They will enter upon the work of examination with as little delay as practicable, and will 
recommend awards without regard to the nationality of the exhibitor. 

VI. 

The Judges assigned to each Group will choose from among themselves a Chairman 
and a Secretary. They must keep regular minutes of their proceedings. Reports recom- 



8o INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official mending awards shall be made and signed by a Judge in each. Group, stating the grounds 

Forms, Q f ^ e p r0 p 0Se ^ award; and such reports shall be accepted, and the acceptance signed by a 

majority of the Judges in such Group. 

VII. 

The reports of the Judges recommending awards based on the standards of merit 
referred to in Section III., must be returned to the Chief of the Bureau of Awards not 
later than July 31, to be transmitted by him to the Centennial Commission. 

VIII. 

Awards will be finally decreed by the United States Centennial Commission, in compli- 
ance with the Act of Congress of June 1, 1872, and will consist of a special report of the 
Judges on the subject of the Award, together with a Diploma and a uniform Bronze 
Medal. 

IX. 

Upon matters not submitted for competitive trial, and upon such others as may be named 
by the Commission, the Judges will prepare reports showing the progress made during the 
past hundred years. 

X. 

Vacancies in the corps of Judges will be filled by the authority which made the original 
appointment. 

No exhibitor can be a Judge. 

An exhibitor who is not the manufacturer or producer of the article exhibited shall not 
be entitled to an award. 

XI. 

The Chief of the Bureau of Awards will be the representative of the United States 
Centennial Commission in its relations to the Judges. Upon request, he will decide all 
questions which may arise during their proceedings in regard to the interpretation and 
application of the rules adopted by the Commission relating to awards, subject to an appeal 
to the Commission. 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 



[No. 197.] 
THE OFFICIAL CATALOGUE. 

Exhibitors are requested to note any omissions or inaccuracies in the Official Catalogue, 
and transmit them without delay to the office of the Director-General. To insure re- 
vision in the second edition of the Catalogue, such corrections must be furnished before 
May 20, and indorsed "Corrections for the Official Catalogue." 

N.B. — It is desirable that proper names should be furnished, if possible, in print. 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director-General. 

Philadelphia, May 10, 1876. 



[No 199.] 
OPENING -CEREMONIES OF THE EXHIBITION. 
The United States Centennial Commission announces the following orders and pro- 
gramme for the opening of the International Exhibition on the 10th inst. 

The Commission, with the concurring counsel of the Board of Finance, instructed its 
officers to give formal invitations only to persons in official positions, to those officially con- 



i8 7 6. 



APPENDIX B. 8 1 

nected with the Exhibition, and to members of the press, by reason of the impossibility of Official 
discriminating among the numerous and generous supporters of the enterprise. 

All the gates, except those at the east end of the Main Building, will be open to the 
public at 9 A.M., at the established rate of admission. 

The Main Building, Memorial Hall, and Machinery Hall will be reserved for guests 
and exhibitors until the conclusion of the ceremonies, about l p.m., when all restrictions 
will be withdrawn. 

The President of the United States will be escorted to the Exhibition by Governor 
Hartranft, of Pennsylvania, with a division or more of troops from Pennsylvania and New 
Jersey. 

Invited guests will enter the Main Building from the carriage concourse at the east end, 
or by the south-middle entrance on Elm Avenue. The doors will be open to them at 9 A.M. 
They will pass to the platform in front of Memorial Hall through the north-middle doors 
of the Main Building, and should occupy their places before 10.15 A - M - All the space in 
the vicinity of the platform, save what may be needed for passage, will be open to the 
public. Seats on the platform for the ladies invited are provided, and it is expected that 
they will join the procession if they choose. 

The orchestra of one hundred and fifty pieces and the chorus of one thousand voices 
will be under the direction of Theodore Thomas, assisted by Dudley Buck. 

PROGRAMME. 

1. 10.15 A - M - — National Airs, by the Orchestra. 

2. 10.30 A.M. — Arrival of the President of the United States. 

3. Centennial Inauguration March, by Richard Wagner. 

4. Prayer by the Right Reverend Bishop Simpson. 

5. Hymn, by John Greenleaf Whittier. 

Music by John K. Paine, of Massachusetts. 
Organ and Orchestral accompaniment. 

6. Presentation of the Buildings to the Commission by the President of the Centen- 

nial Board of Finance. 

7. Cantata, by Sidney Lanier, of Georgia. 

Music by Dudley Buck, of Connecticut. 
Basso Solo by Myron W. Whitney, of Boston. 

8. Presentation of the Exhibition to the President of the United States by the 

President of the Centennial Commission. 

9. Address by the President of the United States. 

10. Unfurling of the Flag, Hallelujah Chorus, Salutes of Artillery, and Ringing of 

the Chimes. 

11. Procession through the Main Building and Machinery Hall. 

12. Reception by the President of the United States in the Judges' Pavilion. 

No flags or ensigns, except such as are permanently fixed in the buildings, will be dis- 
played on the morning of the 10th until the signal be given. The organs and other musical 
instruments and the bells will await the same notice. 

When the President of the United States declares the Exhibition open, the flag on the 
staff near him will be unfurled as a signal for the raising of all other flags and ensigns, the 
ringing of the chimes, the salute of one hundred guns on George's Hill, and the singing 
of the Hallelujah Chorus of Handel by the chorus, with organ and orchestral accom- 
paniment. 

Immediately upon the announcement, the Foreign Commissioners will pass into the 
Main Building and take places upon the general avenue opposite their respective sections. 

The President of the United States, conducted by the Director-General of the Exhibi- 

6 



82 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Official 
Forms, 
1876. 



tion, and followed by the guests of the day, will pass through the Main Building. As the 
President passes the Foreign Commissioners they will join the procession, and the whole 
body will move to Machinery Hall. 

On his way the President will be saluted by his military escort, formed in two lines 
between the buildings. 

In Machinery Hall, when the procession shall, as far as possible, have entered the 
building, the President, assisted by George H. Corliss, will set in motion the great engine 
and the machinery connected thereAvith. 

No further formal order of procession will be required. 

The President, and such of the guests as may choose to follow, will be escorted by way 
of the north main aisle of Machinery Hall to the doors of the eastern tower and to the 
Judges' Pavilion. 

The passage in return to the Main Building will be kept for half an hour. 

The President of the United States will hold a brief reception in the Judges' Pavilion. 

Should the weather render it impossible to conduct the exercises in the open air, they 
will be held in the Main Building, and the best regulations the circumstances may permit 
will be communicated to the guests upon their arrival. T. B. P. Dixey is announced as 
Master of Ceremonies. He will wear a white sash. He will be assisted by twenty-five 
aids, who will wear blue sashes. 

By order of United States Centennial Commission. 

JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President. 
JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 



Philadelphia, May 10, 1876. 



AMERICAN AND FOREIGN JUDGES. 
AMERICAN. FOREIGN. 



[No. 210.] 



GROUP I.— MINERALS, MINING, METALLURGY, AND MACHINERY RELATING 

THERETO. 



Alexander L. Holley, 56 Broadway, New York. 
Prof. T. Sterry Hunt, LL.D., F.R.S., St. James's 

Hotel, Boston, Mass. 
Prof. J. M. Safford, Tennessee. 
S. B. Axtell, Santa Fe, New Mexico. 
John Fritz, Bethlehem, Pa. 
Austin Savage, Boise City, Idaho. 
W. S. Keyes, M.E., Eureka, Nevada. 
Prof. Frederick Prime, Jr., Sec'y, Easton, Pa. 
Matthew Addy, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Prof. G. C. Broadhead, Pleasant Hill, Missouri. 



Mr. Isaac Lowthian Bell, F.R.S., M.P., C.E.. Prest. 

Great Britain. 
Mr. Ernst F. Althans, Germany. 
Mr. L. Simonin, France. 
Mr. F. Valton, France. 
Richard Akerman, Sweden. 
Mr. Achille Jottrand, Belgium. 
Mr. L. Nicholsky, Russia. 
Mr. Nicholas Jossa, Russia. 
Prof. Dr. Th. Kjerulf, Norway. 
Don Dan'l de Cortazar, Spain. 
Emanuel Paterno, Italy. 
Mariano Barcena, Mexico. 



GROUP II.— POTTERY, GLASS, ARTIFICIAL STONE, etc. 



General Q. A. Gillmore, U.S.A., care of D. Van 

Nostrand, New York. 
Arthur Beckwith, Sec'y, 134 Fifth Ave., New York. 
Prof. E. T. Cox, Indianapolis, Indiana. 
General Hector Tyndale, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Henry Wurtz, Hohoken, N. J. 



R. H. Soden Smith, M.A., Pres't, Great Britain. 

Dr. G. Seelhorst, Germany. 

M. de Bussy, France. 

Adolf E. Nordenskiold, Sweden. 

M. K. Notomi, Japan. 



GROUP III.-CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY, WITH THE APPARATUS. 

Dr. William Odling, F.R.S., Sec'y, Great Britain. 
Dr. Rudolph von Wagner, Germany. 
M. J. F. Kuhlman (fils), France. 
M. Prosper DeWilde, Belgium. 
Emanuel Paterno, Italy. 



Prof. C. A. Joy, Columbia College, N. Y. 

Prof. F. A. Genth, University' of Pennsylvania, 
Philadelphia, Pa. 

Prof. J. Lawrence Smith, Pres't, Louisville, Ky. 

Prof. C. F. Chandler, Columbia College, N. Y. 

Prof. J. W. Mallet, University of Virginia, Char- 
lottesville, Va. 



APPENDIX B. 



83 



AMERICAN. FOREIGN. Official 

GROUP IV.— ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS, AND MACHINERY RELA- F° rms > 

TING THERETO l8 7 6 - 



Julius Wegeler, Germany. 

Mr. Edouard Martell, France. 

Don E. Loring, Spain. 

Dr. Nicolau J. Moreira, Brazil. 

M. Jay me Batalha Reis, Portugal. 

Mr. Ekeda Kenzo, Japan. 

E. Oldendorff, Argentine Confederation.. 

Prof. E. von Baumhauer, Netherlands. 

H. G. Joly, M.P., Canada. 

G. F. Secchi de Casali, Italy. 

Prof. Th. Segelcke, Denmark. 

Rustem Effendi, Turkey. 

GROUP V.— FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS —APPARATUS OF FISHING. 

Prof. S. F. Baird, Smithsonian Ins., Washington. I Joakim Andersen, Norway. 
T. B. Ferguson, Baltimore, Md. I 



Prof. W. C. Kerr, Raleigh, N. C. 
L. B. Arnold, Rochester, New York. 
Colonel J. F. Tobias, 1705 Locust Street, Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 
Colonel John Bradford, Tallahassee, Florida. 
Guido Marx, Toledo, Ohio. 
Ryland T. Brown, Pres't, Indianapolis, Ind. 
W. S. Greene, Sec'y, Milford, Wis. 



GROUP VI.— TIMBER, WORKED LUMBER, PARTS OF BUILDINGS. 



Prof. Wm. H. Brewer, Pres't, New Haven, Co n. 
J. M. Bennett, Weston, Lewis Co., West Virginia. 
Prof. J. S. Newberry, Cleveland, Ohio, or Columbia 
College, N. Y. 



Jno. R. West, Secretary, Chili. 

M. Rodrigues de Vasconcellos, Portugal. 

Hon. J. Skead, Sec'y, Canada. 

Dr. Jose de Saldanha da Gama, Brazil. 



GROUP VII.— FURNITURE, UPHOLSTERY, WOODEN WARE. 



Addison Boyden, Pres't, Boston, Mass. 
Chauncey Wiltse, Omaha, Neb. 
Robert Mitchell, Cincinnati, Ohio. 



Eugene Achille, le Marquis de Rochambeau, Fn.nce. 
Mr. Theodore Snyers, Sec'y, Belgium. 
Francis Thonet, Austria. 



GROUP VIII.— COTTON, LINEN, AND OTHER FABRICS, etc 

Edward Atkinson, Sec'y, Boston, Mass. 

Hugh Waddell, Jr., Savannah, Georgia. 

Colonel Ed. Richardson, Jackson, Miss. 

A. D. Lockwood, Providence, R. I. 

Charles H. Wolff, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Colonel Samuel Webber, C.E., Manchester, N. H. 

George O. Baker, Selma, Alabama. 



Mr. Isaac Watts, Pres't, Great Britain. 
Mr. W. W. Hulse, C.E., Great Britain. 
Don Alvaro de la G.lndara, Spain. 
Major A. Goldy, Switzerland. 
Prof. Gustave Herrmann, Germany. 
Prof. Giuseppe Dassi, Italy. 



GROUP IX.— WOOL AND SILK FABRICS, AND MACHINERY RELATING THERETO. 



John L. Hayes, Cambridge, Mass. 

Elliot C. Cowdin, Pres't, New York. 

Charles Le Boutillier. Philadelphia, Pa. 

Charles J. Ellis, 714 Market St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

J. D. Lang, Vassalboro', Maine. 



Consul Gustav Gebhard, Sec'y, Germany 

Theodore Bochner, Jr., Austria. 

Mr. Henry Mitchell, Great Britain. 

Dr. Max. Weigert, Germany. 

Mr. Louis Chatel, France. 

Carl Arnberg, Sweden. 

Mr. Hayami Kenzo, Japin. 

Mr. John G. Neeser, Switzerland. 

August Behmer, Egypt. 

Albert Daninos, Turkey. 



GROUP X.— CLOTHING, FURS, INDIA-RUBBER GOODS, etc. 



Mr. Ch. J. Dietz-Monnin, France. 
Mr. Modest Kittary, Russia. 
Mr. Edward Kanitz, Austria. 
Mr. M. P. Empey, Canada. 



Prof. W. H. Chandler, Ph.D., F.C.S., Sec'y, Lehigh 

University, South Bethlehem, Pa. 
Wm. O. Linthicum, 174 Fifth Ave., N. Y. City. 
Benjamin F. Britton, New York City. 
Dr. George Hewston, Pres't, Folsom Street, San 

Francisco, Cal. 
Prof. E. N. Horsford, Cambridge, Mass. 

GROUP XI.— JEWELRY, WATCHES, SILVERWARE, BRONZES, etc. 



Martin P. Kennard, Pres't, Boston, Mass. 
Peter Gottesleben, Sec'y, Denver, Colorado. 



J. Diefenbach, Germany 
G. H. Heap, Tunis. 
Roulleaux Du Gage, France. 



8 4 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Official 
Forms, 
1876. 



AMERICAN. FOREIGN. 

GROUP XII.— LEATHER AND MANUFACTURES OF LEATHER, etc. 
Gov. F. H. Pierpont, Pres't, Fairmount, Marion 

County, West Virginia. 
John Cummings, Sec'y, Boston, Mass. 
Thomas Miles, Philadelphia, Pa. 
J. P. Postles, Wilmington, Del. 

GROUP XIII.— PAPER, STATIONERY, PRINTING, AND BOOK-MAKING. 



Sir Sydney H. Waterlow, Bart., M.P., Great Britain. 
G. W. Seitz, Germany. 



James M. Willcox, Ph.D., Pres't, Glen Mills, Pa. ; 

1722 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
C. O. Chapin, Springfield, Mass. 
William Faxon, Hartford, Conn. 
Edward Conley, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
H. T. Brian, Sec'y, Government Printing Office, 

Washington, D. C. 

GROUP XIV.— APPARATUS OF HEATING, LIGHTING, etc. 
C. C. Cox, M.D., LL.D., Pres't, Washington, D. C. I 
Azel Ames, Jr., M.D., Sec'y, Wakefield, Mass. I 

GROUP XV.— BUILDERS' HARDWARE, TOOLS, CUTLERY, etc. 



Charles Staples, Jr., Portland, Maine. < 
Daniel Steinmetz, Pres't, Philadelphia, Pa. 
George L. Reed, Clearfield, Pa. 
General John D. Imboden, Richmond, Va. 



Hon. J. Bain, Lord Provost of Glasgow, Great 

Britain. 
Mr. D. MacHardy, Great Britain. 
Mr. Julius Diefenbach, Sec'y, Germany. 



GROUP XVI.— MILITARY AND SPORTING ARMS, WEAPONS, etc. 

Colonel S. C. Lyford, U.S.A. (Chairman Government 

Board, etc.). 
General H. L. Abbott, U.S.A., Pres't, Willett's 

Point, N. Y. 
George A. Hamilton, St. Paul, Minn. 



Major Wm. H. Noble, R.A., Sec'y, Great Britain. 
Capt. Comm't of Artillery Alphonse Lesne, Bel- 
gium 
Capt. L. P. de Saldanha da Gama, Brazil. 



GROUP XVII.— CARRIAGES, VEHICLES, AND ACCESSORIES. 

Thomas Goddard, Boston, Mass. — 134 State St. | Mr. Guiet, France. 

B. F. Morse, Augusta, Me. ! Mr. Wm. F. Dufus, Canada. 



GROUP XVIII.— RAILWAY PLANT, ROLLING STOCK, ENGINES, etc. 



Colonel Robert E. Ricker, Elizabeth, N. J. 
General T. A. Morris, Indianapolis, Ind. 
Felician Slataper, Sec'y, Pittsburgh, Pa. 



Capt. Douglas Gallon, R.E., C.B., F R.S., Pres't, 

Great Britain. 
Mr. Ernest Pontzen, Austria. 
Mr. E. Shaar, Belgium. 



GROUP XIX.— VESSELS, AND APPARATUS OF TRANSPORTATION. 



Isaac Newton, New York. 

J. W. Griffith, Portsmouth, N. H. 

H. C. Goodspeed, Salt Lake City, Utah. 



Colonel F. H. Rich, R.E., Great Britain. 



GROUP XX.— MOTORS, HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC APPARATUS. 



C. T. Porter, Newark, N. J. 
Joseph Belknap, New York. 
James Moore, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Horatio Allen, Pres't, South Orange, "Home- 
wood," N. J. 
Charles E. Emery, 7 Warren Street, New York. 



Mr. W. H. Barlow, C.E., Great Britain. 
Prof. Francis Reuleaux, Germany. 
N cholas Petroff, Russia. 
Emil Brugsch, Sec'y, Egypt. 



GROUP XXL— MACHINE TOOLS FOR WOOD, METAL, AND STONE. 



Irving M. Scott, Union Iron Works, San Francisco, 

Cal. 
George H. Blelock, Springfield, Mass. 
W. F. Durfee, Wisconsin (at 56 Broadway, N. Y.)- 
Prof. John A. Anderson, President Kansas State 

Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kansas. 



Mr. John Anderson, LL.D., C.E., Pres't, Great 

Britain. 
M. le Commandant F. Perrier, France. 
Mr. C. A. Angstrom, Sweden. 
Mr. Auguste Gobert (filsl, Sec'y, Belgium. 
Mr. Felix Reifer, Austria. 



APPENDIX B. 



35 



AMERICAN. FOREIGN. 

GROUP XXII.— MACHINES AND APPARATUS USED IN SEWING, etc. 



George W. Gregory, Boston, Mass. 

Edward H. Knight, Pres't, Patent Office, Washing. 

ton, D. C. 
L. D. F. Poore, Springfield, Dakota. 



Mr. Fred. A. Paget, C.E., Sec'y, Great Britain. 



Official 
Forms, 

1876. 



GROUP XXIII.-AGRICULTURAL MACHINES, IMPLEMENTS OF AGRICULTURE, 

etc. 



Hon. John P. Reynolds, Chicago, 111. 
James S. Grinnell, Sec'y, Washington, D. C. 
James Bruce, Corvallas, Oregon. 



Mr. John Coleman, Pres't, Great Britaii 
Don Fermin Rosillo, Spain. 
P. D. G. Paes Leme, Brazil. 
M. Manuel Irarrazaval. Chili. 



GROUP XXIV.— INSTRUMENTS OF MEDICINE, SURGERY, etc. 



C B. White, M.D., New Orleans, La. 
J. K. Thompson, A.M., M.D., Sec'y, Washington, 
D. C. 



W. A. Roth, M.D., Pres't, Germany. 
Dr. Ernst Fleischl, Austria. 



GROUP XXV.— INSTRUMENTS OF PRECISION, RESEARCH, etc. 

LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S. 



Prof. Joseph Henry, LL.D., Secretary of the Smith- 
sonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 

Prof. F. A. P. Barnard, S.T.D., LL.D., Columbia 
College, New York. 

Prof. J. E. Hilgard, Pres't, Washington, D. C. 

Prof. J. C. Watson, Sec'y, Ann Arbor, Mich. 

General Henry K. Oliver, Salem, Mass. 

George F. Bristow, New York. 



Sir William Thomson, 

Great Britain. 
Jul. Schiedmayer, Germany. 
E. Levasseur, France. 
P. F. Kupka, Austria. 
Edw. Favre Perret, Switzerland. 



GROUP XXVI.— ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING. 



Jas. B. Eads, C.E., South Pass Jetty Works, 122 

Common St., New Orleans, La. 
General Wm. B. Franklin, Pres't, Hartford, Conn. 
Richard M. Hunt, 49 West 35th St., New York. 
Colonel Geo. E. Waring, Jr., Newport, R. I. 



Sir John Hawkshaw, C.E., F.R.S., Great Britain. 
M. Edouard Lavoinne, Sec'y, France. 
J. M. da Silva Continho, Brazil. 
J. G. W. Fynje, Netherlands. 
Lourenco Malheiro, Portugal. 



GROUP XXVII— PLASTIC AND GRAPHIC ART. 

Frank Hill Smith, Boston, Mass. 



James L. Claghorn, Pres't, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Prof. J. F. Weir, New Haven, Conn. 
Brantz Mayer, Baltimore, Md. 
Donald G. Mitchell, New Haven, Conn. 
Geo. Ward Nichols, Sec'y, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Prof. Henry Draper, New York University, New 
York City. 



Mr. Charles West Cope, R.A., Great Britain. 

Mr. Peter Graham, Great Britain. 

Carl W. Schlesinger, Germany. 

Dr. H. Vogel, Germany. 

Mr. J. Emile Saintin, France. 

Fritz L. von Dardel, Sweden. 

P. N. Arbo, Norway. 

Mr. A. Tantardini, Italy. 

Guglielmo de Sanctis, Italy. 

Mr. Carl Costenoble, Austria. 

Prof. J. V. Dahlerup, Denmark. 

Th. J. E. van Heemskerck van Beest, Netherlands. 



GROUP XXVIII.— EDUCATION AND SCIENCE. 



Hon. Andrew D. White, LL.D., President of Cor- 
nell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 

D. C. Gilman, LL.D., President of Johns Hopkins 
University, Baltimore, Md. 

Hon. J. M. Gregory, LL.D., Champaign, III. 

Prof. J. W. Hoyt, LL.D., Sec'y, Madison, Wis. 



Sir Charles Reed, Pres't, Great Britain. 

Mr. Rene Fouret, France. 

Colonel John J. Marin, Spain. 

Prof. Dr. Otto Martin Torell, Sweden. 



GROUP XXIX.— HORTICULTURE. 



George Thurber, New York. 

W. D. Brackenridge, Govanstown, 



Md, 



W. Pentland, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
William Saunders, Washington, D. C. 



86 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Official 
Forms, 
1876. 



GROUP XXX.— HORSES, MULES, AND ASSES. 



F. Parrington, Great Britain. 
John R. Vilay, Lexington, Ky. 
J. W. Weldon, New York City. 
Basil Duke, St. Louis, Mo. 
Colonel E. S. Stowell, Cornwall, Vt. 
Thaddeus G. Holt, Macon, Ga. 
Milo Smith, Clinton, Iowa. 



General Thomas G. Williams, Austin, Texas. 

S. P. Brown, Washington, D. C. 

Archibald McAllister, Springfield Furnace, Pa. 

S. H. Tewksbury, Portland, Me. 

George Murray, Racine, Wis. 

Ira Morgan. 

G. W. Ricker. 



GROUP XXXI.— NEAT CATTLE. 



William Birnie, Springfield, Mass. 
James Moore, Harriston, Canada. 
T. Duckham, London, England. 
T. C. Jones, Delaware, Ohio. 
Warren Percival, Vassalboro', Me. 
M. Wilkins, Harrisburg, Oregon. 
Colin Cameron, Lancaster, Pa. 
Edward Howe, Princeton, N. J. 



Henry C. Meredith, Cambridge City, Ind. 

Ashbel Smith, M.D., Houston, Texas. 

J. Milton Mackie, Great Barrington, Mass. 

Frank T. Anderson, Rockbriar, Va. 

S. J. Lynch, Los Angelos, Cal. 

George E. Waring, Newport, R. I. 

L. H. Twaddell, Philadelphia, Pa. 



GROUP XXXII.— SHEEP. 



George Campbell, W. Westminster, Vt. 
P. H. Lannan, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
J. S. Maynard, Weld County, Col. 
Hon. Moses Stocking, Wahoo, Neb. 



O. H. Buchanan, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. 
Owen Richards, Great Britain. 
Alexander Barrie, Canada. 
George Hammond, Middleboro', Vt. 



J; M. Washburn, Sioux Falls, Dak. 
I. S. Maynard, Weld County, Col. 



GROUP XXXIII.— SWINE. 



I G. W. Baker, Great Britain. 
I W. Rhodes, Canada. 



John E. Long, Detroit, Mich. 
Colonel F. G. Skinner, New York. 
L. H. Twaddell, Philadelphia, Pa. 



GROUP XXXIV.— DOGS. 



John Swan, Baltimore, Md. 
Gustavus A. Drolet, Montreal, P. Q. 



Z. C. Luse, Iowa City, Iowa. 
Mark Pitman, Beverly, Mass. 
A. M. Halstead, Rye, N. Y. 



GROUP XXXV.-POULTRY. 



Charles H. Crosby, Danbury, Conn. 
W. F. Rogers, Doylestown, Pa. 
John Aldous, Ontario, Canada. 



GROUP XXXVI.— POMOLOGY. 



George L. Davenport, Davenport, Iowa. 

Parker Earle, Cobden, III. 

S. T. Suit, Silver Hill, Prince George County, Md. 

Hon. J. Yellowley, Canton, Miss. 

M. Martin, Chattahoochee, Fla. 

Suel Foster, Muscatine, Iowa. 

T. T. Lyon, South Haven, Mich. 



Josiah Hoopes, West Chester, Pa. 
W. L. Schaffer, Philadelphia, Pa. 
William Parry, Cinnaminson, N. J. 
A. W. Harrison, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Thomas Mee'han, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Edward Satterthwaic, Jenkintown, Pa. 



GROUP XXXVII.— STATE AND COLLECTIVE EXHIBITS. 



C. J. Dannfeldt, Sweden. 

E. Oldendorff, Argentine Republic. 

T. W. Talmadge, Columbus, Ohio. 



J. A. Johnson, California. 

T. E. Sickles, Kennett Square, Pa. 



GROUP ON APPEALS. 



John Fritz, Bethlehem, Pa. 
Charles Staples, Jr., Portland, Me. 
Prof. S. F. Baird, Washington, D. C. 
B. F. Britton, New York, N. Y. 
Prof. H. H. Smith, Philadelphia, Pa. 



W. Wilkins, Oregon. 
H. K. Oliver, Salem, Mass. 
Coleman Sellers, Philadelphia, Pa. 
James L. Claghorn, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Edward Conley, Cincinnati, Ohio. 



APPENDIX B. 87 

[No. 215.] 
THE NATIONAL COMMEMORATION, JULY 4, 1876. 

The ceremonies to be observed, under the direction of the United States Centennial 
Commission, in commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of 
Independence of the United States, will take place in Independence Square, Philadelphia, 
July 4, beginning at 10 A.M., or soon thereafter, upon the conclusion of the military review. 
The following order will be observed : 
1. — Grand Overture, " The Great Republic," founded on the National Air " Hail Colum- 
bia," and arranged for the occasion by the composer, George F. Bristow, of New 
York. Orchestra — P. S. Gilmore, Director. 
2. — The President of the Commission will call the assembly to order, and announce the 
President of the United States, or, in his absence, the Vice-President, as the pre- 
siding officer of the day. 
3. — Prayer, by the Rt. Rev. Wm. B. Stevens, D.D., Bishop of Pennsylvania. 
4. — Hymn, " Welcome to all Nations." Words by Oliver Wendell Holmes, of Massa- 
chusetts. Music, " Keller's Hymn." Orchestra and Chorus. 
5. — Reading of the Declaration of Independence, by Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia. 
The original manuscript will be brought forward for the purpose by his Honor the 
Mayor of Philadelphia, to whose care it has been intrusted by the President of the 
United States. 
6. — " Greeting from Brazil," a Hymn for the First Centennial of American Independence, 
composed by A. Carlos Gomes, of Brazil, at the request of his Majesty Dom Pedro 
II., Emperor of Brazil. Orchestra. 
7. — Poem, " The National Ode," by Bayard Taylor, of Pennsylvania. Introduced by the 

President of the Centennial Board of Finance. 
8. — Grand Triumphal March, with Chorus, " Our National Banner." Words by Dexter 

Smith, of Massachusetts ; Music by Sir Julius Benedict, of England. 
9. — Oration, by William M. Evarts, of New York. 

10. — Hallelujah Chorus from Handel's " Messiah." Orchestra and Chorus. 
II. — Doxology, "The Old Hundredth Psalm," in which all present will be requested to 
join. 

By order of the Commission, 

JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President. 
JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 



Official 
Forms, 

1876. 



[No. 226.I 

UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. 

OFFICIAL LIST OF 

FOREIGN COMMISSIONS 

ACCREDITED TO THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876, PHILA- 
DELPHIA, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 
Ernesto Oldendorff, President, New York. 
Edward Shippen, Vice-President, Philadel 

phia. 
Carlos Carranza, New York. 



Edward T. Davison, Treasurer, Consul- 
General, New York. 
Diego de Castro, Secretary, New York. 
Deputy Member, — E. Mara Davison. 



88 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Official 
Forms , 
i8 7 6. Eduardo Olivera, Buenos Ayres. 

Onesimo Leguizamon, Buenos Ayres. 
Diego de la Fuente, Buenos Ayres. 
Lino Palcois, Buenos Ayres. 



CENTRAL COMMITTEE. 

Ricardo Newton, Buenos Ayres. 
Leonardo Pereyra, Buenos Ayres. 
Jose M. Jurafdo, Buenos Ayres. 
Emilio Duportal, Buenos Ayres. 



Julio Victorica, Secretary, Buenos Ayres. 

AUSTRIA. 
Rudolph Tsbaiy, Member of the Reichsrath, Vice-President of the Lower Chamber of Com 

merce and Trade, Chairman, Vienna. 
Francis Chevalier de Liebig, Member of the Reichsrath, 1st Deputy Chairman, Reichen- 

berg. 
Michael Matscheko, Vice-President of the Lower Trade Union, 2d Deputy Chairman, 

Vienna, 

MEMBERS. 

Otto von Bauer, Proprietor of a Manufactory, Briinn. 
Eugene Felix, Chairman of the Vienna Corporation of Artists, Vienna. 
Theo. A. Havemeyer, Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Consul-General, New York. 
Dr. Emil Hornig, Imperial and Royal Councillor of Government, Chairman of the Photo- 
graphic Society, Vienna, Vienna. 
Edward Kanitz, Member of the Lower Chamber of Commerce and Trade, Vienna. 
Dr. Francis Migerka, Imperial and Royal Councillor of the Ministry, Vienna. 
Charles von Oberleithner, Proprietor of Manufactory, Mahrisch-Schonberg. 
Earest Pontzen, Civil Engineer, Vienna. 

Dr. George Chevalier de Thaa, Imperial and Royal Councillor of Department, Vienna. 
Max Hoenig, Secretary of the Commission, Vienna. 

RESIDENT COMMISSIONER. 
Dr. Francis Migerka, Commissioner- General, Philadelphia. 

ATTACHES. 



Dr. Otto Gross, Representative of the Vienna 
Corporation of Artists. 



W. Sagel. 

Alfred Eduard Buek. 



Anton Kuftner. 
AFRICA— ORANGE FREE STATE. 
Charles W. Riley, Consul-General, Philadelphia. 

BELGIUM. 

His Royal Highness the Comte de Flandre, Honorary President. 

Baron Gustave de Woelmont, Senator, President, Brussels. 

Alexander Robert, Historical Painter, Member of the Belgium Academy of Fine Arts, 

Letters and Sciences, Vice-President, Brussels. 
Ch. de Smet-de Smet, Manufacturer, President of the Industrial and Commercial Society, 

Vice-President, Ghent. 
J. Clerfeyt, Chief of Bureau, Ministry of the Interior, Secretary of the Upper Council of 

Industry and Commerce, late Secretary of the Belgium Commissions and Juries of 

the International Exhibitions of Paris, London, and Vienna, Secretary, Brussels. 
Alfred Ancion, Manufacturer of Arms, Liege. 
Jean Beco, Mining Engineer, Brussels. 

A. J. Belpaire, Inspector-General of Railways and Telegraphs, Brussels. 
L. de Curte, Architect, Member of the Royal Commission of Monuments and Council for 

the Improvement of the Arts of Design, Brussels. 
Felix Duhayon, Lace Manufacturer, Judge of the Tribunal of Commerce, Brussels 



APPENDIX B. 



8 9 



E. Duisberg, Director of the Paper Manufactories of Messrs. Godin & Co. at Huy, Huy. Official 

Jos. Fayn, Mining Engineer, Consul of the Netherlands, Liege. Forms, 

P. F. Ghys-Bruneel, Lace Manufacturer, Grammont. 

Jules Havenith, Ship Owner, Consul of Austria-Hungary, Antwerp. 

J. Kindt, Inspector-General of Industry, Ministry of the Interior, Brussels. 

Eugene Meeus, Manufacturer, Member of the Chamber of Representatives, Antwerp. 

Alph. Morel, Director of the Glass Works, Lodelinsart, Charleroi. 

Henri Morel, Flax Manufacturer, Gand. 

Remy Paquot, Director of the Company of Bleyberg, Montzen. 

Edm. Parmentier, Manufacturer, Brussels. 

Ferdinand Pauwels, Historical Painter, Antwerp. 

Aug. Ronnberg, Director-General of Agriculture and Manufactures, Ministry of the Interior, 

Brussels. 
E. Sadoine, Director-General of the Company " John Cockerill," Seraing-lez-Liege. 
Jules Sauveur, Director-General of Public Instruction, Ministry of the Interior, Brussels. 
E. E. A. Scharr, Chief Engineer, Director of the Arsenal and Railways of the State, Malines. 
Alfred Simonis, Cloth Manufacturer, Member of the Chamber of Representatives, Verviers. 

RESIDENT COMMISSIONERS IN PHILADELPHIA. 

Count d'Oultremont, Brussels. 

Mr. J. Beco, Special Delegate, Brussels. 

Mr. J. van Bree, Chief of Fine Art Department, Brussels. 

Mr. J. Gody, State-Architect, Chief of the Commissioners' Office, Brussels. 

BRAZIL. 

His Highness Gaston d'Orleans, Conde d'Eu, Marshal of the Army, President. 



Viscount de Jaguary, 1st Vice-President. 
Viscount de Bonn-Retiro, 2d Vice-President. 



Viscount de Souza Franco. 
Joaquin Antonio de Azevedo. 



RESIDENT COMMISSIONERS. 

His Excellency A. P. de Carvalho Borges, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary of His Majesty the Emperor of Brazil, President, Washington, D. C. 



Mr. Fellipe Lopes Netto, Vice-President. 

Dr. Jose de Saldanha. 

Dr. Nicolas Joaquim Moreiro. 

Mr. Pedro Paes Leme. 



Captain Luiz de Saldanha, Naval Attache. 
Dr. J. M. de Silva Coutinha. 
Mr. B. F. Torreao de Barros, Secretary of 
Legation. 



Mr. Arthur Alvin, Engineer. 
CHILI. 

RESIDENT COMMISSIONERS. 

Sr. Don Adolfo Ybanez, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Chili, 

Washington. 
Edward Shippen, Esq., Consul, President, Philadelphia. 
Dr. J. Patterson Burd, Secretary and Treasurer, Philadelphia. 
Sr. Francisco Gonzalez Errazuriz, Secretary Chilian Legation, Washington. 



Hon. Jos. P. Root, Washington. 
Sr. Don Eduardo Seve. 
Sr. Rafael Masenlli. 



Sr. E. Guerra, Engineer. 
Sr. Louis Buffe. 
Sr. E. Prieto. 



Sr. A. Lay on. 



HOME COMMISSION. 



Sr. Rafael Larrain, President, Santiago. 
Sr. Maximiano Errazuriz, Santiago. 
Sr. Ignacio Domeyko, Santiago. 



Sr. Eugenio Figueora, Santiago. 



Sr. Armando Phillippi, Santiago. 

Sr. Francisco Solano Asta Buruago, Santiago. 

Sr. Ramon Barros, Santiago. 



9 o 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Official 
Forms, 
1876. 



Robert Hart, Inspector-General of Imperial 

Maritime Customs. 
G. Detring, Commissioner of Customs. 



CHINA. 
E. B 



Drew, Commissioner of Customs. 
W. Scott Fitz. 
H. Seymour Geary. 



COMMISSIONERS AT PHILADELPHIA. 



James H. Hart, Commissioner of Customs. 
Alfred Huber, Commissioner of Customs. 
J. L. Hammond, Commissioner of Customs. 



F. P. Knight. 

W. Noyes Morehouse, Imperial Maritime 
Customs, Secretary. 



DENMARK. 



Jacob Holmblad, Manufacturer, President. 

Olaf Hansen, U. S. Consul-General, Vice- 
President. 

Joh. Hansen, Austrian Consul - General, 
Treasurer. 

C. C. Burmeister, Manufacturer. 

V. Christensen, Manufacturer. 



V. Fieldskov, Sculptor. 

Chas. Hansen, Manufacturer. 

Wm. Hammer, Artist. 

Thomas Schmidt, New York. 

Frederick Ferdinand Myhlertz, Royal Dan 

ish Vice-Consul, Philadelphia. 
Th. Green, Secretary. 



EGYPT. 
His Highness Prince Mohammed Tawfic Pacha, President, Cairo. 
His Excellency Raghib Pacha, Minister of Commerce, Vice-President, Cairo. 
H. Brugsch Bey, Commissioner- General, Cairo. 

COMMISSIONERS. 

General Stone, Cairo. | M. Mahmoud Bey, Astronomer, Cairo. 

M. Mariette Bey, Director of the Museum of Antiquities, Cairo. 

M. Gastinel Bey, Professor in the Medical School, Cairo. 

M. Rogers, Director in the Ministry of Public Instruction, Cairo. 

M. Acton, Chief of Division, Ministry of Commerce, Cairo. 

M. Baudry, Architect, Cairo. | M. Delchevalerie, Attache, Cairo. 

RESIDENT MEMBERS IN PHILADELPHIA. 

H. Brugsch Bey, Commissioner- General, Cairo. 

E. Brugsch, Chief of Transportation and Installation, Cairo. 

A. Behmer, Attache Secretary, Cairo. 

Edward Ellis, Secretary and Interpreter, Cairo. 

M. Daninos, Attache, Cairo. 

FRANCE. 

M. M. Ozenne, Councillor of State, Secretary-General of the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Commerce, Commissioner- General of International Exhibitions. 

Du Sommerard, Director of the Museums of Thermes and Cluny, Commissioner- General of 
In tern ational Exh id itions. 

COMMITTEE. 

Organized under the Presidency of the Minister of Agrictdiure and Commerce. 
M. Duclerc, Vice-President of the National Assembly, Member of the Committee on Inter- 
national Exhibitions. 



Marquis de Talhouet, Deputy. 
Baron de Soubeyran, Deputy. 
Mr. Wolowski, Deputy. 
Marquis de Lafayette, Deputy. 
M. Bonnet, Deputy. 
M. Flotard, Deputy. 



M. Laboulaye, Deputy. 
M. Dietz-Monin, Deputy. 
M. Count de Bouille, Deputy. 
Viscount d'Haussonville, Deputy. 
M. de Chabrol, Deputy. 
M. Jullien, Deputy. 



APPENDIX B. 



91 



The Secretary-General of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. 

The Director-General of Customs. 

The Director of the Academy of Fine Arts. 

The Director of Consulates and Commercial Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 

M. Outrey, Minister Plenipotentiary. 

M. Du Sommerard, Director of the Museum of Thermes and Cluny. 

The Assistant-Director of Foreign Commerce. 

The President of the Paris Chamber of Commerce. 

M. Guillaume, Member of the Institute. 

Marquis de Rochambeau. I M. Sieber. 

Baron Alphonse de Rothschild. | M. Mame (Alfred). 

M. Laveissiere (Jules), Dealer in Metals. 

M. Rolleaux Dugage, Delegate Commissioner. 

M. de Fallois, late Chief of Bureau, Ministry of Public Works, Assistant Secretary. 

RESIDENT COMMISSIONERS. 

Mr. De Laforest, Consul-General of France, Commissioner- General, New York. 

Mr. Edmond Breuil, Acting Commissioner- General, New York. 

Mr. Ravin d'Elpeux, Vice-Consul, Philadelphia. 

Captain Anfrye, Military Attache, French Legation, Washington. 

Mr. A. Imbert-Gouzbeyre, Secretary, New York. 

M. Lavoinne, Special Delegate ; Ministry of Public Works. 

GERMAN EMPIRE. 

Dr. Jacobi, Royal Prussian Actual Privy-Superior-Government Councillor and Ministerial 
Director, President. 

Dr. Stuve, Royal Prussian Privy-Government Councillor and Councillor in the Ministry of 
Commerce. 

Dr. Wedding, Royal Prussian Councillor of Mines. 

Mr. Reither, Royal Bavarian Councillor of Legation. 

Mr. von Nostitz-Walwitz, Royal Saxon Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

Baron von Spitzemberg, Royal Wiirtemberg Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- 
tentiary. 

Dr. Neidhardt, Grand Ducal Hessian Ministerial Councillor. 

Mr. Kauffman, Royal Prussian Councillor of Commerce. 

Dr. Kruger, Hanseatic Minister Resident. 

Mr. von Holloben, Royal Prussian Superior Tribunal Councillor. 

Mr. Nieberding, Counsellor in the Office of the Chancellor of the Empire. 

Baron von Zedlitz, Royal Prussian Provincial Counsellor. 

Mr. F. Reuleaux, Commissioner- General. 

RESIDENT COMMISSIONERS. 



Official 
Forms, 
1876. 



John D. Lankenau, Esq., Philadelphia. 
Charles H. Meyer, Esq., Consul, Philadel- 
phia. 
Gustavus Remak, Esq., Philadelphia. 
Dr. Fred. Volck, Baltimore. 



Mr. Bartels, Engineer and Architect, Phila- 
delphia. 

Mr. Kniffler, Assistant Engineer, Philadel- 
phia. 



GREECE. 

Dr. Botassis, Special Representative, Consul-General, New York. 

GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG. 
F. Berger, Member of the Chamber of Deputies, Delegate Commissioner. 
Emile Berger, Secretary. 



9.2 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Official 

Forms> HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

l8 7 6 - Hon. S. G. Wilder, Minister of the Interior 

Honolulu. 

Hon. J. U. Kawainui, Honolulu. 

Elisha H. Allen, Jr., New York. 



H. R. Hitchcock, Special Agent, Philadel- 
phia. 
Rev. Samuel C. Daman. 
Mr. William Tufts Brigham. 



Rev. S. E. Bishop. 
ITALY. 



H. E. Baron Blanc, Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary, Washington, D. C. 

Count B. Litta, First Secretary of Legation, 
Washington, D. C. 

Chevalier Alonzo M. Viti, Vice-Consul, Phil- 
adelphia. 

A. Padovani, President of the Central Com- 
mittee, Florence. 

C. E. Bolchini. 



Joseph Dassi, President, Resident Commis- 
sion, Milan. 
N. Cantalamessa Papotti, Rome. 
Pio Baccarani, Modena. 
G. Vigna del Ferro, Secretary, Bologna. 
G. Caroni, Florence. 

Angelo Gianelli, Agent-General, Canada. 
C. Albertoni, Turin. 
Prof. Vincenzo Botta, New York. 



JAPANESE EMPIRE. 
His Excellency Okubo Toshimichi, Minister of the Interior and Privy Councillor, President. 
His Excellency Lieutenant-General Saigo Tsukumichi, Imperial Army, Vice-President. 
Mr. Kawase Hideharu, Vice-President Bureau of Agriculture and Industry, Commissioner- 
General. 

COMMISSIONERS. 

Mr. Tanaka Yoshio, Ministry of the Interior. 

Mr. Sekizawa Akekio, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Yamataka Nobuakira, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Shioda Masashi, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Suzuki Toshinobu, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Sugiyama Kadzunari, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Hidaka Ziro, Lieutenant of Imperial Army. 

Dr. G. Wagener, Foreign Adviser to the Board of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Omori Korenaka, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Ishiwara Toyoyasu, Bureau of Agriculture nd Industry. 

Mr. Ishita Tametake, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Yamao Tsunetaro, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Kubo Hiromichi, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Fukui Makoto, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Shibata Hiroshi, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Makiyama Kohei, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Asami Tchiuga, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Ishii Yoshitaka, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Asahi Susumu, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Yoshio Nagamasa, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

Mr. Sa> ase Motoakira, Bureau of Agriculture and Industry. 

HONORARY COMMISSIONERS. 



Mr. Utsunomiya Saburo, Department of 
Public Works. 



Mr. Tokugawa Akitake. 
Mr. Komuchi Tomotsune. 



Mr. Fritz Cunlifife Owen. 

AGENTS. 
Mr. Tomita Tetsunosuke, Vice-Consul at New York. 
Mr. Takaki Saburo, Vice-Consul at San Francisco. 
Dr. David Murrey, Agent of the Department of Public Education. 



APPENDIX B. 



93 



ATTACHES. 



Mr. Yoshikawa Nisuke. 
Mr. Injioji Komichi. 
Mr. Akusawa Susumi. 
Mr. Sanda Tadashi. 
Mr. Tawara Wakichiro. 



Official 
Forms, 

Mr. Mats'uo Iheye. 1876. 

Mr. Miyagi Chiuzayemon. 

Mr. Zasaka Yosuke. 

Mr. Asano Manzo. 

Mr. Matsuo Gisuke. 
Mr. Wakai Kanesaburo. 

MEXICO. 
Manuel M. de Zamacona, President, City of Mexico. 



Elenterio Avila, City of Mexico. 
Mariano Barcena, City of Mexico. 
Jesus Leon Calderon, Secretary, City of 
Mexico. 



Fernando Camacho, City of Mexico. 
Plutarco Ornelas, City of Mexico. 
Arturo Ibanez, Engineer, City of Mexico. 
Edith Borzell, Engineer, City of Mexico. 



NETHERLANDS. 

Dr. E. H.von Baumhauer, Honorary Professor, Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy 
of Sciences, Secretary of the Dutch Society of Sciences, Director of the Society for 
the Advancement of Industry in the Netherlands, President, Haarlem. 

Dr. W. G. Baron Brantsen van de Zyp, LL.D., Lord in Waiting to His Majesty the King 
of the Netherlands, Arnhem. 

R. C. Burlage, Consul-General of the Netherlands, New York. 

F. de Casembroot, Bart., Rear Admiral, Aide-de-Camp in Extraordinary Service to His 
Majesty the King of the Netherlands, and Member of the States General, Second 
Chamber, The Hague. 

A. H. Eigeman, President of the Society of Dutch Industrials, Leyden. 

Dr. M. W. C. Gori, Doctor of Medicine, late Medical Officer of the Netherlands Army, 
Ophthalmic Surgeon, Amsterdam. 

P. Hartsen, Chairman of the Amsterdam Board of Commerce, Amsterdam. 

J. E. van Heemskerck van Beest, Bart., late Officer in the Royal Navy, The Hague. 

Dr. W. T. A. Jonckbloet, President of the Committee of Superintendence of the Academy 
of Imitative Arts at Amsterdam, Member of the States General, Second Chamber, 
Amsterdam. 

D. van der Kellen, Jr., Member of the Direction of the Society Arti et Amicitise, at Am- 
sterdam, Director of the National Museum for History and Art, Amsterdam. 

L. C. Van Kerkwyk, Retired Lieutenant-Colonel Corps of Engineers, Member of the 
Council of Administration of the Royal Institution of Engineers, The Hague. 

H. D. Kruseman van Elten, Painter, New York. 

M. M. de Monchy, President of the Board of Commerce, at Rotterdam. 

Dr. J. Th. Mouton, Vice-President of the Society to promote Manufactures and Trade- 
Industry in the Netherlands, The Hague. 

C. Muysken, Civil Engineer and Architect, Haarlem. 

C. T. van der Oudermeulen, President of the Dutch Society of Agriculture, The Hague. 

L. Westergaard, Consul of the Netherlands, Philadelphia. 

Dr. E. M. von Baumhauer, LL.D., Assistant Secretary, Haarlem. 

A. A. M. Beretta, Assistant Architect, The Hague. 

B. C. von Staphorst, New York. 

NORWAY. 

Herman Baars, Bergen. | Wm. C. Christophersen, Buenos Ayres. 

Gerhard Gade, U. S. Consul, Christiania. 



94 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Official PERU. 



Forms, j os £ Carlos Tracy> President, New York. 



1876 



Juan Jose Barril. 



Win, Runell Grace. 

Antonia Hernandez, Chief of Installation. 



Enrique Valiente, Secretary. 

PORTUGAL. 

His Excellency Baron de Sant' Anna, Portuguese Minister, Royal Commissioner, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

SPECIAL COMMISSIONERS. 



M. Jayme Batalha Reis, Agricultural 
Section. 

M. Lourenco Malheiro, Industrial Section. 

Alfredo Carlos Lecocq, Attache Agricul- 
tural Section. 

Meni Rodrigues de Vasconcelloa, Attache. 



Caetano Olympio Rovere, Attache, 
Antonio Joze Antunes Navarro, Attache 

Industrial Section. 
Jorge Candido Berkley Colter. 
Thomaz Victor Da Costa Sequeira. 
Walter Donaldson, Secretary. 



RUSSIA 
Alexandre Boutowski, Privy Councillor, Director of the Department of Commerce and 

Manufactures, President. 
Dmitri Kobeko, Privy Councillor, Chief of Cabinet, Ministry of Finance. 
Nicolas Yermakoff, Actual Councillor of State, Vice-Director the Department of Commerce 

and Manufactures. 
Charles de Bielsky, Actual Councillor of State, Commissioner- General. 
lean Wischnegradsky, Actual Councillor of State, Director of the Technological Institute 

of St. Petersburg. 
Michel Podobedoff, Actual Councillor of State, Ministry of Finance. 
Alexis Behr, Actual Councillor of State, Ministry of Finance. 

Nicolas Iljine, Councillor of State, Professor in Technological Institute of St. Petersburg. 
Dimitri Timiriasef, Councillor of State, Ministry of Finance. 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AT PHILADELPHIA. 

Charles de Bielsky, Actual Councillor of State, Commissioner- General. 

Baron Gustav Nolcken, Delegate, Ministry of Finance. 

Emile de Lerche, Delegate, Ministry of Finance. 

Alexandre Goldechen, Delegate, Ministry of Finance. 

Charles Breckman, Delegate, Ministry of Finance. 

Leon Warschawsky, Delegate, Ministry of Finance. 

Alexander Pletneff, Delegate, Ministry of Finance. 

Pierre Orloff, Secretary. 

Modest Kittary, Delegate of the Ministry of War, Privy Councillor. 

John Heardt, Delegate of the Ministry of War. 

Dr. Wyvodzeff, Delegate of the Ministry of War. 

Captain von der Hoven, Delegate of the Ministry of War. 

Captain L. Semetshken, Delegate of the Ministry of the Navy. 

Mr. Kadleshoff, Delegate of the Ministry of Domains. 

Charles Schoeneich, Engineer, Inspector of the Russian Section. 

L. Nicholsky. 

Baron Heking. 

L. Poliakoff. 

Alexander Dobronitzky. 

Alexander Helmholtz. 

Bazil Timiriazeff. 

Otto Kitzing, Special Secretary 

Ernest Pelletier, Attache. 



APPENDIX B. 



95 



SPAIN. Official 

. . 7 Forms, 

Colonel F. Lopez Fabra, Royal Commissioner- General. l8 6 _ 

Colonel Juan J. Marin, Engineer Corps Spanish Army. 

Don Enrique Brotons, Secretary. 

Don Alvaro de la Gandara, Director of the Industrial Department. 

Count del Donadio, Director of the Department of Fine Arts. 

Don Jose Jordana y Morera, Director of the Agricultural Department. 

Don Juan Morphy, Consul-General of Spain, Philadelphia. 

Don Julian a Principe, Vice-Consul, Attache. 

Don Miguel Gonzalez, Attache. 

Don Jose Fonrodona, Attache. 

CHIEFS OF BUREAUS. 

Don Alfredo Escobar. | Don Enrique Borrell. 

CHIEFS OF INSTALLATION. 

Don Bernardo Forzano. | Don Francisco Forzano. 

Don Francisco Parody, Interpreter. 

SWEDEN. 
P. A. Bergstrom, late Minister of Interior, President of Board of Domains, President, 

Stockholm. 
C. O. Troilius, Director-General of Government Railways, Vice-President, Stockholm. 
F. L. von Dardel, Director-General of Board of Public Buildings, Stockholm. 
Ch. Dickson, M.D., Goteborg. 
A. H. E. Fock, Baron, Chief of Board of Controls, Stockholm 

F. W. Scholander, Professor, Academy of Fine Arts, Stockholm. 
C. L. Lundstrom, Manufacturer, Stockholm. 

N. H. Elfving, U. S. Consul, Stockholm. 

S. Stenberg, Professor, Carolinian Medico-Chirurgical Institute, Stockholm. 

A. R. Akerman, Professor, School of Mines, Stockholm. 

J. Bolinder, Manufacturer, Stockholm. 

J. Lenning, Manufacturer, Norrkoping. 

C. F. Lundstrom, Manufacturer, Goteborg. 

CI. G. Breitholtz, Colonel of Artillery, Stockholm. 

K. Peyron, Captain in the Navy, Chamberlain, Stockholm. 

E. Widmark, Chief of the Board of Public Education. 

H. Widegren, Superintendent of Fisheries, Stockholm. 

P. E. Sidenbladh, Secretary of the Central Board of Statistics, Stockholm. 

V. Norman, Captain of Engineers, Secretary, Stockholm. 

COMMISSION IN PHILADELPHIA. 

C. Juhlin-Dannfelt, Coi7imissioner- General, Stockholm. 

Charles Bildt, Chamberlain, Assistant Commissioner, Philadelphia. 

L. Westergaard, Consul, Assistant Commissioner, Philadelphia. 

Dr. J. Lindahl, Secretary, Lund. 

Dr. Wm. P. Headden, Assistant Secretary, Philadelphia. 

W. Hoffstedt, Engineer, Secretary of the Judges, Stockholm. 

M. Isaeus, Architect, Stockholm. 

Count Fr. Posse, Superintendent of the Machinery Department, Stockholm. 

SPECIAL COMMISSIONERS. 

G. W. Bergman, Captain of Artillery, Army Department, Stockholm. 
E. Brusewitz, Engineer, Metallurgical Department, Stockholm, 



Forms 
1876. 



96 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Official Baron O. Hermelin, Fine Art Department, Stockholm. 

A. E. Jacobi, Engineer, Machinery Department, Stockholm. 
C. J. Meijerberg, Professor Educational Department, Stockholm. 
Dr. H. A. W. Lindehn, Stockholm. 

SWITZERLAND. 

Dr. Schenk, Member of Federal Council, Chief of the Department of Railways and 

Commerce, President. 
Mr. John Hitz, Consul-General of Switzerland, Washington. 
Mr. R. Koradi, Consul, Resident Commissioner, Philadelphia. 
Mr. W. Itchner, Vice-Consul, Philadelphia. 
Dr. Adolph Hirsch, Director of the Observatory, Neuchatel. 
Mr. Paur-Usteri, Engineer, Zurich. 
Mr. Salvisberg, Architect, Berne. 
Dr. Emile Schumacher, Luzern. 

Colonel Siegfried, Chief of Bureau of the General Staff. 
Mr. Steinmann-Bucher, Secretary of the Department of Commerce, Zurich. 
Dr. Fr. de Tschudi, Councillor of State, St. Gall. 
Dr. Willi, Secretary Federal Department of Commerce, Secretary, Berne. 

RESIDENT COMMISSION IN SWITZERLAND. 
Colonel H. Rieter, Commissioner- General, Winterthur. 



Mr. Edward Guyer, Federal Commissioner 

for Philadelphia, Zurich. 
Theodore Gribi, Neuchatel. 



RESIDENT COMMISSIONERS IN PHILADELPHIA. 

Mr. John E. Icely, Engineer, Basle. 
Mr. Joseph Beeler, Secretary, Weesen. 
Ernest Eugster, Textile Industries, Speicher. 



TUNIS. 
His Excellency Sidi Heussein, General of Division, Minister of Instruction and Public 

Works, President. 
G. H. Heap, Esq., Resident Commissioner. 

TURKEY. 

His Excellency G. d'Aristarchi Bey, Minister Plenipotentiary, President, Washington, D. C. 

Baltazzi Effendi, First Secretary of Legation, Washington, D. C. 

Rustem Effendi, Second Secretary of Legation, Washington, D. C. 

Count Delia Sala. 

Mr. Edward Sherer, Acting Consul, New York. 

Mr. Auguste Giese, Honorary Member, New York. 

UNITED KINGDOM AND COLONIES. 

His Grace the Duke of Richmond and Gordon, K.G., Lord President of the Council. 
The Right Hon. Viscount Sandon, M.P., Vice-President of the Committee of Council on 
Education. 

SPECIAL COMMISSIONER TO REPRESENT GREAT BRITAIN AT OPENING CEREMONIAL. 
The Right Hon. Sir Edward Thornton, K.C.B., Her Britannic Majesty's Envoy Extraordi- 
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Washington. 

JOINT EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONERS. 

Colonel Herbert B. Sandford, R.A. | Prof. Thos. C. Archer, F.R.S.F 



APPENDIX B. 



97 



HONORARY COMMISSIONERS. Official 

Charles E. K. Kortright, Esq., Her Britannic Majesty's Consul for Pennsylvania, Philadel- i ^ i> ' 

phia. 
A. J. Drexel, Esq., Philadelphia. 
Geo. W. Childs, Esq., Philadelphia. 

A. J. R. Trendell, Esq., Secretary, and Official Delegate to British Judges. 

EXECUT VE STAFF. 

Thomas A. Wright, Superintendent Industrial Space. 

John Anderson, LL.D., Superintendent General Machinery. 

J. M. Jopling, Superintendent Fine Arts. 

B. T. Brandreth Gibbs, Superintendent Agriculture and Horticulture. 
J. H. Cundall, Assistant General Superintendent and Engineer. 

Hugh Willoughby Sweny, Assistant Superintendent Catalogue, and Official Publications. 

Frederick J. Hodgkinson, Financial Clerk. 

Ernest Charrington, Attache. 

J. M. Brett, in charge India Section. 

BAHAMAS. 
Dr. Edw. T. Webb, Philadelphia. | Hon. T. Darling. 

BERMUDA. 
His Honor Thomas L. Wood, Chief Justice, President. 
Hon. Henry Fowler, Receiver-General. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Bland, R.E. 

James Tucker, Esq., Colonial Secretary, Honorary Secretary. 
Captain Lockhart, R.A., A.D.C. 

ASSISTANT COMMISSIONERS. 

Major Wilkinson. 

A. H. Frazer Lefroy, Esq. 

W. S. Barr, Esq. 



H. J. Hinson, Esq., M.D. 
J. B. Heyl, Esq. 
C. C. Keane, Esq. 



RESIDENT COMMISSIONER. 

A. A. Outerbridge, Esq., Philadelphia. 

BRITISH GUIANA. 
A. E. Outerbridge, Esq., Philadelphia. 

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. 
H. Crawford Coates, Esq., Executive Commissioner, Philadelphia. 

CANADA. 
Senator Luc Letellier de St. Just, Minister of Agriculture of Canada, President, Ottawa. 

HONORARY COMMISSIONERS. 

Hon. S. C. Wood, Provincial Treasurer, Ontario. 
Hon. P. A. Garneau, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. 
Hon. P. Carteret Hill, Provincial Secretary, Nova Scotia. 
Hon. J. J. Fraser, Provincial Treasurer, New Brunswick. 
Hon. L. C. Owen, Attorney-General, Prince Edward Island. 
Hon. W. J. Armstrong, Minister of Agriculture, British Columbia. 
Hon. Mr. Nolin, Minister of Agriculture, Manitoba. 

EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONERS. 

Hon. E. G. Penny, Senator, Quebec. 
Hon. R. D. Wilmot, Senator, New Bruns- I D. Macdougall, Esq., Berlin, Ontario, 
wick. I J. Perrault, Esq., Secretary, Ottawa. 

7 



9 8 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 187 1 



Official 
Forms, 
1876. 



JAMAICA. 
Wm. Robert Thomson, Esq., Kingston. 

NEW SOUTH WALES. 
His Honor Sir James Martin Knight, Chief Justice, President. 
The Hon. John Hay, President of the Legislative Council, Vice-President. 
The Hon. George Wigram Allen, Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, Vice-President. 
The Hon. Sir Edward Deas-Thomson, C.B., K.C.M.G., M.L.C., Vice-President. 



COMMISSIONERS. 



The Rev. Chas. Badham, D.D. 

Samuel Bennett, Esq. 

James Byrnes, Esq. 

R. W. Cameron, Esq. 

The Hon. G. H. Cox, M.L.C. 

J. R. Fairfax, Esq. 

Andrew Garren, Esq., LL.D. 

The Hon. S. D. Gordon, M.L.C. 

Henry Halloran, Esq. 

Edw. S. Hill, Esq., J.P. 

The Hon. Thomas Holt, M.L.C. 

P. A. Jenning, Esq. 

G. W. Lord, Esq., M.P. 

The Hon. Sir Wm. Macarthur, Knt., M.L.C. 

William Macleay, Esq., F.L.S. 

T. S. Mort, Esq. 

Benjamin Palmer, Esq., Mayor of Sydney. 

Commander Thomas Stackhouse, R.N. 

Alexander Stuart, Esq., M.P. 

George Thornton, Esq., J.P. 

William Wallis, Esq. 

James Watson, Esq., M.P. 

The Hon. J. B. Watt, M.L.C. 

Fitz- William Wentworth, Esq. 

John Williams, Esq. 

W. C. Windeyer, Esq. 

Robert Wisdom, Esq., M.P. 



John Woods, Esq. 

William Wolfen, Esq. 

Philip Francis Adams, Esq. 

P. F. Adams, Esq. 

Robert Adams, Esq. 

John Belisario, Esq. 

Rev. W. B. Clarke, M.A. 

The Hon. Edward King Cox, M.L.C. 

Edward Flood, Esq. 

Edward Knox, Esq. 

Archibald Leversidge, Esq. 

John Living, Esq. 

The Hon. J. L. Montefiore, M.L.C. 

Professor Swersedge. 

James Powell, Esq. 

Charles Moore, Esq. 

James Norton, Esq. 

Christopher Rolleston, Esq. 

Archibald Thompson, Esq. 

H. C. Russell, Esq. 

P. N. Trebeck, Esq. 

The Hon. James White, M.L.C. 

Charles Smith Wilkinson, Esq. 

James Newton, Esq. 

Mr. Julian Salomons. 

Mr. John Badgery. 

Joseph Thompson, Esq. 



RESIDENT COMMISSIONERS. 



Augustus Morris, Esq., Executive Commis- 
sioner, New York. 

Marshall Burdekin, Esq., Sydney. 

Roderick William Cameron, Esq., New 
York. 

Sir Daniel Cooper, Baronet, London. 

Edward Flood, Esq., Sydney. 

Dr. R. W. Porbes, New York. 

Patrick Alfred Jennings, Esq., Sydney. 

The Hon. Jacob Levi Montefiore, Member of 
the Legislative Council of New South 
Wales, Sydney. 



George Oakes, Esq., Sydney. 

Joseph James Phelps, Member of the Legis- 
lative Assembly of New South Wales, 
Sydney. 

George Russell, Esq., Scotland. 

The Hon. James White, Member of the Leg- 
islative Council of New South Wales, 
Sydney. 

Andrew Garran, Esq., LL.D., Sydney. 

William Morris, Esq. 

Christopher Rolleston, Esq. 

A. D. Shepard, Esq., Adelong. 



Charles Robinson, Secretary. 



APPENDIX B. 



99 



NEW ZEALAND. 

The Hon. Walter Baldok Durant Mantell, M.L.C., Chairman. 

The Hon. William Gisborne. | William Hort Levin, Esq. 

Daniel Mclntyre, Esq., Consular Agent of the United States Government at Wellington. 

James Hector, Esq., C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S., Special Commissioner. 

Arrhur Thomas Bothamley, Secretary. 



Official 
Forms, 
1876. 



Angus Mackay, Esq. 
P. A. Jennings, Esq. 
W. B. Tooth, Esq. 



QUEENSLAND. 

W. Hill, Esq. 
W. R. Gordon, Esq. 
C Strager, Esq. 
T. Stoman, Esq. 



SOUTH AUSTRALIA (Adelaide). 

His Excellency Sir Anthony Musgrave, Esq., C.M.G., Chairman. 

The Hon. W. Everard, Commissioner of Crown Lands. 

The Hon. H. E. Bright, M.L.C., J.P., Commissioner of Public Works. 

The Hon. John Crozier, M.L.C., J.P. 

The Hon. Wentwood Cavanagh, Esq., M.P., J.P. 

Josiah Boothly, Esq., J.P. 

E. W. Andrew, Esq., J.P. 

S. Davenport, Esq., J. P., Special Commis 

sioner. 
Joseph Crompton, Esq., J.P. 
George McEwen, Esq., J.P. 
Dr. Schomburgh, D.P., J.P. 
Caleb Peacock, Esq., J.P. 
R. D. Ross, Esq., M.P., J.P. 



E. S. Smith, Esq., M.P., J.P. 
Water Hackel, Esq. 
I. A. Holden, Esq., J.P. 
S. V. Pozy, Esq. 

C. J. Coates, Esq., Commissioner and Hon- 
orary Secretary. 

F. G. Waterhouse, Esq. 
W. A. E. West Erskine, Esq. 



H. P. Welch, Esq., Commissioner. 



TASMANIA. 

I P. A. Jennings, Esq. 



VICTORIA. 



Sir Redmond Barry, Acting Chief Justice of 

The Hon. J. J. Casey, M.P. 

The Hon. J. F. Sullivan, M.P. 

The Hon. C. J. Jenner, M.L.C. 

The Hon. Jas. Munro, M.P. 

J. Mcllwraith, Esq. 

L. J. Sherrard, Esq. 

Count de Castlenau. 

The Hon. S. H. Bindon. 

Jas. Bosisto, Esq., M.P. 

Jas. Gatehouse, Esq., Mayor of Melbourne. 



the Supreme Court, President. 
J. I. Bleasdale, D.D. 

The Hon. Sir John O'Shanassy, K.C.M.G. 
The Hon. Sir James McCulloch, M.P. 
The Hon. John Alexander Macpherson, 

M.P. 
The Hon. John Thomas Smith, M.P 
Leslie James Sherrard, Esq. 
John Danks, Esq. 
John Mclntyre, Esq. 
George Collins Levey, Esq., Secretary. 



VENEZUELA. 
Mr. Leon de la Cova, Consul, Philadelphia. 
Dr. Adolphus Ernst, Professor University at Caracas. 

A. T. 
JOS. R. HAWLEY, President. 

JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 



GOSHORN, Director- General. 



10 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

official [No. 240.] 

Forms, TO THE EDITORS OF NEWSPAPERS. 

1876-77. 

Office of the Secretary, Philadelphia^ 1876. 

To the Editor of _ 

Dear Sir, — Please accept my thanks for your kindness in supplying the Commission 
with your valuable paper during the continuance of the Exhibition. As the work is now 
drawing to a close, we shall have no further need to avail ourselves of your courtesy. 

Yours respectfully, 

JOHN L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 



[No. 241.] 

CIRCULAR LETTER TO EXHIBITORS RECEIVING AWARDS. 

Philadelphia, 1877. 



Sir, — The inclosed is a certified copy of the Report of the Judges as accepted by the 
United States Centennial Commission, and in conformity with which an award was de- 
creed to you. 

You will be notified when the Diploma and Medal are ready for delivery. 
Please acknowledge receipt of this report. 

Yours respectfully, 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director-General. 



APPENDIX C. ioi 



APPENDIX C 



LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE ACTION OF THE GOVERN- Government 
MENT OF THE UNITED STATES. action - 



ACT OF CONGRESS CREATING THE CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. 

Approved March 3, 187 1. 
An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independ- 
ence, by holding an International Exhibition of A^ts, Manufactures, and Products of 
the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Whereas, The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America was 
prepared, signed, and promulgated in the year seventeen hundred and seventy-six, in the 
City of Philadelphia; and whereas, it behoves the people of the United States to celebrate, 
by appropriate ceremonies, the Centennial anniversary of this memorable and decisive 
event, which constituted the fourth day of July, Anno Domini seventeen hundred and 
seventy-six, the birthday of the nation ; and whereas, it is deemed fitting that the comple- 
tion of the first century of our national existence shall be commemorated by an Exhibition 
of the natural resources of the country and their development, and of its progress in those 
arts which benefit mankind, in comparison with those of older nations; and whereas, no 
place is so appropriate for such an Exhibition as the city in which occurred the event it is 
designed to commemorate; and whereas, as the Exhibition should be a National Celebra- 
tion, in which the people of the whole country should participate, it should have the sanc- 
tion of the Congress of the United States ; therefore, 

Section i. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
Slates of America in Congress assembled, That an Exhibition of American and Foreign 
Arts, Products, and Manufactures sha I be held, under the auspices of the Government of 
the United States, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Sec. 2. That a Commission, to consist of not more than one delegate from each State 
and from each Territory of the United States, whose functions shall continue until the close 
of the Exhibition, shall be constituted, whose duty it shall be to prepare and superintend 
the execution of a plan for holding the Exhibition ; and, after conference with the authori- 
ties of the City of Philadelphia, to fix upon a suitable site within the corporate limits of the 
said city where the Exhibition shall be held. 

Sec. 3. That said Commissioners shall be appointed within one year from the passage 
of this Act by the President of the United States, on the nomination of the Governors of 
the States and Territories respectively. 

Sec. 4. That in the same manner there shall be appointed one Commissioner from each 
State and Territory of the United States, who shall assume the place and perform the duties 
of such Commissioner and Commissioners as may be unable to attend the meetings of the 
Commission. 

Sec. 5. That the Commission shall hold its meetings in the City of Philadelphia, and 
that a majority of its members shall have full power to make all needful rules for its 
--overnment. 



102 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1S76. 

Government Sec. 6. That the Commission shall report to Congress, at the first session after its 

appointment, a suitable elate for opening and for closing the Exhibition ; a schedule of 
appropriate ceremonies for opening and dedicating the same ; a plan or plans of the build- 
ings; a complete plan for the reception and classification of articles intended for exhibition; 
the requisite custom-house regulations for the introduction into this country of the articles 
from foreign countries intended for exhibition; and such other matters as in their judgment 
may be important. 

Sec. 7. That no compensation for services shall be paid to the Commissioners or other 
officers provided by this Act from the Treasury of the United States; and the United States 
shall not be liable for any expenses attending such Exhibition, or by reason of the same. 

Sec. 8. That whenever the President shall be informed by the Governor of the State 
of Pennsylvania that provision has been made for the erection of suitable buildings fi r the 
purpose, and for the exclusive control by the Commission herein provided for of the proposed 
Exhibition, the President shall, through the Department of State, make proclamation of the 
same, setting forth the time at which the Exhibition will open and the place at which it will 
be held; and he shall communicate to the diplomatic representatives of all nations copies of 
the same, together with such regulations as may be adopted' by the Commissioners, for publi- 
cation in their respective countries. 

Approved March 3, 1871. 



ACT OF CONGRESS CREATING THE CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. 

Approved June 1, 1872. 

An Act relative to the Centennial International Exhibition to be held in the City of 
Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 
Whereas, Congress did provide by an Act entitled " An Act to provide for the celebra- 
ting the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an Interna- 
tional Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of 
Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," 
approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, for the appointment of Commis- 
sioners to promote and control the Exhibition of the national resources and their develop- 
ment, and the nation's progress in arts which benefit mankind, and to suggest and direct 
appropriate ceremonies by which the people of the United States may commemorate that 
memorable and decisive event, the Declaration of American Independence by the Congress 
of the United Colonies, assembled in the City of Philadelphia, on the fourth day of July, 
Anno Domini seventeen hundred and seventy-six ; and whereas, such provisions should be 
made for procuring the funds requisite for the purposes aforesaid as will enable all the 
people of the United States, who have shared the common blessings resulting from national 
independence, to aid in the preparation and conduct of said International Exhibition and 
memorial celebration under the direction of the Commissioners of the United States ; 
therefore, 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of 
America in Congress assembled, That there is hereby created a body corporate, to be known 
by the name of the Centennial Board of Finance, and by that name to have an incorporate 
existence until the object for which it is formed shall have been accomplished; and it shall 
be competent to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, defend and be defended, in all 
courts of low and equity in the United States; and may make and have a corporate seal, 
and may purchase, take, have, and hold, and may grant, sell, and at pleasure dispose of all 
such real and personal estate as may be required in carrying into effect the provisions of 
an Act of Congress, entitled "An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anni- 



APPENDIX C. I0 3 

versary of American Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts and Government 
Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State actlon - 
of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," approved March third, 
eighteen hundred and seventy-one, and all Acts supplementary thereto ; and said Centennial 
Board of Finance shall consist of the following-named persons, their associates and suc- 
cessors, from the States and Territories as herein set forth: 

Alabama. — At large: Robert M. Patton, John W. Darr, William H. Barnes, William 
Miller, Edward W. Pettus, Benjamin S. Turner. First District : John Hardy, J. M. 
Withers. Second District: E. R. Mitchell, Robert W. Healy. Third District : Oceola Kyle, 
Culen A. Battle. Fourth District: Joseph H. Speed, G. W. M. Golson. Fifth District: 
William H. Forney, Richard W. Walker. Sixth District: William H. Campbell, Charles 
Gibson. For additional District: Josiah Morris, E. M. Keils. 

Arizona. — Augustus H. Whiting, Charles H. Lord. 

Arkansas. — At large: A. P. Bishop, James Torrens, D. C. Casey, George R. Weeks. 
First District : John T. Jones, William R. Miller. Second District: Henry B. Morse, James 
W. Mason. Third District: Irving W. Fuller, Samuel W. Williams. For additional Dis- 
trict: H. A. Millen, Joseph Stanley. 

California. — At large : A. S. Hallidie, Thomas H. Selby, George Oulton, Nathan 
Coombs. First District : William C. Ralston, Milton S. Latham. Second District: Leland 
Stanford, Edgar Mills. Third District: L. B. Mizner, John J. De Haven. For additional 
District: John G. Downey, T. Ellard Beans. 

Colorado.— D. H. Moffat, Jr., George W. Chilcott. 

Connecticut. — At large: James G. Batterson, Benjamin Douglas, John F. Slater, Orrin 
Benedict, Eli Whitney. First District: Ward Cheney, Geo. Maxwell. Second District: 
Charles Parker, Charles Atwater. Third District : John Tracy, Henry P. Haven. Fourth 
District: Nathaniel Wheeler, E. Grove Lawrence. 

Dakota. — M. K. Armstrong, John A. Burbank. 

Delaware. — Henry G. Banning, Nathaniel Williams, Joseph P. Comegys, William 
Townsend, J. Turpin Moore, William D. Waples. 

District of Columbia. — Henry D. Cooke, Alexander R. Shepher I. 

Florida. — At large : John J. Philbrick, J. W. Maynard, M. L. Stearns, Philip Walter, 
L. G. Dennis, E. M. Cheney. First District : F. C. Humphrey, S. Conant. 

Georgia. — At large: George S.Owen, B. C. Yancy, R. M. Stiles, J. O. Waddell. First 
District: P. M. Nightingal, William J. Young. Second District: D. B. Harrell, E. G. 
Raiford. Third District: H. H. Carey, Samuel Hunt. Fourth District: James C. Free- 
man, L. N. Whittle. Fifth District: H. R. Casey, Pope Barrow. Sixth District: J. H. 
Nichols, J. B. Charlton. Seventh District : Thomas C. Howard, J. R. Towers. Eighth 
District : James Johnson, Alexander G. Murray. Ninth District : C. D. McCutchen, Joseph 
H. Wilkins. 

Idaho. — E. A. Stevenson, James H. Slater. 

Illinois. — At large : A. C. Babcock, James H. Bowen, John M. Reynolds, J. M. Greg- 
ory. First District : Thomas B. Bryan, George W. Gage. Second District : Henry Green - 
baum, R. T Crane. Third District : Ezra B. McCagg, Clark W. Upton. Fourth District : 
William H. Hawkins, M. L. Joslyn. Fifth District: John H. Addams, George M. Hunt. 
Sixth District: W. H. Van Epps, E. D. Sweeney. Seventh District: E. L. Waterman, 
James C. Kercheval. Eighth District: Newberry L. Fort, James W. Strevell. Ninth 
District : Horace G. Anderson, Boothe Nettleton. Tenth District : George W. Hall, James 
H. Reed. Eleventh District: James W. Singleton, J. M. Bush. Twelfth District: David 
A. Brown, John Ricks. Thirteenth District: George W. Funk, A. B. Nicholson. Four- 
teenth District: W. H. Barnes, David Bailey. Fifteenth District: James Steele, S. W. 
Moulton. Sixteenth District: Aaron H. H. Rountree, Charles Hoiles. Seventeenth Dis- 
trict : Ernst Wider, John Irwin. Eighteenth District : George W. Wall, Daniel W. Munn. 
Nineteenth District : John Landrigan, Thomas G. Ridgeway. 



action. 



IO4 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Government Indiana. — At large : Franklin Keyes, William J. Ball, Edwin J. Peck, E. B. Martin- 

dale, Smith Vauter, John Brownfield. First District: Hamilton Smith, Charles Viele 
Second District : Washington C. De Pauw, Jesse J. Brown. Third District : Thomas Gatf, 
James B. Foley. Fourth District: George C. Clark, Jesse P. Siddall. Fifth District: 
William Wallace, Theodore R. Haughey. Sixth District : R. W. Thompson, John J. Key. 
Seventh District: William H. Levering, Henry Y. Morrison. Eighth District: Herman 
E. Sterne, James L. Evans. Ninth District : Jesse L. Williams, David Kilgore. Tenth 
District : John B. Howe, David Rippy. Eleventh District : George Milburn, Sidney Keith. 
For additional District : John W. Grubbs, Godlove S. Orth. 

Iowa.— At large: Samuel Murdock, L. W. Ross, J. M. Shaffer, F. R. West. First Dis- 
trict : James Putnam, Arthur Bridgman. Second District: Milo Smith, John Helsinger. 
Third District: Benjamin B. Richards, James H. Easton, Fourth District: S. H. Curtis, 
J. B. Powers. Fifth District : John F. Ely, John P. Irish. Sixth District : H. S. Winslow, 
H. Tannehill. Seventh District: B. F. Murray, P. Gad Bryan. Eighth District: William 
Hale, Wayne Stenni.tt. Ninth District: E. R. Kirk, N. B. Hyatt. 

Kansas. — Orrin T. Welch, Edward Blair, H. W. Gillett, George A. Crawford, Jacob 
Stotler, William A. Phillips, E. P. Purcell, Charles Robinson, F. G. Adams, James De Long. 

Kentucky. — At large : Lucius Desha, Ignatius Spaulding, J. Stoddard Johnson, William 
W. Beckham. First District : J. C. Gilbert, F. W. Darby. Second District : Lucius P. 
Little, W. W. Kendall. Third District : John Burnham, A. G. Rhea. Fourth District : 
John M. Atherton, James Montgomery. Fifth District: John G. Baxter, R. S. Veech. 
Sixth District : James B. Casey, Joseph C. Hughes. Seventh District : Sanford Lyne, 
Robert Gayle. Eighth District : Jayson Walker, Thomas W. Varnon. Ninth District : 
Joseph Gardner, A. Daniel. Tenth District : Thornton F. Marshall, James L. Warring. 

Louisiana. — At largo : Isaac N. Marks, William D. Wylie, C. H. Slocomb, John R. 
Clay, Elbert Gault, Moses H. Crowell. First District : Effingham Lawrence, C. E. Girardey. 
Second District: S. H. Kennedy, A. D. Voisin. Third District: A. J. Sypher, B. T. 
Beauregard. Fourth District: George Williamson, A. B. Levisse. Fifth District: A. W. 
Merriam, J. Frank Pargoud. 

Maine. — At large : Abner Coburn, Philander J. Carleton, Henry E. Prentiss, William 
L. Putnam. First District: Joshua L. Chamberlain, William P. Haines. Second District: 
Josiah G. Coburn, James T. Patten. Third District : Anson P. Morrill, Edmund Wilson. 
Fourth District : George W. Ladd, Charles Shaw. Fifth District : Charles B. Paine, Charles 
B. Hazeltine. 

Maryland. — At large : Daniel R. Magruder, Henry Tyson, Ferdinand C. Latrobe, 
Thomas A. Spencer. First District : Isaac C. W. Powell, James N. Dennis. Second Dis- 
trict : Alexander Evans, Edward Spencer. Third District : James A. Henderson, William 
M. Marine. Fourth District: P. P. Pendleton, Enoch Pratt. Fifth District: Thomas 
Donaldson, Eli I. Henkle. Sixth District : J. Alfred Ritter, R. D. Johnson. 

Massachusetts. — At large : Robert C. Winthrop, Alexander H. Bullock, William Claflin, 
John M. Forbes. First District : William J. Rotch, J. B. D. Cogswell. Second District : 
Theodore Dean, Charles H. French. Third District: Alexander H. Rice, William Lloyd 
Garrison. Fourth District : Charles L. Woodbury, Rufus S. Frost. Fifth District : Addi- 
son Gilbert, William N. Gushing. Sixth District : Cyrus Wakefield, George O. Brastow. 
Seventh District : Daniel S. Richardson, Leverett Saltonstall. Eighth District : P. Emery 
Aldrich, Daniel Waldo Lincoln. Ninth District : H. S. Knight, Ch lies A. Stevens. 
Tenth District : Ensign H. Kellogg, Chester W. Chapin. For additional District : J. Wiley 
Edmands, Emory Washburn. 

Michigan.— hi large : D. H. Jerome, F. B. Stockbridge, Hezekiah G. Wells, George 
Willard. First District : Ben Vernor, George F. Bagley. Second District : E. O. Gros- 
venor, C. H. Miller. Third District: Amos Root, Henry C. Lewis. Fourth District: 
Germain H. Mason, F. W. Curtenius. Fifth District: Hampton Rich, Charles T. Hill. 
Sixth District: W. M. McConnell, E. H. Thomson. Seventh District: John Divine, 



APPENDIX C. 



105 



Henry Stephens. Eighth District : Alfred F. R. Braley, James Shearer. Ninth District : Government 
Hiram A. Burt, Perry Hannah. action - 

Minnesota. — At large : H. H. Sibley, Thomas Foster, Thomas Simpson, E. A. McMahon. 
First District : Sherman Page, H. H. Johnson. Second District : Ignatius Donnelly, George 
W. Batchelder. Third District : Russel Blakely, Paris Gibson. 

Mississippi. — At large: E. G. Peyton, J. F. Simmons, H. R. Pease, Samuel Young. 
First District : E. C. Gillenwaters, Paul Barrenger. Second District : Marion Campbell, 
S. S. Fairfield. Third District : A. P. Huggins, Robert Gleed. Fourth District : J. A. P. 
Campbell, A. Warner Fifth District: James M. McKee, Charles Caldwell. Sixth District : 
John R. Lynch, John D. Moore. 

Missouri. — At large : Samuel L. Sawyer, William H. Newland, William G. Elliott, 
C. F. Lohman. First District : Henry Overstolz, W. H. Stone. Second District : Henry 
T. Blow, A. Krieckhaus. Third District : Ed. Harrison, A. D. Leach. Fourth District : 
N. H. Dale, P. S. Sinclair. Fifth District : Nelson C. Burch, A. D. Jaynes. Sixth Dis- 
trict : E. H. Norton, Alexander W. Doniphan. Seventh District : William R. Penick, 
Philip A. Thompson. Eighth District: John M. Glover, John H. Williams. Ninth Dis- 
trict: William A. Alexander, Charles R. Harden. For four additional Districts: L. J. 
Matthews, Joseph L. Stephens, J. P. Strother, Thomas D. Neal, Arthur B. Barrett, James 
Shields, Louis V. Bogy, Samuel Gity. 

Montana. — Granville Stuart, Frank Culver. 

Nebraska. — At large: John I. Redick, J. B. Weston, D. Remick, A. J. Cropsy. First 
District: E. PL Rogers, Alvin Saunders. 

Nevada. — At large: F. A. Fritle, J. W. Haines, C. H. Eastman, Benjamin H. Meader. 
First District: Frank Tilford, S. H. Wright. 

New Hampshire. — At large : Person C. Cheeney, George W. Burleigh, Dexter Richards, 
David Gillis. First District: Albert R. HUch, Samuel M.Wheeler. Second District: 
James A. Weston, George T. Sawyer. Third District: Harry Bingham, Samuel W. Hale. 

New Jersey. — At large: Joel Parker, Charles S. Olden, Marcus L. Ward, Theodore F. 
Randolph. First District: Thomas H. Whitney, Thomas R. McKeen. Second District: 
Charles Hewitt, Gershom Mott. Third District: James Bishop, Amos Clark, Jr. Fourth 
District: William Cowen, Charles Sitgr^aves. Fifth District: Louis B. Cobb, Abram S. 
Hewitt. Sixth District: Thomas B. Peddie, George Peters. Seventh District: Benjamin 
G. Clark, Aenas Fitzpatrick. 

New Mexico. — A. P. Sullivan, C. P. Clever. 

New York. — At large: George Opclyke, Andrew D. White, Ira Harris, John A. King, 
Philo Remington, Perrin H. McGraw. First District: Stephen Taber, Erastus Brooks. 
Second District: Alexander Cunningham, William P. Libby. Third District: Edward 
Rowe, William I. Buddington. Fourth District : Robert Macoy, George Ricard. Fifth 
District: E. J. Shandly, James Hays. Sixth District: John A. Hardenbergh, Douglas 
Taylor. Seventh District : Herman Uhl, Charles E. Loew. Eighth District : Edward 
Cooper, William C. Barrett. Ninth District: Matthew T. Brennan, Henry W. Genet. 
Tenth District : Saxton Smith, William H. Robertson. Eleventh District : John Conkling, 
James W. Taylor. Twelfth District: John P. Adriance, Charles H. Stott. Thirteenth Dis- 
trict: J. H. Meech, Thomas Cornell. Fourteenth District: Robert Waterman, Joseph C. 
Y. Page. Fifteenth District: A. H. Griswold, C. R. Ingalls. Sixteenth District: George 
V. Hoyle, Winslow C. Watson. Seventeenth District : William Andrus, Edwin W. Foster. 
Eighteenth District : Thomas B. Mitchell, Horace E. Smith. Nineteenth District : Henry 
R. Mygatt, James H. Graham. Twentieth District : William W. Taggart, Henry E. Tur- 
ner. Twenty-first District : Samuel Campbell, P. C. Costello. Twenty-second District : 
Henry Ten Eyck, A. H. Failing. Twenty-third District : R. Nelson Gere, Conrad Shoe- 
maker. Twenty-fourth District : Alexander Gilchrist, Fred. L. Manning. Twenty-fifth 
District : Archibald Kennedy, James C. Smith. Twenty-sixth District : Abraham Law- 
rence, Benjamin N. Loomis. Twenty-seventh District: Rufus Scott, S. M. Thatcher. 



I0 6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Government Twenty-eighth District: Joseph M. Cornell, James H. Kelley. Twenty-ninth District: 
action. Benjamin Pringle, Thomas T. Flagler. Thirtieth District : Pascal P. Pratt, William G. 

Fargo. Thirty-first District; Alonzo F. Hawley, Charles D. Murray. For two additional 
Districts : John P. Acker, Daniel Pratt, Socrates N. Sherman, Winfield S. Cameron. 

North Carolina. — At large : D. M. Barringer, E. R. Spaulding, \V. M. Shipp, Louis 
Hilliard. First District : Walter Clark, John M. Bateman. Second District : John Rob- 
inson, John Norfleet. Third District : Edward Kidder, John D. Williams. Fourth Dis- 
trict : Kemp P. Battle, Isaac J. Young. Fifth District : A. M. Scales, Montford McGee. 
Sixth District: H. W. Guion, David Schenck. Seventh District: Joseph W. Hall, N. S. 
Williams. Eighth District : W. W. Rollins, Thomas L. Clingman. 

Ohio. — At large : Edward F. Noyes, B. F. Wade, William Allen, William S. Groesbeck, 
Martin Welker, Peter Odlin. First District : Anthony D. Bullock, Herbert Jenny. Sec- 
ond District : John K. Green, Charles Reemelin. Third District : Ed. A. Parrott, Durbin 
Ward. Fourth District : James Taylor, Geo. Keifer. fifth District : William Sawyer, 
Charles C. Marshall. Sixth District : James Wilson, William O'Collins. Seventh District : 
William Dennison, Richard A. Harrison. Eighth District : Willard S. Hickox, Isaac H 
Pennock. Ninth District : E. B. Saddler, John Gardiner : Tenth District : Richard Mott, 
W. V. Way. Eleventh District : Cyrus Ellison, L. C. Damarin. Twelfth District : Wil- 
liam L. Sullivant, W. Marshall Anderson. Thirteenth District: Charles Cooper, William 
P. Reid. Fourteenth District: Harrison G. Blake, Norton S. Townsend. Fifteenth Dis- 
trict : Valentine B. Horton, Joshua Davis. Sixteenth District : Charles P. Dewey, William 
M. Farrar. Seventeenth District : Cornelius Aultman, Joel Sharp. Eighteenth District : 
Amos Townsend, Lewis Miller. Nineteenth District: Henry B. Perkins, M. C. Canfieid. 

Oregon.— At large : A. B. Meacham, S. Ellsworth, T. F. McPatten, L. F. Lane. First 
District : A. C. Gibbs, A. H. Brown. 

Pennsylvania. — At large : Edwin H. Fitler, Jonathan R. Lowrie, William Colder, Wil- 
liam M. Lyon, John H. Michener, Dr. Joshua Y. Jones. First District : R. Rundle 
Smith, Robert Nebinger. Second District : Joseph F. Tobias, Charles J. Stille. Third 
District : John L. Shoemaker, Henry D. Welsh. , Fourth District : Matthew Baird, Wil- 
liam Sellers. Fifth District: Lucius P.Thompson, H. T. Darlington. Sixth District: 
John Tracy, George H. Rupp. Seventh District: S. B. Worth, James M. Wilcox. Eighth 
District : Isaac Eckert, Henry Bushong. Ninth District : James Myers, George M. Stein- 
man. Tenth District : Benjamin Bannan, G. Dawson Coleman. Eleventh District : S. S. 
Dreher, E. J. Fox. Twelfth District : D. W. Hollenback, J. B. McCollom. Thirteenth 
District: M. C. Mercur, Thomas Beaver. Fourteenth District: William Cameron, Henry 
McCormick. Fifteenth District: C. J. T. Mclntire, John Gibson. Sixteenth District: 
Henry J. Stahle, Samuel Philson. Seventeenth District : David McMurtrie, David Wat- 
son. Eighteenth District : M. F. Elliott, H. C. Parsons. Nineteenth District : William L. 
Scott, John Patton. Twentieth District: James Pierce, Joseph H. Marston. Twenty-first 
District: H. P. Laird, Silas M. Clark. Twenty-second District: Alexander Bradley, C. 
W. Batchelor. Twenty-third District: James M. Cooper, J. N. Purviance. Twenty-fourth 
District : George C. Reis, W. T. H. Pauley. For two additional Districts : John W. Forney, 
Charles M. Hall, Alfred Hindekooper, Daniel M. Fox. 

Rhode Island. — At large : William L. Slater, Albert S. Gallup, Ambrose E. Burnside, 
James Y. Smith. First District : Charles S. Bradley, John O. Waterman. Second District: 
George H. Browne, Horace Babcock. 

South Carolina.— At large : John D. Caldwell. Alva Gage, Stanley G. Trott, James D. 
Treadwell. First District : C. W. Dudley, S. A. Swails. Second District : W. H. Bernie, 
Henry Buist. Third District: F. L. Cardozo, L. Cass Carpenter. Fourth District: A.W. 
Cummings, Y. J. P. Owens. 

Tennessee.— AX large : John C. Brown, W. II. Stephens, John Netherland, A. B. Shank- 
land, David A. Nunn, M. V. Nash. First District: M. S. Temple, W. C. Kyle. Second 
District: Jacob R. Ludlow, James M. Meek. Third District : James Sevier, M. L. McCon- 



APPENDIX C. 



107 



nell. Fourth District: James B. Lamb, John W. Burton. Fifth District: John W. Head, Government 
Robert Cantrell. Sixth District : A. M. Looney, Thomas McNeilly. Seventh District : actlon - 
D. N. Kennedy, James D. Porter. Eighth District : G. B. Black, F. B. Ragland. Ninth 
District: M. D. L. Stewart, Isaac M. Steele. 

Texas.— At large : W. K. Marshall, S. W. March, Ashbel Smith, Frederick Peterson. 
First District : E. B. Picket, John C. Robertson. Second District : E. W. Taylor, S. Hare. 
Third District : Richard Coke, Jerome B. Robertson. Fourth District : Joseph D. Sayers, 
John Ireland. For two additional Districts : C. C. Binkley, John J. Good, Peter W. Gray, 
F. L. Stockdale. 

Utah. — Abraham O. Smoot, Horace S. Eldredge. 

Vermont. — Horace Fairbanks, Lawrence Brainard, Lawrence Barnes, George A. Mer- 
rill, H. G. Root, Jacob Estey, Luther Baker, Frederick Billings, Henry Chase, Henry 
Lane. 

Virginia. — At large : John L. Marye, John A. Campbell, C. Y. Thomas, Lewis "Webb. 
First District : Louis C. H. Finney, John T. Seawell. Second District : Andrew Wash- 
burne, James M. Donnan. Third District : Samuel F. Maddox, Joseph M. Humphries. 
Fourth District : George H. Southall, W. W. Forbes. Fifth District : William L. Cochran, 
Thoinas Whitehead. Sixth District: Moses Walton, John Letcher. Seventh District: 
Robert Y. Conrad, Hugh W. Sheffy. Eighth District : Edgar Snowden, Matthew Harrison. 
Ninth District : R. T. Bowen, James W. Sheffey. 

West Virginia. — At large : Henry K. List, James H. Brown, J. N. Camden, Thomas 
Sweeney. First District : Lewis Applegate, Jonathan M. Bennett. Second District : 
Francis H. Pierpont, J. Nelson Wisner. Third District : William A. Quarrier, J. M. Mc- 
Whorter. 

Wisconsin. — At large : C. C. Washburne, Alexander Mitchell, Tim. O. Howe, Charles 
A. Eldridge. First District: J. J. Case, James H. Howe. Second District: D. Hall, 
Joshua J. Guppey. Third District : John Lawler, J. C. Halloway. Fourth District : 
Angus Smith, D. W. Maxon. Fifth District : Charles Burchard, Joseph Vilas. Sixth 
District : Andrew E. Elmore, Samuel Hay. Seventh District : Dudley A. Spaulding, D. A. 
Baldwin. Eighth District : Thad. C. Pound, Walter D. Mclndo. 

Washington. — Selucius Garfielde, Toussaint Mesplie. 

Wyoming. — William A. Carter, John A. Campbell. 

Sec. 2. That the said corporation shall have authority, and is hereby empowered 
to secure subscriptions of capital stock to an amount not exceeding ten million dollars, to 
be divided into shares of ten dollars each, and to issue to the subscribers of said stock cer- 
tificates therefor under the corporate seal of said corporation, which certificates shall bear 
the signature of the President and Treasurer, and be transferable under such rules and 
regulations as may be made for the purpose. And it shall be lawful for any municipal or 
other corporate body existing by or under the laws of the United States to subscribe and 
pay for shares of said capital stock ; and all holders of said stock shall become associates 
in said corporation, and shall be entitled to one vote on each share. And it shall be the 
duty of the United States Centennial Commission to prescribe rules to enable absent stock- 
holders to vote by proxy. The proceeds of said stock, together with the receipts from 
all other sources, shall be used by said corporation for the erection of suitable buildings, 
with their appropriate fixtures and appurtenances, and for all other expenditures required 
in carrying out the objects of the said Act of Congress of March third, eighteen hundred 
and seventy-one, and which may be incident thereto. And the said corporation shall keep 
regular minutes of its proceedings, and full accounts, with the vouchers thereof, of all the 
receipts and expenditures, and the same shall be always open to the inspection of the 
United States Centennial Commission, or any members thereof. 

Sec. 3. The books of subscription shall be opened by the United States Centennial 
Commission, under such rules as it may prescribe ; and an opportunity shall be given, 
during a period of one hundred days, to the citizens of each State and Territory to sub- 



action. 



108 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Government scribe for stock to an amount not exceeding its quota, according to its population ; after 
which period of one hundred days, stock not taken may be sold to any person or persons 
or corporation willing to purchase the same. 

Sec. 4. That after the expiration of said period of one hundred days, the United 
States Centennial Commission shall issue a call for a meeting by publication in one or 
more newspapers published at the capital of each State and Territory, not less than thirty 
days prior thereto, of the corporators and all others who may then have subscribed for 
stock, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, for the purpose of electing a Board of 
Directors, to consist of twenty-five stockholders, whose term of office shall be one year, and 
until their successors shall have been qualified ; at which meeting those who may be present 
in person or by proxy, of whom one hundred shall constitute a quorum, shall be competent 
to organize and elect said officers. The said Board of Directors, and every subsequent 
Board, shall be chosen by the stockholders, out of a list of one hundred stockholders, 
selected and nominated by the United States Centennial Commission. Nine members of 
the Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but no elec- 
tion or change of officers shall take place unless at a meeting of the Board of Directors at 
which a majority shall be present. 

Sec. 5. That the said Board of Directors shall elect, from its own number, a presi- 
dent and two vice-presidents, whose term of office shall be one year, and until their suc- 
cessors shall have been duly qualified, and shall appoint a treasurer, a secretary, and such 
other officers as may be required to carry out the purposes of the corporation ; which elected 
and appointed officers shall hold their respective offices during the pleasure of the Board, 
receiving such compensation as the Board may prescribe. And the Board shall also adopt 
such by-laws, rules, and regulations for its own government, and for the government of its 
officers, as may be deemed expedient; Provided, That the same shall not be inconsistent 
with any Act of Congress or the rules adopted by the United States Centennial Commission. 

Sec. 6. That as soon as the Board of Directors shall have been duly organized, as 
provided for in section five of this Act, it shall be the duty of the United States Centennial 
Commission to deliver to the said Board all stock subscription-books, with the papers and 
records of any kind in its possession, pertaining to the same. 

Sec. 7. That the grounds for the Exhibition shall be prepared, and the buildings 
erected, by the said corporation, in accordance with the plans, which shall have been pre- 
viously adopted by the United States Centennial Commission, and the rules and regulations 
of said corporation, governing rates for " entrance" and " admission" fees, or otherwise 
affecting the rights, privileges, or interests of the exhibitors, or of the public, shall be fixed 
and established by the United States Centennial Commission ; and no grant conferring 
rights or privileges of any description connected Math the said grounds or buildings, or re- 
lating to said Exhibition or celebration, shall be made without the consent of the United 
States Centennial Commission ; and said Commission shall have power to control, change, 
or revoke all such grants, and shall appoint all judges and examiners, and award all premiums. 

Sec. 8. That the Centennial Board of Finance shall have authority to issue bonds, 
not in excess of its capital stock, and secure the payment of the same, principal and interest, 
by mortgage upon its property and prospective income. 

Sec. 9. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, 
as soon as practicable after the passage of this Act, to cause to be prepared, in accordance 
with a design approved by the United States Centennial Commission and the Secretary of 
the Treasury, a sufficient number of certificates of stock to meet the requirements of this 
Act; and any person found guilty of counterfeiting, or attempting to counterfeit, or know- 
ingly circulating false certificates of stock, herein authorized, shall be subject to the same 
pains and penalties as are or may be provided by law for counterfeiting United States cur- 
rency; but nothing in this Act shall be so construed as to create any liability of the United 
States, direct or indirect, for any debt or obligation incurred, nor for any claim, by the Cen- 
tennial International Exhibition, or the corporation hereby created, for aid or pecuniary 



APPENDIX C. 



IO9 



assistance from Congress or the Treasury of the United States, in support or liquidation of Government 
any debts or obligations created by the corporation herein authorized : And provided, That actlon - 
nothing in this Act shall be so construed as to override or interfere with the laws of any 
State ; and all contracts made in any State for the purposes of the Centennial International 
Exhibition shall be subject to the laws thereof: And provided further, That no member of 
said Centennial Board of Finance assumes any personal liability for any debt or obligation 
which may be created or incurred by the corporation authorized by this Act. 

Sec. 10. That as soon as practicable after the said Exhibition shall have been closed, 
it shall be the duty of said corporation to convert its property into cash, and, after the 
payment of all its liabilities, to divide its remaining assets among its stockholders, pro 
rata, in full satisfaction and discharge of its capital stock. And it shall be the duty of the 
United States Centennial Commission to supervise the closing up of the affairs of said cor- 
poration, to audit its accounts, and submit, in a report to the President of the United States, 
the financial results of the Centennial Exhibition. 

Sec. 11. That the Commission created by the Act referred to in the preamble of this 
Act is hereby made and constituted a body politic and corporate in law, with power to 
do such acts and to enter into such obligations as may be promotive of the purposes for 
which such Commission was established. Its title shall be the United States Centennial 
Commission. It shall have a common and corporate seal, and possess all the rights inci- 
dent to corporate existence. 

Sec. 12. That the Alternate Commissioners, appointed pursuant to section four of the 
Act approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, referred to in the preamble 
to this Act, shall have all the powers of a Commissioner when the Commissioner is not 
present at any meeting. When the Commissioner is present the Alternate may participate 
in the debates and serve on committees, but shall have no vote. The appointment of all 
the Commissioners and Alternate Commissioners made since March third, eighteen hun- 
dred and seventy-two, are hereby ratified and confirmed ; and all vacancies now existing, 
or which may hereafter exist, whether by death, resignation, removal from the State or 
Territory, or otherwise, shall be filled, at any time hereafter, in like manner as is provided 
in said Act of March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, for the appointment of 
Commissioners. 

Sec. 13. That it shall be the duty of the United States Centennial Commission to 
make report, from time to time, to the President of the United States, of the progress of 
the work, and in a final report present a full exhibit of the result of the United States Cen- 
tennial Celebration and Exhibition of eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Approved June 1, 1872. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. 
December 2, 1872. 
In accordance with the terms of the Act of Congress, approved March 3, 187 1, providing 
for the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American independence, a Commis- 
sion has been organized, consisting of two members from each of the States and Territories. 
This Commission has held two sessions, and has made satisfactory progress in the organiza- 
tion and in the initiatory steps necessary for carrying out the provisions of the Act, and for 
executing also the provisions of the Act of June 1, 1872, creating a Centennial Board of 
Finance. A preliminary report of progress has been received from the President of the 
Commission, and is herewith transmitted. It will be the duty of the Commission at your 
coming session to transmit a full report of the progress made, and to lay before you the 
details relating to the exhibition of American and foreign arts, products, and manufacture^ 
which, by the terms of the Act, is to be held under the auspices of the Government of tl 
United States, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876. 



IIO INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Government This celebration will be looked forward to by American citizens with great interest, as 

action. marking a century of greater progress and prosperity than is recorded in the history of any 

other nation, and as serving a further good purpose in bringing together, on our soil, peoples 

of all the commercial nations of the earth, in a manner calculated to insure international 

good feeling. 



PROCLAMATION: 

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
July 3, 1873. 

Whereas by the Act of Congress, approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy - 
one, providing for a National Celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Inde- 
pendence of the United States, by the holding of an International Exhibition of Arts, 
Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six, it is provided as follows : 

" That whenever the President shall be informed by the Governor of the State of Penn- 
sylvania that provision has been made for the erection of suitable buildings for the purpose, 
and for the exclusive control by the Commission herein provided for of the proposed Ex- 
hibition, the President shall, through the Department of State, make proclamation of the 
same, setting forth the time at which the Exhibition will open, and the place at which it 
will be held; and he shall communicate to the diplomatic representatives of all nations 
copies of the same, together with such regulations as may be adopted by the Commissioners, 
for publication in their respective countries ;" 

And whereas, His Excellency the Governor of the said State of Pennsylvania did, on 
the twenty-fourth day of June, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, inform me that pro- 
vision has been made for the erection of said buildings, and for the exclusive control by 
the Commission provided for in the said Act of the proposed Exhibition ; 

And whereas, the President of the United States Centennial Commission has officially 
informed me of the dates fixed for the opening and closing of the said Exhibition, and the 
place at which it is to be held : 

Now, therefore, be it known that I, Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States, 
in conformity with the provisions of the Act of Congress aforesaid, do hereby declare and 
proclaim that there will be held, at the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, 
an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, to 
be opened on the nineteenth day of April, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy- 
six, and to be closed on the nineteenth day of October, in the same year. 

And in the interest of peace, civilization, and domestic and international friendship and 
intercourse, I commend the celebration and Exhibition to the people of the United States ; 
and in behalf of this Government and people, I cordially commend them to all nations who 
may be pleased to take part therein. 

In testimony whereof I have, hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United 
States to be affixed. 

Done at the City of Washington, this third day of July, one thousand eight 
[Seal.] hundred and seventy-three, and of the Independence of the United States the 

ninety-seventh. 

U. S. GRANT. 
By the President : 

H A M I LTON FI S H , Secretary of State. 



APPENDIX C. m 

EXECUTIVE ORDER Government 

action. 
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

January 23, 1874. 

Whereas it has been brought to the notice of the President of the United States that in 
the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, to 
be held in the City of Philadelphia in the year 1876, for the purpose of celebrating the one 
hundredth anniversary of the Independence of the United States, it is desirable that from 
the Executive Departments of the Government of the United States in which there may be 
articles suitable for the purpose intended there should appear such articles and materials as 
will, when presented in a collective exhibition, illustrate the functions and administrative 
faculties of the Government in time of peace, and its resources as a war power, and thereby 
serve to demonstrate the nature of our institutions and their adaptation to the wants of the 
people. Now, for the purpose of securing a complete and harmonious arrangement of the 
articles and materials designed to be exhibited from the Executive Department of the 
Government, it is ordered that a Board, to be composed of one person to be named by the 
head of each of the Executive Departments which may have articles and materials to be 
exhibited, and also of one person to be named in behalf of the Smithsonian Institution, 
and one to be named in the behalf of the Department of Agriculture, be charged with the 
preparation, arrangement, and safe-keeping of such articles and materials as the heads of 
the several Departments and the Commissioner of Agriculture and the Director of the 
Smithsonian Institution may respectively decide shall be embraced in the collection ; that 
one of the persons thus named, to be designated by the President, shall be chairman of 
such Board, and that the Board appoint from their own number such other officers as they 
may think necessary, and that the said Board when organized shall be authorized under the 
direction of the President to confer with the executive officers of the Centennial Exhibition 
in relation to such matters connected with the subject as may pertain to the respective 
Departments having articles and materials on exhibition, and that the names of the persons 
thus selected by the heads of the several Departments, the Commissioner of Agriculture, 
and the Director of the Smithsonian Institution, shall be submitted to the President for 
designation. 

By order of the President. 

HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State. 

Washington, January 23, 1874. 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. 
February 25, 1874. 
To the Senate and House of Representatives: 

I have the honor, herewith, to submit the report of the Centennial Commissioners, and 
to add a word in the way of recommendation. 

There have now been International Exhibitions held by three of the great powers of 
Europe. It seems fitting that the one hundredth anniversary of cur independence should 
be marked by an event that will display to the world the growth and progress of a nation 
devoted to freedom, and to the pursuit of fame, fortune, and honors by the lowest citizen as 
well as the highest. A failure in this enterprise would be deplorable. Success can be 
assured by arousing public opinion to the importance of the occasion. To secure this end, 
in my judgment, congressional legislation is necessary to make the Exhibition both national 
and international. 

The benefits to be derived from a successful International Exhibition are manifold. It 
will necessarily be accompanied by expenses beyond the receipts from the Exhibition itself; 
but they will be compensated for, many fold, by the commingling of people from all sec- 
tions of our own country; by bringing together the people of different nationalities; by 



action. 



112 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Government bringing into juxtaposition, for ready examination, our own and foreign skill and progress 
in manutactures, agriculture, art, science, and civilization. 

The selection of the site for the Exhibition seems to me appropriate from the fact that 
one hundred years before the date fixed for the Exhibition the Declaration of Independence 
— which launched us into the galaxy of nations as an independent people — emanated from 
the same spot. 

We have much in our varied climate, soil, mineral products, and skill of which advan- 
tage can be taken by other nationalities to their profit. In return they will bring to our 
shores works of their skill, and familiarize our people with them, to the mutual advantage 
of all parties. 

Let us have a complete success in our Centennial Exhibition, or suppress it in its infancy, 
acknowledging our inability to give it the international character to which our self-esteem 
aspires. 

U. S. GRANT. 



INVITATION TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS. 
Approved June 5, 1874. 

Whereas, at various International Exhibitions which have been held in foreign countries, 
the United States have been represented in pursuance of invitations given by the Govern- 
ments of those countries, and accepted by our Government, therefore, 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That the President be requested to extend, in the name of the United 
States, a respectful and cordial invitation to the Governments of other nations, to be repre- 
sented and take part in the International Exposition to be held at Philadelphia, under the 
auspices of the Government of the United States, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy- 
six ; Provided, however, That the United States shall not be liable, directly or indirectly, 
for any expenses attending such Exposition, or by reason of the same. 



ACT RELATING TO CENTENNIAL MEDALS. 

Approved June 16, 1874. 

An Act to authorize medals commemorating the One Hundredth Anniversary of the first 

meeting of the Continental Congress, and the Declaration of Independence, provides as 

follows : 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That medals with appropriate devices, emblems, and inscriptions, 
commemorative of the Centennial Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, be pre- 
pared at the Mint at Philadelphia for the Centennial Boar 1 of Finance, subject to the pro- 
visions of the fifty-second section of the Coinage Act of eighteen hundred and seventy- 
three, upon the payment of a sum not less than the cost thereof, and all the provisions, 
whether penal or otherwise, of said Coinage Act against the counterfeiting or imitating of 
coins of the United States shall apply to the medals struck and issued under the provisions 
of this Act. 



ACT RELATING TO DUTIES ON FOREIGN ARTICLES. 

Approved June 18, 1874. 

An Act to admit free of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition of eighteen 

hundred and seventy -six, provides as follows ; 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of A m erica 

in Ci tigress assembled ', That all articles which shall be imported for the sole purpose of 



APPENDIX C. 



"3 



exhibition at the International Exhibition to be held in the City of Philadelphia, in the year Government 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six, shall be admitted without the payment of duty or of actlon - 
customs fees, or charges, under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall 
prescribe ; Provided, that all such articles as shall be sold in the United States or withdrawn 
for consumption therein, at any time after such importation, shall be subject to the duties, 
if any, imposed on like articles by the revenue laws in force at the date of importation ; 
And provided further, that in case any articles imported under the provisions of this Act, 
shall be withdrawn for consumption or shall be sold without payment of duty, as required 
by law, all the penalties prescribed by the revenue laws shall be applied and enforced 
against such articles and against the persons who may be guilty of such withdrawal or sale. 
Approved June 18 ,1874. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. 
December 7, 1874. 
The report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, herewith, contains suggestions of much 
interest to the general public, and refers to the approaching Centennial and the part his 
Department is ready to take in it. I feel that the nation at large is interested in having 
this Exhibition a success, and commend to Congress such action as will secure a greater 
general interest in it. Already many foreign nations have signified their intention to be 
represented at it, and it may be expected that every civilized nation will be represented. 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. 

January 26, 1 875. 

To the Senate and House of Representatives: 

I have the honor to transmit herewith, for the information of Congress, a report of the 

progress made to this date by the United States Centennial Commission, appointed in 

accordance with the requirements of the Act approved June I, 1872. 

U. S. GRANT. 
Executive Mansion, January 26, 1875. 



EXTRACTS FROM THE MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. 
December 7, 1875. 

In submitting my seventh annual message to Congress, in this Centennial year of our 
national existence as a free and independent people, it affords me great pleasure to recur 
to the advancement that has been made from the time of the Colonies, one hundred years 
ago. We were then a people numbering only three millions. Now we number more than 
forty millions. Then industries were confined almost exclusively to the tillage of the soil. 
Now manufactories absorb much of the labor of the country. 

Our liberties remain unimpaired; the bondmen have been freed from slavery; we have 
become possessed of the respect, if not the friendship, of all civilized nations. Our pro- 
gress has been great in all the arts ; in science, agriculture, commerce, navigation, mining, 
mechanics, law, medicine, etc. ; and in general education the progress is likewise encour- 
aging. Our thirteen States have become thirty-eight, including Colorado (which has taken 
the initiatory steps to become a State), and eight Territories, including the Indian Terri- 
tory and Alaska, and excluding Colorado, making a territory extending from the Atlantic 
to the Pacific. On the south we have extended to the Gulf of Mexico, and in the west 
from the Mississippi to the Pacific. 

One hundred years ago the cotton-gin, the steamship, the railroad, the telegraph, the 



action. 



114 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Government reaping-, sewing-, and modern printing-machines, and numerous other inventions of scarcely 
less value to our business and happiness, were entirely unknown. 

In 1776 manufactories scarcely existed even in name in all this vast territoiy. In 1 870 
more than two millions of persons were employed in manufactories, producing more than 
$2,100,000,000 of products in amount annually, nearly equal to our national debt. From 
nearly the whole of the population of 1776 being engaged in the one occupation of agri- 
culture, in 1870 so numerous and diversified had become the occupation of our people that 
less than six millions out of more than forty millions were so engaged. The extraordinary 
effect produced in our country by a resort to diversified occupations has built a market for 
the products of fertile lands distant from the seaboard and the markets of the world. 

The American system of locating various and extensive manufactories next to the plow 
and the pasture, and adding connecting railroads and steamboats, has produced in our dis- 
tant interior country a result noticeable by the intelligent portions of all commercial na- 
tions. The ingenuity and skill of American mechanics have been demonstrated at home 
and abroad in a manner most flattering to their pride. But for the extraordinary genius 
and ability of our mechanics, the achievements of our agriculturists, manufacturers, and 
transporters throughout the country would have been impossible of attainment. 

The progress of the miner has also been great. Of coal our production was small ; 
now many millions of tons are mined annually. So with iron, which formed scarcely an 
appreciable part of our products half a century ago, we now produce more than the world 
consumed at the beginning of our national existence. Lead, zinc, and copper, from being 
articles of import, we may expect to be large exporters of in the near future. The devel- 
opment of gold and silver mines in the United States and Territories has not only been 
remarkable, but has had a large influence upon the business of all commercial nations. 
Our merchants in the last hundred years have had a success and have established a reputa- 
tion for enterprise, sagacity, progress, and integrity unsurpassed by peoples of older nation- 
alities. This "good name" is not confined to their homes, but goes out upon every sea 
and into every port where commerce enters. With equal pride we can point to our progress 
in all of the learned professions. 

As we are now about to enter upon our second centennial — commencing our manhood 
as a nation — it is well to look back upon the past and study what will be best to pre- 
serve and advance our future greatness. From the fall of Adam for his transgression to the 
present day, no nation has ever been free from threatened danger to its prosperity and hap- 
piness. We should look to the dangers threatening us, and remedy them so far as lies in our 
power. We are a republic whereof one man is as good as another before the law. Under 
such a form of government it is of the greatest importance that all should be possessed of 
education and intelligence enough to cast a vote with a right understanding of its meaning. 
A large association of ignorant men cannot, for any considerable period, oppose a success- 
ful resistance to tyranny and oppression from the educated few, but will inevitably sink into 
acquiescence to the will of intelligence, whether directed by the demagogue or by priest- 
craft. Hence the education of the masses becomes of the first necessity for the preservation 
of our institutions. They are worth preserving, because they have secured the greatest good 
to the greatest proportion of the population of any form of government yet devised. All other 
forms of government approach it just in proportion to the general diffusion of education and 
independence of thought and action. As the primary step, therefore, to our advancement in 
all that has marked our progress in the past century, I suggest for your earnest considera- 
tion, and most earnestly recommend it, that a constitutional amendment be submitted to the 
Legislatures of the several States for ratification, making it the duty of each of the several 
States to establish and forever maintain free public schools adequate to the education of all 
the children in the rudimentary branches within their respective limits, irrespective of sex, 
color, birthplace, or religions; forbidding the teaching in said schools of religious, atheistic, 
or pagan tenets; and prohibiting the granting of any school-funds, or school-taxes, or any 
part thereof, either by legislative, municipal, or ( ther authority, for the benefit or in aid, 



APPENDIX C. i !- 

directly or indirectly, of any religious sect or denomination, or in aid or for the benefit of Government 
any other object of any nature or kind whatever. action. 

*■*"#***■'"*■*""** 
The Board heretofore appointed to take charge of the articles and materials pertaining 
to the War, the Navy, the Treasury, the Interior, and the Post-Office Departments, and the 
Department of Agriculture, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Commission of Food- 
Fishes, to be contributed, under the legislation of last session, to the International Exhibi- 
tion to be held at Philadelphia during the Centennial year 1876, has been diligent in the 
discharge of the duties which have devolved upon it; and the preparations so far made with 
the means at command give assurance that the governmental contribution will be made one 
of the marked characteristics of the Exhibition. The Board has observed commendable 
economy in the matter of the erection of a building for the governmental exhibit, the ex- 
pense of which it is estimated will not exceed, say $8o,ooo. This amount has been with- 
drawn, under the law, from the appropriations of five of the principal Departments, which 
leaves some of those Departments without sufficient means to render their respective prac- 
tical exhibits complete and satisfactory. The Exhibition being an international one, and 
the Government being a voluntary contributor, it is my opinion that its contribution should 
be of a character, in quality and extent, to sustain the dignity and credit of so distinguished 
a contributor. The advantages to the country of a creditable display are, in an interna- 
tional point of view, of the first importance, while an indifferent or uncreditable participa- 
tion by the Government would be humiliating to the patriotic feelings of our people them- 
selves. I commend the estimates of the Board for the necessary additional appropriations 
to the favorable consideration of Congress. 

The powers of Europe, almost without exception, many of the South American states, 
and even the more distant Eastern powers, have manifested their friendly sentiments toward 
the United States and the interest of the world in our progress by taking steps to join with 
us in celebrating the Centennial of the nation, and I strongly recommend that a more na- 
tional importance be given to this Exhibition by such legislation and by such appropriation 
as will insure its success. Its value in bringing to our shores innumerable useful works of 
art and skill, the commingling of the citizens of foreign countries and our own, and the 
interchange of ideas and manufactures, will far exceed any pecuniary outlay we may make. 



ACT OF CONGRESS APPROPRIATING $1,500,000 IN AID OF THE CENTEN- 
NIAL CELEBRATION OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. 

Approved February 16, 1876. 

An Act relating to the Centennial Celebration of American Independence. 

Whereas, by the Act of Congress entitled " An Act to provide for the celebrating the One 
Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence by holding an International Exhibition 
of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and 
State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," approved March 
third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, provision was made for the celebration of the 
Centennial Anniversary of the Declaration of American Independence by " an exhibi- 
tion of American and foreign arts, products, and manufactures," to be "held under the 
auspices of the Government of the United States, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six;" and 

Whereas, by Act of Congress entitled " An Act relative to the Centennial International 
Exhibition to be held in the City of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, in the year 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six," approved June first, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, 
the Centennial Board of Finance was incorporated, with authority to raise the capital neces- 



Il6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Government sary to carry into effect the provisions of the said Act of March third, eighteen hundred and 



action. 



seventy-one ; and 

Whereas, the President of the United States, in compliance with a joint resolution of 
Congress, approved June fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, did " extend, in the 
name of the United States, a respectful and cordial invitation to the Governments of other 
nations to be represented and take part in the International Exposition to be held at Phila- 
delphia, under the. auspices of the Government of the United States," and as the Govern- 
ments so invited, to the number of thirty-eight, have so accepted such invitation, and many 
of them are making extensive preparations to embrace the courtesy so extended to them, 
thereby rendering proper arrangements for the coming ceremonies on the part of the Govern- 
ment of the United States a matter of honor and gcod faith; and 

Whereas, the preparations designed by the United States Centennial Commission, and in 
part executed by the Centennial Board of Finance, are in accordance with the spirit of the 
Acts of Congress relating thereto, and are on a scale creditable to the Government and 
people of the United States ; therefore, 

Beit enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That the sum of one million five hundred thousand dollars, to com- 
plete the Centennial buildings and other preparations, be, and the same is hereby, appro- 
priated out of any moneys in the United States Treasury not otherwise appropriated, which 
shall be paid on the drafts of the President and Treasurer of the Centennial Board of 
Finance, one third immediately after the passage of this Act, and the remainder in four equal 
monthly payments ; Provided, That in the distribution of any moneys that may remain in 
the treasury of the Centennial Board of Finance, after the payment of its debts, as provided 
for by the tenth section of the Act of Congress approved June first, eighteen hundred and 
seventy-two, incorporating said Centennial Board of Finance, the appropriation hereinbe- 
fore made shall be paid in full into the Treasury of the United States, before any dividend 
or percentage of the profits shall be paid to the holders of said stock ; Provided also, That 
the Government of the United States shall not, under any circumstances, be liable for any 
debt or obligation of the United States Centennial Commission or the Centennial Board of 
Finance, or any payment in addition to the foregoing sum. 

Sec. 2. That the money by this Act appropriated shall be paid to the Treasurer of the 
Centennial Board of Finance only after he and the President of the Board shall have exe- 
cuted a bond in the sum of five hundred thousand dollars to the United States, with suffi- 
cient security, to be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, for the safe-keeping and 
faithful disbursement of the sum hereby appropriated. 

Approved February 16, 1 876. 



JOINT RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS. 
JOINT RESOLUTION on the celebration of the Centennial in the several counties or towns. 
Approved March 13, 1876. 
Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That it be, and is hereby recommended by the Senate and House 
of Representatives to the people of the several States that they assemble in their several 
counties or towns on the approaching Centennial Anniversary of our National Independ- 
ence, and that they cause to have delivered on such day an historical sketch of said county 
or town from its formation, and that a copy of said sketch may be filed, in print or manu- 
script, in the Clerk's office of said county, and an additional copy, in print or manuscript, 
be filed in the office of the Librarian of Congress, to the intent that a complete record may 
thus be obtained of the progress of our institutions during the First Centennial of their 
existence. 



APPENDIX C. 11/ 

ACT OF CONGRESS. Government 

. ~ ~ 7 . 7 ■ action. 

An Act to provide for the expenses of admission of foreign goods to the Centennial Exhibi- 
tion at Philadelphia. 
Approved April 17, 1876. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That the sum of forty thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, 
appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be expended 
under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, for the purpose of examination and 
appraisement, and for the incidental expenses connected with the admission of foreign goods 
to the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. 



EXTRACTS FROM AN ACT OF CONGRESS. 

An Act making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the fiscal 

year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and for prior years, 

and for other purposes. 

Approved May 1, 1876. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of A?nerica 
in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and they are hereby, appropriated, out 
of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to supply deficiencies in the 
appropriations for the service of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and for former years, and for other purposes, namely : 

#*.*■*■##.*#*#« 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

For the purpose of paying the expenses of transportation, care, and custody, arranging 
and exhibiting, and safe return of articles belonging to the United States to be presented and 
exhibited in the United States building at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, during 
the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, in pursuance of an Act of Congress approved 
March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, the following sums are hereby appropriated, 
namely : For the Interior Department, fifteen thousand dollars ; for the War Department, 
eighteen thousand five hundred dollars ; for the Smithsonian Institution, twenty-one thou- 
sand dollars ; for the United States Commission of Food Fishes, five thousand dollars ; for 
the Treasury Department, fourteen thousand dollars ; the same to be disbursed by the Board 
on behalf of the United States Executive Departments appointed in pursuance of the order 
of the President of January twenty-third, eighteen hundred and seventy-four ; Provided, 
That for contingent expenses any surplus arising from appropriations made to either of 
said Departments by Act of March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, is hereby 
authorized to be used for the purposes herein mentioned. 



JOINT RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS. 
Joint Resolution, authorizing the exhibition of a life-saving station-house at the Cen- 
tennial Exhibition. 
Approved May 13, 1876. 
Be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized 
to place on exhibition at the Centennial Exhibition, upon such ground as may be allotted 
for the purpose, one of the life-saving station-houses authorized to be constructed on the 
coast of the United States by existing law, and for which appropriation has already been 



Government 
action. 



Il8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

made, and to cause the same to be completely equipped with all the apparatus, furniture, 
and appliances now in use at the respective life-saving stations of the United States ; said 
building and apparatus to be removed after the close of the Exhibition, and re-erected and 
used for a life-saving station at the place now authorized by law : Provided, however, That 
such exhibition of said station-house, and equipment thereof, and the return thereof, shall 
not be attended with any expense to the United States beyond appropriations heretofore 
made in aid of said Exhibition, through the several Departments of the Government. 
Approved May 13, 1876. 



JOINT RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS. 

Joint Resolution to amend the Act approved Jtine eighteenth, eighteen hundred ana 
seventy-fonr, relating to the admission of articles intended for the International Exhi- 
bition of eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Approved July 20, 1876. 

Be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That the Act approved June eighteenth, eighteen hundred and 
seventy-four, entitled " An Act to admit free of duty articles intended for the International 
Exhibition of eighteen hundred and seventy-six," be, and the same is hereby, so amended as 
to permit the sale and delivery, during the Exhibition, of goods, wares, and merchandise 
heretofore imported and now in the Exhibition buildings, subject to such additional regu- 
lations for the security of the revenue and the collection of duties thereon as the Secretary 
of the Treasury may, in his discretion, prescribe. 

Section 2. That the entire stock of each exhibitor, consisting of goods, wares, and 
merchandise imported by him and now in said buildings, is hereby declared liable for the 
payment of duties accruing on any portion thereof, in case of the removal of such portion 
from said buildings without payment of the lawful duties thereon. 

Sec. 3. That the penalties prescribed by, and the provisions contained in, section three 
thousand and eighty-two of the Revised Statutes, shall be deemed and held to apply in the 
case of any goods, wares, or merchandise now in said buildings sold, delivered, or re- 
moved without payment of duties, in the same manner as if such goods, wares, or merchan- 
dise had been imported contrary to law; and the article or articles so sold, delivered, or 
removed shall be deemed and held to have been so imported, with the knowledge of the 
parties respectively concerned in such sale, delivery, or removal. 



EXTRACTS FROM THE MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. 
December 5, 1876. 

The cordiality which attends our relations with the powers of the earth has been plainly 
shown by the general participation of foreign nations in the Exhibition which has just 
closed, and by the exertions made by distant powers to show their interest in and friendly 
feelings toward the United States in the commemoration of the Centennial of the nation. 
The Government and people of the United States have not only fully appreciated this exhi- 
bition of kindly feeling, but it may be justly and fairly expected that no small benefits will 
result both to ourselves and other nations from a better acquaintance, and a better appre- 
ciation of our mutual advantages and mutual wants. 

* * * * . . ■ * * * * * * * 

The report of the Commissioner of Agriculture accompanying this message will be found 
one of great interest, marking, as it does, the great progress of the last century in the variety 
of products of the soil, increased knowledge and skill in the labor of producing, saving, 
and manipulating the same to prepare them for the use of man ; in the improvements in 



APPENDIX C. 



119 



machinery to aid the agriculturist in his labors, and in a knowledge of those scientific sub- Government 
jects necessary to a thorough system of economy in agricultural production, namely, chem- actlon - 
istry, botany, entomology, etc. A study of this report by those interested in agriculture and 
deriving their support from it will prove of value in pointing out those articles which are 
raised in greater quantity than the needs of the world require, and must sell, therefore, for 
less than the cost of production, and those which command a profit over cost of production 
because there is not an over-production. 

I call special attention to the need of the Department for a new gallery for the reception 
of the exhibits returned from the Centennial Exhibition, including the exhibits donated by 
very many foreign nations ; and to the recommendations of the Commissioner of Agricul- 
ture generally. 

The International Exhibition held in Philadelphia this year, in commemoration of the 
one hundredth anniversary of American independence, has proven a great success, and 
will, no doubt, be of enduring advantage to the country. It has shown the great progress 
in the arts, sciences, and mechanical skill made in a single century, and demonstrated that 
we are but little behind older nations in any one branch, while in some we scarcely have a 
rival. It has served, too, not only to bring peoples and products of skill and labor from all 
parts of the world together, but in bringing together people from all sections of our own 
country, which must prove a great benefit in the information imparted and pride of countiy 
engendered. 

It has been suggested by scientists interested in and connected with the Smithsonian 
Institution, in a communication herewith, that the Government exhibit be removed to the 
capital, and a suitable building be erected or purchased for its accommodation as a per- 
manent exhibit. I earnestly recommend this, and believing that Congress would second 
this view, I directed that all Government exhibits at the Centennial Exhibition should 
remain where they are, except such as might be injured by remaining in a building not 
intended as a protection in inclement weather, or such as may be wanted by the Depart- 
ment furnishing them, until the question of permanent exhibition is acted on. 

Although the moneys appropriated by Congress to enable the participation of the several 
Executive Departments in the International Exhibition of 1876 were not sufficient to carry 
out the undertaking to the full extent at first contemplated, it gives me pleasure to refer to 
the very efficient and creditable manner in which the Board appointed from these several 
Departments to provide an exhibition on the part of the Government have discharged their 
duties with the funds placed at their command. Without a precedent to guide them in the 
preparation of such a display, the success of their labors was amply attested by the sustained 
attention which the contents of the Government Building attracted during the period of the 
Exhibition from both foreign and native visitors. 

I am strongly impressed with the value of the collection made by the Government for 
the purposes of the Exhibition, illustrating, as it does, the mineral resources of the countiy, 
the statistical and practical evidences of our growth as a nation, and the uses of the mechan- 
ical arts and the applications of applied science in the administration of the affairs of 
Government. 

Many nations have voluntarily contributed their exhibits to the United States to increase 
the interest in any permanent exhibition Congress may provide for. For this act of gener- 
osity they should receive the thanks of the people, and I respectfully suggest that a reso- 
lution of Congress to that effect be adopted. 



120 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Alabama. 



APPENDIX D. 



state action. LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE ACTION IN THE STATES 

AND TERRITORIES. 



ALABAMA. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA. 

Approved March 20, 1875. 
An Act to authorize the Governor to appoint Commissioners to represent Alabama in the 

Centennial Exhibition. 

Whereas, It is of great interest to the people of Alabama that all the great material 
interests of the State, the agricultural, the mineral, and the mechanical, should be repre- 
sented and exhibited at the Centennial Exhibition, to be held at the City of Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania, commencing July 4, 1876 ; therefore, 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Alabama, That the Governor be, 
and he is hereby, authorized and directed to make appointments of five Commissioners, who 
shall be known as " Special Centennial Commissioners," and whose duty it shall be to 
secure proper apartments in the Exhibition buildings, and to make such necessary arrange- 
ments for the display of such articles as may be forwarded from Alabama for exhibition, 
and to do whatever they may deem best to have the State of Alabama represented upon 
an equal footing with her sister States at the Centennial Exhibition to be held at the City 
of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 4, 1876. 

Sec. 2. Be it further enacted, That the Governor shall be Chairman ex officio of said 
Commissioners. 

Sec. 3. Be it further enacted, That no money shall be appropriated to carry out the 
provisions of this Act. 



RESOLUTIONS OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA. 

Approved March 23, 1876. 

Joint Resolutions in relation to the First Cejitcnnial Year of the Declaration of 

American Independence. 

First. Resolved, by the Senate of Alabama, the House of Representatives concurring, 
That as the Representatives of a patriotic constituency which reveres the virtues and tradi- 
tions of the heroes and sages of the American Revolution, and esteems as sacred and dear 
all that pertains to their honor and glory, the General Assembly of Alabama deem it proper 
to declare that the occurrence of the First Centennial Year of the Declaration of American 
Independence is a fit occasion for rejoicing on the part of all the people of the United 
States ; and we hereby extend greetings of fraternal good will to all the people of every 
State and Territory in the American Union. 

SECOND. That this epoch in the history of our country is an event intimately connected 
with memories that should be cherished, and commemorated, in such spirit and manner as 



APPENDIX D. I2 i 

will most appropriately attest the gratitude and affection which their descendants should State acti 



ever feel for the illustrious founders of American constitutional liberty. 

Third. That there can be no more appropriate or continuing commemoration of such 
an event and its memories than for every administration of government, whether Federal 
or State, to uphold the honor, promote the prosperity, and advance the glory of our common 
country; and to this end it is also the duty of every citizen to freely and faithfully con- 
tribute his aid. 

Fourth. That it shall be the duty of the Governor to furnish a copy of these resolutions, 
under the Great Seal of the State, to the President of the United States, and in like manner 
one copy to the Governor of each State and Territory in the American Union. 

Given under my hand and the Great Seal of the State this the 23d day of 
[Seal.] March, 1876, and of the Independence of the United States the One Hundredth 

Year. 

By the Governor: GEO. S. HOUSTON. 

RUFUS K. BOYD, Secretary of State. 



Alabama. 



ARIZONA. Arizona 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR A. P. K. SAFFORD. 

January 4, 1 87 5. 
It is proposed to hold at Philadelphia, in 1876, a world's fair for the exhibition of the 
products of the earth and the inventions of men. It is thought to be a proper time, at the 
close of the century that brought our republic into existence, to bring together the people in 
fraternal friendship, and to collect for exhibition to all mankind the various products of our 
vast domain, and also the inventions of a free people; and in this Exhibition the nations of 
the earth have been solicited to participate. Mexico and all the South American republics 
have already accepted this invitation, and are making vigorous efforts to be properly repre- 
sented. More than two-thirds of the nations of Europe are taking active measures in the 
same direction. It should be the pride of every American to see in this Exhibition the 
most comprehensive and grandest display ever made by mankind, and it is to be regretted 
that the Congress of the United States has been so far tardy in giving the required means ; 
but whether Congress acts or not, there is such a determination among the people to make 
it a success that it cannot fail. Already most of the States have taken the necessary steps 
to insure a full and advantageous representation. It rests with you to decide whether the 
rich minerals and varied products of Arizona shall be exhibited or not. If you reflect the 
wishes of your constituents you will make ample preparation, so that no Territory will outdo 
us in the generous rivalry. You have it in your power to place the true representations of 
the resources of the Territory so prominently before the representatives of the various nations 
of the world, that capital to develop and utilize them will pour in upon us without limit or 
solicitation. A failure on the part of Arizona to be properly represented would not make 
any very marked difference in the general result of the Exhibition, but it would seriously 
affect our own prosperity, and be a subject of mortification to every true citizen of Arizona. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ARIZONA. 

Approved February 5, 1875. 
Be it enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the Tei-ritory of Arizona : 

Section i . The Territory of Arizona is hereby authorized for and on behalf of its citi- 
zens to become an exhibitor at the Centennial Exhibition, to be held at the City of Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania, in the year A.D. 1876. 



122 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. Sec. 2. The sum of five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, out of any moneys in 

the Territorial Treasury not otherwise appropriated by law, for the purpose of defraying the 
expenses incurred in executing the provisions of this Act. 

Sec. 3. There shall be elected by this Legislative Assembly an agent, whose duties are 
hereinafter prescribed, to represent Arizona at said Exhibition, who shall be elected by a 
majority vote of the two Houses, assembled in joint convention, and said agent shall be 
duly commissioned as such by the Governor. 

Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of such agent to execute a good and sufficient bond to the 
Territory of Arizona, and to file the same with the Territorial Treasurer on or before the 
first day of May, a.d. 1875, m the sum of ten thousand dollars, with two or more sufficient 
sureties, to be approved by the Governor, Territorial Auditor, and Territorial Treasurer, 
conditioned that he will faithfully and fully perform all the duties that shall devolve upon 
him by the conditions of this Act, or forfeit the amount thereof to the Territory of Arizona; 
and upon the filing and approval of such bond, it shall be the duty of the Governor to 
commission him as such agent. 

Sec. 5. To aid in systematizing and concentrating articles for exhibition at a convenient 
point for shipment, the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties, at their regular meet- 
ing in April next after the passage of this Act, shall each appoint a sub-agent for their 
respective counties, whose duties shall be as follows : To receive and take charge of articles 
furnished for exhibition, and to supervise the boxing and shipping of said articles to the care 
of the agent aforesaid at Yuma, Arizona, which said articles shall all be shipped in time 
to reach Yuma on or before the first day of December, A.D. 1875 '■> provided, that exhibitors 
shall pay all expenses incurred in packing said articles, and the shipment of them to Yuma; 
And provided further, that said sub-agents may reject all articles, furnished for exhibition, 
which in their judgment are not of sufficient excellence to be advantageous to the Territory, 
or reject all of any one kind in excess above the number and amount. necessary for a credit- 
able exhibition, and in the exercise of this power they shall be governed, as nearly as possible, 
by such rules as may be prescribed by the Centennial Advisory Board for Arizona. 

Sec. 6. It shall be the duty of each person who may furnish any article or articles for 
exhibition to accompany the same with a succinct history of the production thereof, and all 
important facts bearing upon the same, and also such other information, if any, as the sub- 
agent may require, and, if demanded by the sub-agent, verify the same by oath, and the 
said sub-agent shall, at the time of shipment to the agent nt Yuma, furnish him with a brief, 
but complete, statement of such information as he may have received relative to the pro- 
duction, extent, quality, and pertinent incident of said articles for exhibition, and also to 
see that all said articles accepted by him be in Yuma on or before the first day of December, 
A.D. 1875. 

Sec. 7. It shall be the duty of the agent to provide some suitable place at Yuma, on or 
before the first day of August, A.D. 1875, f° r the reception and safe-keeping of articles as 
they shall arrive from the several sub-agencies, and as soon after the expiration of time 
fixed by section six, for the reception of articles at Yuma, as transportation can be obtained, 
he shall ship said articles by water to San Francisco, California, and thence by rail to Phila- 
delphia; and the said agent shall also personally attend to the transshipment of the articles 
at San Francisco, and personally receive the same on their arrival in Philadelphia, and he 
shall also cause to be fitted up with necessary stands, shelving, cases, etc., the space allotted 
to Arizona in the Exhibition buildings, and properly arrange therein all articles for exhibi- 
tion. It sha 7 l also be the duty of the agent to cause all articles to be numbered, and a 
corresponding number to be set down in the left-hand margin of a book, opposite which 
several numbers shall be given the facts as he shall have received them from the sub-agents 
relative to the several articles, as numbered. It shall also be the duty of the agent to be 
present during the entire period of the Centennial Exhibition, have a supervisory care over 
all articles from Arizona, on exhibition, and impart information regarding the same to all 
seekins it. 



APPENDIX D. 



123 



Sec. 8. It shall be the duty of the agent at the close of said Centennial Exhibition to State action. 



sell for cash, at public auction, after public notice of not less than ten days, all articles 
under his charge, on exhibition, and render a full and complete account thereof to the Ninth 
Legislative Assembly of Arizona, and he shall pay all moneys received from such sale to 
the Treasurer of this Territory, to be placed to the credit of the general fund ; and he shall 
also keep a true and correct account of all expenditures of money in the execution of his 
duties, under this Act, and submit vouchers and receipts therefor, showing in detail the 
objects of his outlays to the Ninth Legislative Assembly of Ar zona, and if the said Legis- 
lative Assembly shall find the same correct and just, the said agent's bond shall be void and 
canceled, otherwise to remain in full force, and the full sum thereof be collected of the 
agent, or his bondsmen, for the use and benefit of the Territory of Arizona. The said 
agent shall receive in full payment for his services the sum of two thousand dollars out of 
the five thousand dollars appropriated by section two of this Act. 

Sec. 9. To enable the agent to readily and effectually discharge the duties imposed on 
him by this Act, it shall be the duty of the Territorial Auditor, on or before the first day of 
December, A.D. 1875, to draw his warrant on the Territorial Treasurer, in favor of said 
agent, for the full sum of five thousand dollars, and the Territorial Treasurer shall pay the 
same on presentation, out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated by law. 

Sec. 10. In case of a vacancy in the office of agent, it shall be the duty of the Governor 
to appoint and commission a suitable person as such agent, and such appointee shall be sub- 
ject to all the duties, requirements, and conditions imposed upon the agent by this Act, and 
it shall not be lawful for the agent to appoint a substitute for the performance of his duties, 
except in case of absolute physical inability to personally discharge the same, and the 
services of such substitute shall at no time extend beyond the period of such absolute 
physical disability, and for the official acts of such substitute the agent shall be held 
responsible. 

Sec. 11. Thib Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 

Approved February 5, 1875. 



Arizona. 



ARKANSAS. 

SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR A. H. GARLAND. 

Little Rock, Arkansas, February 1, 1875. 
To the President and Members of the Senate: 

An Act of Congress, approved March 3, 187 1, provided for the national celebration 
of the " One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States," by the 
holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, on 
the 4th of July, 1876. The President, by proclamation, announced the Exhibition and 
National Celebration, and commended them to the people of the United States and all 
nations. The Act of Congress referred to provided for the organization of the United 
States Centennial Commission, " whose duty it shall be to prepare and superintend the 
execution of a plan for holding the Exhibition." Commissioners for the States and Terri- 
tories are appointed on the recommendation of the Governors thereof by the President. 

The Hon. E. W. Gantt was the Commissioner for this State, and the Hon. A. Mc- 
Donald was Alternate, under the appointment of the President; but, by the death of Mr. 
Gantt and the removal of Mr. McDonald from the State, both of these places are vacant, 
and I have recommended Dr. George W. Lawrence as Commissioner and George E. 
Dodge as Alternate, the notice of whose appointment I expect to receive in a very 
short time. The Exhibition will be held at Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia, 
and will be opened on the 19th day of April, 1876, and closed on the 19th day of October 
following. With this I send you a circular address, from the Hon. A. T. Goshorn, the 



Arkansas. 



124 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. Director-General of the Exhibition, which will furnish you in detail the rules and regula- 
Arkansas. tions a( jopted for the carrying out of this enterprise. Most, if not all, of the States have 

taken steps to be represented in this display, and leading foreign nations have not only 
accepted invitations to take part, but they are manifesting a lively interest in its success. 
The mere announcement of the project without legislation and executive sanction by the 
nation appeals most strongly to the sense of pride, honor, and patriotism of every citizen 
of this country; but with the indorsement of Congress and the President it becomes the 
duty, and I believe a pleasing one, of every person in the land to give his aid to this under- 
taking. No more fit place than Philadelphia, around which cluster so many cherished 
memories of our past history, could be selected, and she, as well as her State, have already 
appropriated large sums of money to make the move all that could be desired. Our people 
thus brought together can show a progress in a hundred years in all that benefits, improves, 
and elevates man unexampled in the authentic annals of history ; it will contribute largely 
to remove the asperities engendered in past years between the people of the North and the 
South, and to strengthen our love for the Union. It will excite a noble and a generous 
emulation that will result in the advancement of all parts of the country ; it will enlarge and 
liberalize our ideas of each other and cf foreign nations, and present us to these nations 
in a light that will be creditable in the highest degree. And not least of all, it will 
serve to recur to the exciting times of our Revolutionary struggle, and to call to mind the 
virtues of the fathers of the country, and stimulate us to learn the lessons of their lives 
afresh and to preserve pure and intact the priceless heritage they bequeathed us. Other 
nations have engaged in these Exhibitions, and with a success that has caused them to be 
regarded almost as finished and permanent institutions. 

Should this our first attempt fail, it would afford cause not only for regret, but for deep 
mortification to our people, to say nothing of its effect abroad, and it should be a matter of 
pride to the people, as well as to the States separately, not only that it should not fail, but 
that its success should be so marked as to reflect honor upon our name everywhere. Ar- 
kansas at present is not in a condition to place herself on the list as she deserves to be, but 
she can do much toward this celebration, and even small as her contribution may be, she 
should at once address herself to making it. A few thousand dollars expended in this way 
by the State would be well invested. A presentation at that Exhibition of samples of the 
products of her soil and of her minerals would do more to induce immigrants to come to 
the State, and persons of means to become interested here, than all the articles and ad- 
dresses that we might print and disseminate for years. No action has as yet been taken by 
any Legislature of this State on this subject, and before another shall meet the Exhibition 
will have closed. I recommend, therefore, a reasonable appropriation be made to enable 
the Commissioner and the Alternate to prepare for and secure to Arkansas such a represen- 
tation as will promote her interest and be alike honorable to her and her people. She 
should be present and answer to her name at this great meeting, and ready to lay before the 
world her testimonials to the progress and prosperity of our common country, and to accom- 
plish this end I will most cheerfully co-operate with the Legislature. 

Very respectfully, 

A. H. GARLAND, Governor. 



EXTRACT FROM MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR A. H. GARLAND. 

November, 1875. 

I refer to my message at the last session on this subject, and beg leave to renew the sug- 
gestions then made. The State Commissioners and the different P>oards appointed by them 
have worked, and are now working with great industry to have our State properly repre- 
sented at this Exhibition; but, for want of means, they have not accomplished all they 



APPENDIX D. 



125 



desired. I have selected Hon. David Walker as the orator, to speak for and in behalf of State action. 
Arkansas at that time, and he has kindly accepted the appointment. I think it is due the Arkansas - 
event that a suitable appropriation be made, and all other steps taken by the Legislature 
necessary to place Arkansas creditably in the list of the States and nations to be present at 
that national celebration. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ARKANSAS. 

Approved November 30, 1875. 

An Act to provide for a proper representation of the State of Arkansas at the Centennial 
Exhibition in the year 1876. 

Whereas, It is deemed important to the interests of the State of Arkansas that her great 
resources should be displayed in a proper and creditable manner at the Centennial Inter- 
national Exhibition to begin at the City of Philadelphia on the loth of May, and end on 
the 10th of November, 1876; and, 

Whereas, By a. proper and judicious expenditure of the public funds the importance of 
Arkansas as an agricultural State may be made known to thousands of intelligent farmers 
who might otherwise fail to be attracted to our State ; and, 

Whereas, By the same means the attention of capitalists may be attracted to ovr rich 
undeveloped mineral resources, and they induced to open up the means of enriching them- 
selves and the State ; and, 

Whereas, The State of Arkansas is committed to this enterprise by the appointment of 
her Commissioners, and their participations in the councils of the National Centennial 
Commission ; and, 

Whereas, It is desirable that every possible facility be afforded for an influx of immi- 
gration, and that every inducement be offered for the employment of capital in the devel- 
opment of our latent resources ; therefore, 

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas : 

Section i. That the sum of fifteen thousand ($15,000) dollars be, and the same is hereby, 
appropriated out of any money in the State Treasuiy not otherwise appropriated, for the use 
and purposes herein named; and the s me shall be drawn, disbursed, and expended upon 
the order of the Governor. 

Sec. 2. That this Act take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR A. H. GARLAND. 

January 8, 1877. 
The General Assembly, by Act of November 30, 1875, appropriated tne sum of $15,000.00 
to provide for a proper representation of Arkansas at the Centennial Exhibition at Phila- 
delphia. I send herewith the report of the Commissioners for the State, and a Catalogue 
of Exhibits, which will show how the appropriation was used, and in what manner the 
State was represented. It appears there is of this appropriation unexpended $1757.24 ; the 
building put up by the State, and other property there belonging to her, remain undisposed of. 
As will be seen, it is necessary for some disposition to be made of this building at an early 
day, and I concur in the view of the Commissioners on this subject. 

Hon. David Walker, pursuant to my appointment, delivered a very appropriate speech in 
behalf of the State at the Exhibition, on the 1 6th clay of October. A faithful history of the 
State, this speech is interesting and valuable, and the Commissioners and myself have en- 
deavored to give it an extensive circulation, not only in this State, but in all the States. 



126 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



State ac'ion. 
Arkansas. 



Arkansas is under obligations to Judge Walker for the able manner in which he presented 
her to the public at this Exhibition. 

I believe the sentiment all over the State agrees with that expressed by the Commis- 
sioners, that this was a wise step on the part of Arkansas, and her Centennial investment 
was, in every point of view, a good one. The general display has received the applause 
of the world, and in this our State has her full share. For one, I am glad she took part in 
the Exhibition, feeling well convinced that the substantial benefits that will flow from it to 
the State will exceed beyond measure the sum appropriated. 

I have recently received from Hon. A. T. Goshorn, Director-General of the Exhibition, 
a report of the Judges making an award in favor of Arkansas, on account of the building 
erected by her, as well as on account of the display by the State of her natural and indus- 
trial products. The Director-General informs me that due notice will be given when the 
diploma and medal on this award will be ready for delivery. The letter of the Director- 
General, together with the report, I take pleasure in laying before you. 

To the Commissioners, Messrs. Geo. W. Lawrence and Geo. E. Dodge, for their inde- 
fatigable efforts, unflagging zenl, and great good sense, displayed without compensation, 
throughout the whole period of this Exhibition, the State is greatly indebted. Many testi- 
monials as to the value of their services have come to me from all directions. For this labor 
of no small proportions an appreciative people will ever hold them in grateful recollection. 

Some few accounts, amounting to several hundred dollars, for work done and materials 
furnished the State Board, before the Centennial appropriation was made, have come to me 
for payment. The construction I placed upon the law appropriating this money would not 
permit me to pay these sums out of that appropriation. I have been informed that the work 
was done and the materials were furnished to the State Board, and the State got the benefit 
of them in her display ,t the Exhibition. I would recommend, if upon inquiry this be found 
to be true, these accounts be paid by the Legislature out of the unexpended appropriation, 
or one to be made for that particular purpose. These accounts are set forth in petitions to 
me by A. W. Bishop and W. E. Woodruff, herewith transmitted. 



Colorado. COLORADO. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR S. H. ELBERT. 

January 6, 1874. 

The Centennial Commission has intrusted the direction and supervision of the Exhibi- 
tion to a Director-General, who, in a recent communication, says : 

" To provide for the efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Exhibition, and to 
organize a uniform system to this end throughout the United States, the several States and 
Territories are invited and recommended to appoint, as early as possible, State Centennial 
Managers, not exceeding five in number. They should be selected entirely with regard 10 
their familiarity with the resources, arts, and products of their State, their business expe- 
rience, and executive skill. The State Managers, with the United States Commissioner 
and Alternate Commissioner, shall constitute the State Board of Centennial Managers for 
each State and Territory. 

" On the State Board will devolve all the responsibility of organizing its State or Terri- 
tory, and of securing its thorough representation in the Exhibition. It will have to care 
for the interests of its own State, and of its citizens, in matters relating to the Exhibition ; 
to disseminate information about it; to issue invitations to participate; to receive and pro- 
nounce upon applications fir space ; to apportion the space placed at its disposal among 
the exhibitors from its State; and to supervise such other details relating to the representa- 
tion of its citizens in the Exhibition as moy from time to time be delegated to it by the 
United States Centennial Commission. 



APPENDIX D. 



127 



" It is of extreme importance that the State Boards shall be organized and at work at the State action, 
earliest day possible. It is hoped that all may have been appointed before April I, 1874." Colorado - 

In its patriotic aspects, the object of the celebration is arousing the enthusiasm and 
emulation of the States, and I am certain our people will not be without a patriotic desire 
to contribute to the interest and the success of the occasion. 

It will be your pleasant and patriotic duty to take the necessary steps to spread before 
the eyes of the world, upon that interesting occasion, the rich products of your farms and 
mines. In these two departments of industry there is no reason why Colorado should not 
compete successfully for supremacy. Aside from its patriotic aspects, the occasion will be 
one which we should improve to the full measure of our ability, and which it would be 
most unwise to neglect as an opportunity of displaying to the world the wealth and resources 
of our Territory. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. ROUTT. 

January 5, 1876. 
Immediate steps should be taken to secure a proper representation of our mineral and 
other products at the Centennial Exhibition to be held in Philadelphia. Inasmuch as some 
of the counties and many of our citizens have, with commendable spirit and liberality, 
made preparations to take part in that great National Exhibition, the Territory should not 
be tardy in showing the same activity by making an ample appropriation for that object. 
The fund so set apart might be placed at the disposal of the Commissioners already 
appointed, to be expended under such rules. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF COLORADO. 
Approved February 11, 1876. 
An Act to provide for the Representation of the Territory of Colorado at the Centennial 

Exhibition. 

Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of Colorado Territory : 

Section I. That the concurrent resolution approved January 24, 1874, providing for 
appointment of Centennial Board of Managers, be and the same is hereby repealed. 

Sec. 2. For the purpose of representing Colorado at the Centennial Exhibition, there 
shall be appropriated the sum of ten thousand dollars out of any funds not otherwise 
appropriated. 

Sec. 3. The Governor shall appoint, by and with the consent of the Council, two Com- 
missioners for the Territory of Colorado. Said Commissioners shall have charge of all arti- 
cles or products to be exhibited, and shall have authority to receipt for all special articles 
for which a receipt may be required. They shall have charge of and be accountable for 
all articles or products donated to this Territory for exhibition at the Centennial Exhibition. 
They shall have power to make such arrangements for space as they may deem necessary, 
and to prepare the same for the proper display of articles, and to make such other arrange- 
ments for the Exhibition as is necessary ; to draw warrants upon the Treasurer of the Terri- 
tory (with sworn vouchers attached) for the same, all such warrants to be countersigned by 
the Governor ; but in no case shall the sum or sums so drawn exceed in the total the sum 
of ten thousand dollars ($10,000), said warrants to be drawn on any funds in the treasury 
not otherwise appropriated by any of the Acts of the eleventh Legislative Assembly of 
Colorado Territory ; and the Auditor of the Territory is authorized and requested to write 
across the face of said warrants the words, Centennial Exhibition. 

Sec. 4. All counties, districts, or individuals wishing to send articles to said Exhibition, 
may do so by delivering the same in shipping order at the depots of any railroads located 



128 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



State action. 
Colorado. 



in the City of Denver or City of Pueblo, where said articles are to be taken in charge by 
said Commissioners for the Territory, and cared for and transmitted to (and from the Ex- 
hibition, if required) free of any and all costs or expenses to said counties, districts, or in- 
dividuals ; Provided, that neither the Territory nor the Commissioners shall be responsible 
to the owners thereof for the safe transportation or custody of any of said articles. 

Sec. 5. The Commissioners appointed shall give their personal attention to the display 
of such articles as are sent, and give such information to the public, there and elsewhere, 
as they may deem necessary for the interests of the Territory, either by printed circulars, 
statements, or otherwise. 

Sec. 6. The said Commissioners shall each receive a compensation of $150 per month 
for their services, commencing the 1st day of March, 1876, and ending November 1, 1876, 
and for no longer ; and shall give a bond, to be approved by the Governor and Territorial 
Treasurer, in the sum of $10,000, for the faithful expenditure of said sum hereby appro- 
priated. 

Sec. 7. The Commissioners so appointed may, at their discretion, employ an assistant or 
substitute, in case they cannot, from any cause, attend to the duties herein prescribed; Pro- 
vided, said assistant or substitute be compensated for such services by the Commissioners 
out of the said allowance of $150 per month, and not otherwise. 

Sec. 8. If the fund provided for in this Act shall not be exhausted by the Commissioners, 
the residue shall be transferred from the same to the several appropriations made at the 
present session of the Legislative Assembly, in proportion to their respective amounts. 

Approved February 11, 1876. 



Connecticut. 



CONNECTICUT. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR CHARLES R. INGERSOLL. 

May 5, 1875. 

With the present year commences a period of peculiar interest to the American people, 
— the Centennial period of their Revolutionary struggle and the successful establishment 
of their Independence and Union. It is filled with anniversaries of days memorable in 
our history, and their continual recurrence cannot but excite sentiments and emotions which 
it is a patriotic duty to foster. 

The plan for commemorating this period by an Industrial Exhibition, not only of all our 
own States but other nations, under the auspices of the United States Government, in the 
City of Philadelphia, has been prosecuted with so much energy that its success is now 
believed to be fully assured. While but little preparation has as yet been made by the 
people of Connecticut for a participation in this Exhibition, I do not doubt that, as we 
approach the Centennial year, an interest in its object will be manifested becoming the 
prominence of our State, not only in the historic associations belonging to that year, but in 
the development of industry and art which has characterized the American people during 
the past century. I recommend to you such legislative action as may be necessary to pro- 
mote this interest. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF CONNECTICUT. 

Approved July 15, 1875. 

An Act to secure the representation of Connecticut in the Centennial Celebration and 

International Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Assembly convened : 

Section i. That a Board of Managers is hereby constituted to consist of ten persons, 

whose duly it shall be to take such action as to them shall seem proper to secure a due 



APPENDIX D. 



129 



representation at the International Exhibition in 1876 of the arts, industries, and institu- State action, 
tions of Connecticut, and to expend at their discretion for such purpose such sums as may Connecticut, 
be needed, not exceeding fifteen thousand dollars. And said money shall be paid cut of 
the treasury, in such sums, and at such times, as may be needed, upon the requisition of 
said Board approved by the Governor. 

Sec. 2. The Governor, the member and alternate member from this State, of the United 
States Centennial Commission, shall be ex-officio members of said Board, and the others 
shall be appointed by the Governor. 

Sec. 3. The sum of twenty-five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated from the treasury 
of the State in aid of the purposes of this Act : fifteen thousand dollars of which, or so 
much thereof as may be needed, to be expended by said Board as hereinbefore provided for, 
and the remaining ten thousand dollars to be paid to the United States Centennial Board 
of Finance, under the direction of the Governor, for the purposes of said Board, as defined 
in the Act of Congress constituting the same. 

Approved July 15, 1875. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF CONNECTICUT. 

Approved Ju'y :2, 1875. 
AN Act suspending a portion of Title X. of the General Statutes of Connecticut for the 

year 1876. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Assembly convened : 

Section I. The Commander-in-Chief may at his discretion suspend the annual spring 
parade and fall encampment of the National Guard of this State for the year 1876. 

Sec. 2. In case he shall so suspend said parade and encampment, he may permit the 
brigade, including the section of artillery, to attend, for a period not exceeding six successive 
days, the National Centennial at Philadelphia, at such time as may be by him determined; 
and the Quartermaster-General shall furnish camp equipage for the same ; but the expense 
to the State of such transportation and encampment at Philadelphia shall not exceed the 
total amount which would be paid for the parades and encampment in this State in the 
year 1876. 

Sec. 3. The pay for said transportation, encampment, and parade shall be the same as 
is now by law provided. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR CHARLES R. INGERSOLL. 

May 3, 1876. 
Under the authority of the Act of the last General Assembly I directed ten thousand dol- 
lars to be paid to the Centennial Board of Finance for their purposes, and I appointed a 
Board of Managers to secure a proper representation of the arts and industries of this State 
at the Exhibition. This Board has appointed an agent, of experience at the Paris and 
Vienna Exhibitions, for the assistance of Connecticut exhibitors, erected on the Exhibition 
grounds an appropriate building for the convenience of Connecticut visitors, and in various 
ways so promoted the object of their appointment as to insure a highly satisfactory display 
of the diversified industry of the State at the Exhibition. The number of exhibitors from 
this State in the mechanical and manufacturing departments will be about three hundred, 
representing at least fifty different branches of those industries. The appropriation of 
fifteen thousand dollars made by the last General Assembly will be sufficient for the 
purposes of the State Board. 

The Congress of the United States, at its present session, have passed a Joint Resolution 
ecommending the people of the several States to assemble in their several counties or towns 

9 



State action. 
Connecticut. 



130 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

on the approaching Centennial Anniversary of our National Independence, and to have 
delivered on such day an historical sketch of such county or town, from its formation, to the 
intent that, by filing the same in the Clerk's office of such county, and in the office of the 
Librarian of Congress, a complete history may be obtained of the progress of our institutions 
during the first century of their existence. This resolution has been brought to my attention 
by the Department of State at Washington, and I submit the same to you for any action 
that may be proper. 

It has also been proposed to commemorate the Centennial year by planting trees in our 
several towns, where they may remain to adorn our public places, as well as to serve as 
patriotic memorials ; and the plan has been received with general favor, and has been acted 
on in many of the towns in this State. In either of its aspects, the proposition is so well 
fitted to promote a healthy public spirit that I deem it worthy of mention on this occasion > 



RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF CONNECTICUT, 

Regulating the Payment of the Connecticut National Guard at Philadelphia. 

Approved June 20, 1876. 

Resolved by this Assembly : That all payments by the Paymaster-General for services 

rendered at the encampment of the Connecticut National Guard at Philadelphia may be 

made at said encampment ; Provided, however, that the pay-rolls for said services shall be 

first made in duplicate, and approved by the Adjutant-General, as now by law provided. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF CONNECTICUT. 

Approved June 28, 1876. 

An Act to permit the Governor 's Horse and Foot Guards to attend the National Centennial 

at Philadelphia. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Assembly convened : 
Section i. That the Commander-in-Chief may at his discretion suspend the annual fall 
parade of the two companies, Governor's horse and foot guard, of this State for the year 1876. 
Sec. 2. In case he shall suspend said parade, he may permit the four companies to 
attend, for a period not exceeding six successive days, the National Centennial at Philadel- 
phia, and the Quartermaster-General shall furnish transportation for the same. 

Sec. 3. The pay for such parade and transportation shall be at the rate of and not exceed 
fifteen dollars for each man in the two companies of horse guards, and ten dollars for each 
man in the foot guards. 



RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF CONNECTICUT. 

Approved July 7, 1876. 

Resolved by this Assembly : 

Section i. That the people of the several towns of this State be earnestly recommended 
to make immediate arrangements for, and to properly celebrate, the coming Centennial 
Fourth of July in their several towns, and to take action at that time in regard to the prep- 
aration of sketches of Revolutionary and Centennial history, as suggested in the Governor's 
message. 

Sec. 2. His Excellency the Governor is hereby authorized to appoint a suitable person 
as Commissioner, whose duty it shall be to immediately notify the people of the several 
towns, by circulars or otherwise, of this action of the General Assembly, and who shall 



APPENDIX D. 



13 



revise, compile, copyright, and publish in book form, under the supervision of the Gov- State action 
ernor, the historical sketches before mentione 1 ; and shall receive therefor such suitable Connecticut 
compensation, not exceeding one thousand dollars, as the Governor may direct. 

Sec. 3. One copy of such book shall be furnished to each of the State officers and mem- 
bers of the present General Assembly of this State, to each of the towns of this State, to 
each of the several States of the United States, to each of the school and public libraries of 
this State, and one hundred copies be at the disposal of the Governor, to distribute or 
deposit, as he may see fit ; and one copy shall be given to the person in each town who 
shall prepare and forward the matter appertaining to such town ; such person to be selected 
by the residents of the town on or before the Fourth of July,' 1876; and in case of contest 
as to who shall be so selected, the Selectmen and Town Clerk shall decide. 

Approved July 7, 1876. 



DELAWARE. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JAMES PONDER. 

January 5, 1875. 

A celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence is to be 
held in the City of Philadelphia during the next year by an exhibition of the products and 
resources of the country. 

The co-operation of every State in the Union is desired by those having the charge of 
the celebration, so as to make it worthy of. the American Republic. The Centennial Com- 
mission, through the Director-General, Hon. A. T. Goshorn, desires that State Boards be 
appointed to co-operate with the National Board of Commissioners as the most effectual 
means of securing the desired end. The appointment of a State Board to represent this 
State and arrange for the proper exhibition of its products will doubtless aid such of our 
citizens as desire to participate in the celebration by exhibiting their articles of manufacture 
or other productions. Gentlemen in this State would doubtless volunteer to act as members 
of a State Commission, and I therefore recommend that authority be given for the appoint- 
ment of such a Board. 



Delaware. 



JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF DELAWARE. 

Adopted March 25, 1875. 

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Delaware in Gen- 
eral Assembly met : 

First. That Dr. Allen V. Lesley, Charles Beasten, Esq., Hon. L. F. Riddle, Dr. 
Charles H. Richards, Hon. John W. Cansey, Hon. Paynter Frame, John H. Bewley, Esq., 
Hon. Joseph P. Comegys, and Hon. Henry B. Fiddeman be, and they are hereby, appointed 
to attend the Centennial Celebration of the Declaration of Independence, to be held in the 
City of Philadelphia, as Commissioners on the part of the State of Delaware, whose duty 
it shall be to take all measures necessary to secure the proper exhibition of all products of 
the citizens of this State which shall be sent to the said Centennial Celebration. 

Second. That whatever expenses may be incurred under the above resolution shall be 
paid by the State Treasurer upon the warrant of the Commissioners ; Provided, said expenses 
shall not exceed the sum of two thousand dollars. 

Third. That the Governor of this State be, and he is hereby, directed to subscribe for 



I32 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. stock of the said Centennial to the amount of ten thousand dollars, and that the State 
Delaware. Treasurer shall pay the said amount upon the warrant of the Governor. 

Adopted at Dover, March 25, 1875. 

The foregoing is a true copy of the Joint Resolution adopted at Dover, March 25, 1875. 
Attest: IGNATIUS C. GRUBB, Sea etary of State. 



Florida. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN P. COCHRAN. 

January 2, 1877. 

A Joint Resolution of the General Assembly, adopted March 25, 1875, directed the 
Governor to subscribe for stock of the United States Centennial International Exhibition to 
the amount of ten thousand dollars. In obedience thereto, and in behalf of the State, I 
subscribed for one thousand shares of said stock of the par value of ten dollars each, and 
the said sum of ten thousand dollars was duly paid by the State Treasurer upon my war- 
rant drawn in favor of the Treasurer of the Centennial Board of Finance, and the proper 
certificates of stock are now in the hands of the State Treasurer for the use of the State. 
It is with satisfaction that I am able to announce, upon information derived from an 
authentic source, that at least twenty-five per cent, of the State subscription will certainly 
be refunded as dividends, even though the United States Congressional appropriation of 
$1,500,000 shall be first deducted from the net cash assets of the Exhibition, and that pos- 
sibly ninety per cent, thereof will be refunded if said appropriation shall not be so deducted, 
— a result which is as gratifying as it was unanticipated when the General Assembly, from 
sentiments of patriotism and without expectation of return, made our liberal appropriation 
in aid and encouragement of the great historic celebration in its hour of need. 

Under the provisions of the same Joint Resolution a Commission of nine citizens, promi- 
nent representatives of the various professions and pursuits within our State, was appointed to 
attend the Centennial Exhibition to take all measures necessary to secure the proper exhi- 
bition of the industries and products of the State, and the sum of two thousand dollars 
was appropriated for the payment of all needful expenditures necessarily incurred by them 
in the discharge of their duties. These duties, as is well known, were faithfully and satis- 
factorily discharged, and in a manner highly creditable to our State and greatly to the 
advantage and convenience of its people. But the amount appropriated for the expendi- 
tures of the Commissioners, owing to outlays which could not be anticipated, as I am as- 
sured, proved inadequate, and they were obliged to incur an indebtedness somewhat in 
excess of the legislative appropriation. As these gentlemen rendered their services from 
public-spirited motives, for the honor of the State and the benefit of its citizens, and en- 
tirely without compensation, it seems but just and proper that any indebtedness incurred 
by them in the discharge of their duties to the State and its people should be paid by the 
State, and I cordially recommend their claims for your favorable consideration. 



FLORIDA. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR O. B. HART. 

January I, 1 874. 

An Act of Congress approved March 3, 1871, provided for the national celebration of the 
One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States by the holding of an 
Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine. Commissioners 
appointed under said Act constitute the United States Centennial Commission. Another Act 



APPENDIX D. 133 

of Congress approved June 1, 1872, created the Centennial Board of Finance, which is State actio: 
charged with the financial administration of the preparations of the Exhibition. With the Florida - 
aid of the two Boards, to wit, the United States Centennial Commission and the Centennial 
Board of Finance, it is reasonably expected that the grand International Exhibition of 1876 
in Philadelphia will be worthy our great country in the magnificent display of the products, 
not only of our own land, but of all other nations. The Board of Finance has already suc- 
ceeded in raising sufficient funds (over three millions being pledged) to justify the Com- 
mission in inaugurating the great work before it. 

The ground has been laid out in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia (450 acres having been 
reserved for that purpose), the plan of the buildings adopted, and the work is now in such 
a state of forwardness as to leave no reasonable doubt of its completion by the time fixed 
for the opening of the Exhibition on the 19th of April, 1876. On the 4th of July last the 
President of the United States, in view of the fact that the work had already been com- 
menced, issued his proclamation announcing the Exhibition and National Celebration, and 
commended them to the people of the United States and of all nations. 

In this great Exhibition Florida should not be unrepresented. The varied products of 
her soil, if there fully set forth, must and will necessarily attract attention to the wonderful 
resources that bounteous nature has lavished upon her. She will have an opportunity never 
before offered us of exhibiting to the world what climate and soil have done for her. I 
recommend the passage of a joint resolution authorizing the appointment of a State Board 
of five persons State Commissioners, which should be composed only of those who are 
thoroughly familiar with the resources and products of the State. It will be the duty of 
the Board to take charge of the interest of this State and of its citizens in matters relating 
to the Exhibition, to disseminate the necessary information, issue invitations to participate, 
receive and pronounce upon applications for space, to apportion the space placed at its dis- 
posal, and all matters relating to the approaching Exhibition, as far as the State is concerned, 
should be transacted through them. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR M. L. STEARNS. 

January, 1875. 

Governor Hart, in his last annual message, called the attention of the Legislature to the 
importance of having the varied products of Florida properly represented at the great Inter- 
national Exhibition of 1876, and recommended the passage of a joint resolution authorizing 
the appointment of a Board of State Commissioners to take charge of the interests of the 
State and of its citizens in all matters relating to the Exhibition. The Legislature, how- 
ever, took no action, and as the matter could not be longer deferred, I assumed the respon- 
sibility, in April last, of appointing the following Board, viz. : Judge Charles H. Du Pont, 
of Quincy; Hon. T. W. Osborn, of Jacksonville; Dr. Arthur V. Conover, of St. Augus- 
tine ; Hon. George E. Wentworth, of Pensacola; and Hon. Edward C. Howe, of Key West. 
These gentlemen accepted the trust, except the first named, who declined, and in his place 
I have appointed Hon. D. S. Walker, who has signified his acceptance. I submit this action 
to your honorable body for approval, and ask that you clothe them with the necessary 
authority to carry into full effect the objects of their appointment. 

I cannot but express my surprise and regret at the indifference with which the people 
of Florida seem to regard this important Exhibition. It offers an opportunity never before 
presented, and which may perhaps never be presented again, of displaying before our sister 
States and the world our abundant, but as yet undeveloped, agricultural and industrial 
resources, and of placing Florida in her proper position as one of the most favored States in 
the Union. The women of Florida, under the direction of Mrs. Ellen Call Long, Com- 
missioner for Florida of the Women's United States Centennial Auxiliary Association, 



34 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Ftatc action. whose eloquent appeal, issued in October last, should have found a ready echo in every 
Florida. patriotic heart, have already set to work, and I sincerely trust that the men of Florida will 

not be long behind them in seeking to uphold the dignity and advance the fame of their 

beautiful State. 



Georgia. 



GEORGIA, 



RESOLUTION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA. 
Approved March 6, 1875. 

Resolved, That his Excellency the Governor be, and he is hereby, authorized and re- 
quested to cause the proper steps to be taken, under the direction and control of the Com- 
missioners of Agriculture, for affording the necessary facilities to the people of this State 
fcr forwarding and exhibiting products of the soil and mines, mechanics, and other resources 
of the State, at the approaching Centennial Exhibition, to be held in the City of Phila- 
delphia, in the year 1876, and in visiting the same; Provided, that persons receiving the 
benefit of such facilities and organization be first required to pay such sum as will cover all 
expenses. The State to be in no way liable fcr any expense or costs incurred, of any kind, 
but the same to be borne, exclusively, by the persons taking the benefits as aforesaid, under 
such rules and regulations as the Governor may prescribe, by which, with combined action, 
exhibitors may obtain the best advantages in reduction of freights and passage, order, and 
safety in the exhibition and care of the property. 

Resolved, further, That the State University be requested to furnish the proper data for 
the Bureau of History and Statistics in the approaching Centennial Exhibition, and for this 
purpose the officers of the University, or persons charged by it with the work, have access 
to the archives and public library of the State, and the State Geologist be requested to fur- 
nish the necessary surveys, geological information, and specimens from his office ; Provided, 
that this work be accomplished with no expense to the State, beyond the actual cost of 
freight and handling of the articles and packages sent by said University and the State 
Geologist as aforesaid, a schedule and estimate of which shall be made and filed in the 
Executive Office, and approved by the Governor before the articles are sent. 



Idaho. 



IDAHO. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR T. W. BENNETT. 

December 8, 1874. 

The Congress of the United States, by an Act of March 3, 1871, authorized and made 
provision for duly celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of our National Independ- 
ence, by holding in the City of Philadelphia an " International Exhibition of Arts, Manu- 
factures, and Products of the Soil and Mine." This Exhibition will open on the 19th day 
of April, 1876, and continue six months. The President, upon the recommendation of the 
several Governors, has appointed one Commissioner and one Alternate Commissioner in 
each State and Territory. In this Territory the Commissioners are the Hon. Thomas Don- 
aldson and C. W. Moore, Esq., gentlemen whose ability, energy, and thorough acquaint- 
ance with the subject render them eminently fitted for the performance of the duties 
imposed upon them. And in pursuance of official instructions to me, I have appointed a 
Board of Managers for this Territory. My instructions as to the duties of this Board are 
as follows, viz. : 

" To provide for the efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Exhibition, and to 
organize a uniform system to thu end throughout the United States, the several States and 



APPENDIX D. 



135 



Territories are invited and recommended to appoint, as early as possible, State Centennial State action. 
Managers. They should be selected entirely with regard to their familiarity with the Id ho - 
resources, arts, and products of their State, their business experience, and executive skill. 
The State Managers, with the United States Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner, 
shall constitute the State Board of Centennial Managers for each State and Territory. 

" On the State Board will devolve all the responsibility of organizing its State or Terri- 
tory, and of securing its thorough representation in the Exhibition. It will have to care for 
the interests of its own State and of its citizens in matters relating to the Exhibition ; to dis- 
seminate information about it ; to issue invitations to participate ; to receive and pronounce 
upon applications for space ; to apportion the space placed at its disposal among the exhib- 
itors from its State ; and to supervise such other details relating to the representation of its 
citizens in the Exhibition as may from time to time be delegated to it by the United States 
Centennial Commission." 

This Board of Managers consists of the following-named gentlemen, the mention of 
whose names I am assured will inspire the confidence of the people, viz. : General L. F. 
Cartee, Hon. John Hailey, Thomas E. Logan, Esq., J. C. Isaacs, Esq., Thomas Ranney, 
Esq., A. Rossi, Esq., C. Jacobs, Esq., Austin Savage, Esq., Boise City; W. J. Hill, Esq., 
Silver City; Hon. Ben. Wilson, Pioneer City; Hon. L. P. Brown, Mount Idaho; Hon. 
John McNally, Red Warrior. A majority of the Board were appointed from Boise City in 
order that a quorum could always be had for business. 

The object of the Exhibition is a grand one. As a celebration of the great event which 
gave birth to this mighty Republic, it is calculated to inspire every citizen with the patriotic 
resolve, that as our fathers have transmitted these free institutions to us through the cen- 
tury passed, so we will transmit them onward through the century to come, growing brighter 
and grander as they go. As an exhibition of the arts, products, and industries of the coun- 
try, its effects will be momentous for good throughout the civilized world. The Exhibition 
is to be held at the right time, and in the right place. Through you, the people's repre- 
sentatives, I beseech of them a hearty co-operation, to the end that the great resources of 
Idaho may be made known to the world, and the success of the great enterprise assured. 



ILLINOIS. Illinois. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. BEVERIDGE. 

January 6, 1874. 
I desire to call the attention of the Legislature to the International Exhibition of 1876, 
in Philadelphia, and submit herewith for its consideration a circular, issued November 12, 
i873» kv the United States Centennial Commission, inviting the several States and Terri- 
tories to appoint State Centennial Managers. The importance of this Exhibition, inter- 
national in its character, commemorative of American Independence, and associated with 
the honor and future prosperity of the nation, demands that the arts, manufactures, and 
products of the soil and mines of Illinois be well represented ; and I ask that the Legisla- 
ture take early action, and intimate, by law or resolution, the will of the people in this matter. 



JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ILLINOIS. 
Adopted March 30, 1874. 
Whereas, The United States Centennial Commission has requested the appointment, in 
each State, of a State Board of Managers to represent their respective States at the Interna- 
tional Exhibition, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, in 1876; therefore, 

Resolved by the Senate, the Hotise concurring herein, That the Governor be, and is 



I36 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action, hereby, authorized to appoint a State Board of Managers, consisting of seven members, 
Illinois. twQ Q f w h om shaii b e th e United States Centennial Commissioners, and Alternate, hereto- 

fore appointed to represent the interests of this State at the International Exhibition, to be 
held at the City of Philadelphia, in 1876; and the Governor is also authorized to require the 
State Board of Managers annually to report to him their proceedings on or before the first 
day of January, to be by him submitted to the General Assembly ; Provided, that said Board 
of Managers shall not incur any expenses, personal or otherwise, on behalf of the State. 
Adopted March 30, 1874. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. BEVERIDGE. 

January 6, 1 875. 

The Twenty-eighth General Assembly, by resolution, authorized the appointment of a 
State Board of Managers to represent Illinois in the International Exhibition, to be held in 
Philadelphia, in 1876, under the auspices of the United States Centennial Commission, with 
instructions to report to this Legislature. 

The Board was appointed, and their report will be transmitted to the General Assembly 
when received. 

I wish to impress upon the Legislature, and upon the people of the State, the importance 
and magnitude of this International Exhibition. 

It will open on the 19th day of April, in commemoration of the battle of Lexington, 
the beginning of the Revolutionary struggle; it will close on the 19th day of October, in 
commemoration of the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, the triumph of American 
arms. 

It is inaugurated in honor of the one hundredth anniversary of our independence, 
and of the Centennial year of our national existence; and to exhibit to the world our won- 
derful growth, development, wealth, and resources, our arts and industries, our civilization 
and national greatness, and the glory and magnificence of American institutions. 

Up to the 1 8th of last December twenty-two foreign Governments had signified their 
intention to participate in the Exhibition, and unofficial advices had been received of exten- 
sive preparations being made in four others for a large display of their industries. 

These Governments represent both continents, and are among the oldest, most powerful, 
and most enlightened nations of the earth. 

Illinois should share in the honor and advantages of this Exhibition, and I recommend 
such action on the part of the General Assembly as will secure to the State a notable repre- 
sentation of its history, industry, art, mechanism, minerals, manufactories, and agriculture. 



•SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. BEVERIDGE. 

February 17, 1875. 
To the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives: 

I have the honor to transmit the annual report of the State Board of Centennial Man- 
agers for the year 1874. This Board was appointed by the Governor in 1874, in accordance 
with the Joint Resolution of the General Assembly, adopted by the Senate January 30, 
1874, as follows: 

[See resolution printed above.] 

As will be seen by the report of the Board of Managers, they desire, in the furtherance 
of their duties, an appropriation of ten thousand dollars from the State. 

In view of the near approach of the Centennial Exhibition and its prospective impor- 
tance to the industrial and other interests of our State, I recommend a proper consideration 
of their request, as has been indicated in my Annual Message. 

JOHN L. BEVERIDGE, Governor. 



APPENDIX D. 



137 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ILLINOIS. State action. 

Illinois. 

April 8, 1875. 
A Bill for an Act to appropriate money to defray the expenses of the State Board of Man- 
agers to represent Illinois in the Centennial Exhibition, at Philadelphia, in 1876, and 
facilitate a proper representation of the Industries of this State in said Exhibition. 
Whereas, In accordance with a Joint Resolution of the Twenty-eighth General Assem- 
bly, a State Board of Managers, to represent the interests of Illinois in the Centennial Ex- 
hibition, at Philadelphia, in 1876, have been appointed ; And whereas, it is necessary to a 
proper discharge of their duties that the State should provide the necessary funds to defray 
the expenses thereof; therefore, 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the people of the State of Illinois, represented in the General 
Assembly, That the sum of ten thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is 
hereby appropriated to the use of the State Board of Managers, appointed to represent 
Illinois in the International Exhibition, to be held in Philadelphia, in 1876, under the 
auspices of the United States Centennial Commission. 

Sec. 2. The Auditor is hereby directed to draw his warrant upon the Treasurer, upon 
vouchers approved by the Governor, for the expenses incurred by said State Board of Man- 
agers, and certified by the President and Secretary of said Board ; Provided, that the 
members of said Board of Managers shall receive no compensation for their services. 
Became a law April 8, 1875. 



INDIANA. 



Indiana. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR THOMAS A. HENDRICKS. 

January 7, 1875. 

On the 3d day of March, 1871, an Act of Congress was adopted declaring that "it 
behooves the people of the United States to celebrate by appropriate ceremonies the Cen- 
tennial Anniversary" of the signing and promulgation of the Declaration of the Independ- 
ence of the United States ; and that it is appropriate to commemorate the completion of 
the first century of our national existence by an exhibition of the natural resources of the 
country, and of our progress in those arts which benefit mankind, in comparison with older 
nations ; and declaring also that " the Exhibition should be a national celebration in which 
the people of the whole country should participate," and that " it should have the sanction 
of the Congress of the United States." In accordance with that declaration the Act of 
Congress provided : " That an Exhibition of American and foreign arts, products, and manu- 
factures shall be held under the auspices of the Government of the United States in the 
City of Philadelphia in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six." Provision was also 
made for a Commission to execute the will of Congress so declared. The organization has 
been completed, and the State of Pennsylvania and the City of Philadelphia have appro- 
priated large sums of money to aid the enterprise. The work of preparation has been 
commenced and is rapidly advancing. The designs contemplate an Exhibition suitable for 
the great occasion. 

The Act of Congress has committed our country and the people to the celebration. A 
failure would cause us national humiliation. Success will gratify our national pride, and at 
the same time promote our prosperity by attracting the people and wealth of other countries. 
I recommend that you make such provision as will secure to the people of Indiana and 
their interests a full and advantageous representation. 



[Note.— An Act of the Legislature of Indiana, approved March 16, 1875, appropriated 
#5000 to be used for the representation of the State in the Exhibition.] 



I38 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. j Q -^j p^ 

Iowa. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR C. C. CARPENTER. 

January, 1 874. 

My predecessor appointed Hon. Robert Lowry and Hon. C. F. Clarkson Commissioner 
and Alternate to represent Iowa in the United States Centennial Commission. They have 
performed their duties with credit to the State; and as the time approaches for this grand 
Exhibition in commemoration of the hundredth anniversary of our national independence, 
the greatness of the undertaking and the responsibility of those having it in charge become 
more and more apparent. In connection with this subject several documents have been 
forwarded to this office making suggestions as to the steps which it seems necessary each 
State should take for itself in order to secure a rroper representation in the Exhibition. I 
regard it as highly important that Iowa should make a creditable exhibition of the products 
of her soil, art, and industry in this great World's Fair, and will, therefore, at an early day 
lay the documents which have been transmitted to me before the General Assembly, with 
such other suggestions as may occur to me as of importance at the time. 



EXTRACT FROM THE SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR C. C. 

CARPENTER. 

January 31, 1874. 
Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Representatives: 

In furtherance of the purpose expressed in my biennial message, I transmit, for such 
disposition as you may deem wise, the following communications in regard to the Centennial 
Exhibition, viz. : A letter from Hon. Robert Lowry, Commissioner, signed also by Hon. 
C. F. Clarkson, Alternate Commissioner, in respect to the character and objects of the 
Exhibition; also a letter from General A. T. Goshorn, Director-General United States Cen- 
tennial Commission, calling attention to the steps each State will be required to take to 
secure a creditable representation therein. I have also inclosed circulars numbers 19, 39, 
and 50 of the Board of Commissioners, the last being entitled " Information for Exhibitors 
in the United States." 

These official papers will give the General Assembly, or any Committee to which they 
may be referred, full and reliable information upon the salient points to be considered in 
regard to this great National Exhibition. It is, therefore, unnecessary for me to elaborate 
what has been said by gentlemen whose sources of information could not fail to give them 
correct knowledge of what will be required from our State in order that we may compare 
favorably with others. There is one recommendation, however, which, in view of my 
interpretation of the truth that " the laborer is worthy of his hire," I cannot forbear to 
make ; and I desire it to be understood that I do this from my own sense of fairness, as 
neither of the Commissioners has suggested the desire for a recommendation of this 
character. 

Our Commissioners are eminently fitted, by aptitude and attainments, for their positions. 
Much to the credit, as it will be greatly to the advantage of Iowa, Mr. Lowry has been 
made Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture. Mr. Clarkson is not only a practical 
farmer, but an intelligent and forcible writer upon agricultural and other subjects. It 
therefore seems to me, if these men give their time to this work (and one of them, if not 
both, should devote nearly, if not quite the entire interval from now until the close of the 
Exhibition in looking after the interests of Iowa therein), that the State should pay their 
expenses. I do not regard this as a recommendation for a donation to help on a celebration 



APPENDIX D. 



1 39 



Iowa. 



which appeals to the patriotic impulses of every American, for I believe, throwing out of State 
view every consideration of patriotism, that the money expended economically and carefully 
in securing a proper representation of Iowa in this Exhibition will be returned to the 

State increased at least fourfold. 

C. C. CARPENTER. 
Executive Office, January 31, 1874. 

SPECIAL PAPERS (ACCOMPANYING GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE). 

January, 1874. 

THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876, IN PHILADELPHIA. 

Commissioners' Letter. 
To his Excellency C. C. Carpenter, Governor of Iowa : 

Dear Sir, — In compliance with your request to write you a letter in reference to the 
objects and progress of the Centennial Exhibition, we as the representatives of the State of 
Iowa in the United States Centennial Commission, constituted by an Act of Congress 
approved March 3, 187 1, providing for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of 
American Independence by holding a Centennial International Exhibition of the Arts, Manu- 
factures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, State of Pennsyl- 
vania, in the year 1876, under the auspices of the Government of the United States, most 
respectfully submit the following : 

A Commissioner and Altei-nate from each State and Territory are constituted by an ap- 
pointment of the President, upon recommendations of the Governors of the several States 
and Territories ; whose duty it is to prepare and superintend a plan for holding the Exhibi- 
tion, and to fix upon a suitable site within the limits of the City of Philadelphia where the 
Exhibition shall be held. It is made the duty of the Commission to report to Congress a 
suitable date for opening the Exhibition, plans for the reception and classification of articles 
for exhibition, custom-house regulations for the introduction of foreign articles, etc. It 
appears from the bill that Congress at the time of its passage was laboring under a fit of 
great economy not always characteristic of that body. It provides that the Commissioner 
and Alternate shall receive no compensation whatever, and that the United States shall not 
be liable for any expenses; leaving the labor, expenses, and responsibility to be borne by 
private citizens, with such aid as can be given by the City of Philadelphia and the several 
States and Territories. While the monarchical governments of the world have appropriated 
millions of dollars for the erection of suitable buildings, and other necessary expenses, for 
International Exhibitions in their own countries, and our Congress has appropriated thou. 
sands of dollars to send Commissioners to their International Exhibitions, it has not as yet 
appropriated one dollar for the celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the birth of 
the greatest republican government the world has ever seen. The Centennial Exhibition 
will be international and universal : international, inasmuch as all the nations have been 
officially invited to participate in it ; and universal, because representative of all arts, in- 
dustries, and manufactures, and all the various results of human skill, thought, and imagi- 
nation. Here will be spread out before us the manufactures of Great Britain, — the source 
of all her power, — with her noble draught and fast running horses, her fine cattle of Here- 
fords, Devons, and Ayrshires, her splendid sheep of Leicesters, Cotswolds, and Saxony, 
her best breed of hogs. From France will come articles of taste and utility, exquisite in 
design and perfect in execution, with her horses, cattle, and sheep, her sugar-beet and 
olive oil. From Russia, iron and leather no nations have learned to excel. From Prussia, 
her various manufactured articles, her splendid wheat and barley. Austria will be there with 
her great mineral wealth. Berlin and Munich with artistic productions in iron and bronze. 
From Turkey, her rich carpets. From Arabia, the best coffee that grows, with her noble 
Arabian horses. From Switzerland, her unequaled wood-carvings and delicate watch-works. 
From Bohemia will come the perfections of glass-blowing and musical instruments. From 



action 



I40 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action, poor old Spain, to whose daring public spirit, nearly four centuries ago, we owe the possi- 
Iowa. bility of this llour? will CQme the ev ^ence of greatness, now unhappily faded away for the 

want of education among her people, with her herds of cattle and fine Merino sheep. 
From Nineveh and Pompeii, the evidence of the buried past. From China, her curious 
workmanship, the result of accumulated ingenuity, reaching back beyond the time when 
history began. Matchless wood-work from Japan. From Persia will come her gorgeous 
fabrics to diversify and stimulate our trade. From our near neighbor, the Dominion of 
Canada, will come her manufactured articles of utility, her fine horses and cattle, and her 
wheat and barley. All the States and Territories of the Union will have adequate space 
assigned them in the buildings of the great Centennial Exhibition for the display of their 
own arts, manufactures, and products of the soil and mine. 

Iowa will have a place assigned to her. Shall it be filled by the rich products of her 
soil, mines, arts, manufactures, or shall it remain empty ? It is estimated that there will be 
ten millions of visitors there. We feel sufficient pride in the renown of our own State — 
the noble " Hawk-Eye State" — to believe that the space assigned to it will be visited by all. 
Shall it be empty, or full; vacant, or crowded with articles showing the immense agricul- 
tural and mineral wealth of the young giant of the West? Citizens of Icwa, the great 
responsibility rests with you. Shall Iowa then occupy the same position in the Centennial 
Exhibition as has been assigned her, as one of the richest States in the Union in the pro- 
ducts of her soil, the healthfulness of her climate, her freedom from State indebtedness, her 
humane laws, and her boundaries in the largest and noblest rivers in the world ; only twenty- 
eight years old, with a population of upwards of one million two hundred thousand souls, 
with more miles of railroads in operation than any other State in the Union, except six, and 
with millions of acres of her rich, fertile soil still unoccupied ? 

The Centennial Commission have had four meetings in Philadelphia, have selected four 
hundred and fifty acres of ground in Fairmount Park, have decided upon the plan of the 
buildings, and have fixed upon the day for opening and closing the Exhibition. The opening 
of the Exhibition will take place on the 19th day of Ajril, the anniversary of the battle of 
Lexington, and it will close on the 19th day of October, the anniversary of the battle and 
surrender of Yorktown.* 

Congress has also passed a bill creating a Board of Finance, whose duty is to raise the 
requisite funds to erect the necessary buildings. The Board of Finance consists of four 
from each State at large, and two from each Congressional district. Iowa has twenty-two, 
selected by the members of Congress from their respective districts. The following are the 
names of the gentlemen selected : For the State at large : Samuel Murdoch, L. W. Ross, 
J. M. Shaffer, F. R. West. First District: James Putnam, Arthur Bridgman. Second 
District: Milo Smith, John Helsinger. Third District: B. B. Richards, James H. Easton. 
Fourth District : S. H. Curtis, John B. Powers. Fifth District : John F. Ely, John P. 
Irish. Sixth District: H. S. Winslow, H. Tannehill. Seventh District: B. F.' Murray, 
P. Gad Bryan. Eighth District: William Hale, Wayne Stennitt. Ninth District: E. R. 
Kirk, N. B. Hyatt. The stockholders of the Board of Finance have elected Hon. John 
Welsh, of Philadelphia, President; Hon. Frederick Fraley, of Philadelphia, Secretary; 
and some twenty-five Directors. Hon. B. F. Allen, of Iowa, and Governor Washburn, of 
Wisconsin, represent the Western States in the Board of Directors. What amount of stock 
the people of Iowa have taken we do not know, but are apprehensive that it is as yet very 
little. We do hope that at least part of Iowa's quota will be taken. California and Oregon 
are fully alive to the important interest they have as States in the Exhibition, and are 
pledged to take their full quota of stock. Philadelphia and Pennsylvania have taken 
upward of three millions of dollars. 

The Centennial Exhibition being national and in commemoration of the one hundredth 
anniversaiy of our national independence, it does appear to us that Congress should make 

* These dates were subsequently changed to May 10 and Nov. 10. 



APPENDIX D. 



41 



a reasonable appropriation for the erection of the necessary buildings for the Exhibition, State action, 
and not leave the whole responsibility of raising the necessary funds to rest with Pennsyl- Iowa. 
vania. We have no authority to speak for our Iowa delegation in Congress ; they have a 
habit of speaking for themselves ; but we feel assured that they will manifest their patri- 
otism, their regard for their dear ancestors, and their love of country by voting for a 
reasonable appropriation. As President Grant has officially notified all the nations of the 
earth that the United States is going to hold a Centennial International Exhibition in the 
year 1876, and has invited them all to come and see, and has already been notified of the 
acceptance of the invitation by a number of the nations, it is to be hoped that the greatest 
republican government the world has ever seen will be fully prepared, panic or no panic, 
to make such a display, such an exhibition of her greatness, her power, her arts and manu- 
factures, and the products of her soil and mines, as has never before been exhibited in the 
world. In behalf of our great State, which we have the honor to represent in the United 
States Centennial Commission, we invoke your assistance, and that of the Legislature, in 
the work of providing that our State shall on that important occasion be thoroughly repre- 
sented. After examination of the practice of previous International Exhibitions, and con- 
sidering the particular difficulties imposed in the present Exhibition by reason of the great 
extent of our country and the varied nature of its products, the Centennial Commission 
have concluded that in no other way can a thorough representation of the resources of each 
of the States in the Union be so certainly insured as by the appointment, under the auspices 
of each State government, of a State Board of Centennial Managers, to consist of five, 
specially charged with the duty of ]- effecting the exhibit to be made by its own State. 

The objects to be displayed in the Exhibition will be arranged in ten Departments, 
named as follows :* 

1. Raw Materials, Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal. 

2. Materials and Manufactures used for Food or in the Arts, the result of extracting or 
combining processes. 

3. Textile and Felted Fabrics; Apparel; Costumes and Ornaments for the Person. 

4. Furniture, and Manufactures of General Use in Construction and in Dwellings. 

5. Tools, Implements, Machines, and Processes. 

6 . Motors and Transportation. 

7. Apparatus and Methods for the Increase and Diffusion of Knowledge. 

8. Engineering, Public Works, Architecture, etc. 

9. Plastic and Graphic Arts. 

10. Objects Illustrating Efforts for the Improvement of the Physical, Intellectual, and 
Moral Condition of Man. 

It should be a matter of State pride with us to see that Iowa is represented in as many 
of these Departments as possible, and that the objects she contributes shall adequately in- 
dicate her great resources. It will also be a measure of sound policy and economy to 
display to the millions of visitors who will assemble at Philadelphia in 1876, from our own 
country and from abroad, such evidence of the rich products of her soil and mines as shall 
direct to our vast unbroken prairies an enlarged flow of immigration, and attract capital 
from abroad to be invested in manufactures, which are so inseparably connected with our 
great agricultural interests. No such opportunity for making known to the world the 
attractions of Iowa is likely to recur within the days of the present generation. Under 
these circumstances it is to be hoped that the Board of Centennial Managers for Iowa will 
be afforded every facility for the satisfactory performance of their duty which an enlight- 
ened public spirit and liberality cm suggest. Other States are already in advance of us in 
this work of preparation, and although there is time enough, if diligently employed, for 
the collection of an exhibition in which our people may take pride, yet there is no time to 
lose. The Board of Centennial Managers should be organized with as little delay as 

* There were ultimately seven departments instead of ten. See Form No. 104, page 60. 



142 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action, possible, and should establish a central office frcm which to disseminate information to 
Iowa - exhibitors. 

With much respect, we remain your obedient servants, 
ROBERT LOWRY, Commissioner. 
C. F. CLARKSON, Alternate Commissioner. 
January 1874. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF IOWA. 

Approved February 26, 1876. 

An Act to appropriate money to aid in exhibiting the resources and products of the State of 

Iowa at the Centennial Exhibition, 

SECTION I. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Iowa, That the sum 
of twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or so much thereof as may be necessary, be, and is 
hereby, appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the 
purpose of aiding in exhibiting the resources, industries, and products of the State of Iowa 
at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in the year a.d. 1876. 

Sec. 2. The money hereby appropriated, or so much thereof as may be found necessary, 
shall be expended for said purpose by the Executive Council, in such manner as they may 
direct, and all claims payable out of this appropriation shall be audited and allowed by the 
Executive Council before payment, and upon the audit and allowance of such claim or 
claims, the Auditor shall issue his warrant therefor. 

Sec. 3. All articles for exhibition procured by the Executive Council at the expense of 
the State, or that shall be donated to the State, shall remain the property of the State, sub- 
ject to the control of the Executive Council, and at the close of said Exhibition said articles, 
or those for which they may be exchanged by the Executive Council, shall be returned to 
the Capitol of the State to be disposed of as the General Assembly shall by law direct, and 
the Executive Council are hereby authorized to exchange any of the articles on exhibition 
for other articles exhibited at said Exhibition as in their discretion they may deem advisa- 
ble for the interest of the State. 

In all cases where money is expended under this Act by the Executive Council in aiding 
any individual or individuals in preparing or transporting articles for exhibition, they are 
hereby authorized to make such contracts with such individuals in regard to the ownership 
or disposition of the articles so prepared, transported, or exhibited, as the Executive Council 
shall deem best for the interest of the State; but no such contract shall in any manner bind 
the State for the payment of any money beyond the sum hereby appropriated, nor shall the 
State be or become liable to any person or persons for the loss, destruction, injury, or keep- 
ing of any articles or property intrusted to said Executive Council, to the State, or its agents, 
for the purpose of keeping, preparing, transporting, or exhibiting, or for any other purpose 
under the provisions of this Act. 

Sec. 4. For the purpose of carrying this Act into effect the Governor is hereby authorized 
to appoint an Exhibition Manager, and such assistants as he deems necessary, who shall give 
such bonds for the faithful performance of their duties, and who shall perform such duties, 
make such report and receive such compensation out of the appropriation as the Executive 
Council may prescribe ; but said Manager and assistants shall in no event demand, or receive, 
or become entitled to any compensation from the State other than that derived or paid out 
of the money appropriated by this Act. 

Sec. 5. The Executive Council shall at the close of said Exhibition make a full report 
of the money expended, and of all their proceedings, and of all the property to which the 
State becomes entitled under the provisions of this Act, and file the same in the office 
of the Secretary of Stale, who shall Iny the same before the General Assembly at its next 



APPENDIX D. 



143 



Sec. 6. The Executive Council are hereby authorized and empowered to receive all such State action. 



donations and gifts of articles for exhibition, or moneys as may be offered by any person or 
persons, and to disburse and account for the same as herein provided. 

Sec. 7. This Act being deemed of immediate importance, it shall take effect and be in 
full force from and after its publication in the State Register and Iowa State Leader, news- 
papers published in Des Moines, Iowa. 

Approved February 26, 1876. 



Iowa. 



KANSAS. Kansas. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR THOMAS A. OSBORN. 

1874. 
A communication from Hon. John A. Martin, United States Centennial Commissioner for 
Kansas, and Hon. Geo. A. Crawford, Alternate Commissioner, recommending the creation 
of a State Board, by the Legislature, to co-operate with them in securing for the State a 
proper representation of its resources at the Centennial International Exhibition to be held 
at Philadelphia in 1876, is herewith laid before you. The communication contains many 
valuable suggestions, and it is hoped that it may receive that consideration which the 
importance of the subject of which it treats seems to demand. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF KANSAS. 

Approved March 9, 1874. 
An Act providing for the appointment of five State Centennial Managers for the Inter- 
national Exhibition at Philadelphia for i8j6, and defining their duties. 

Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas : 

Section i. That the Governor is hereby empowered and directed to appoint, prior to 
April I, 1874, five persons as State Centennial Managers for Kansas, to act in connection 
with the United States Centennial Commission in the celebration of the One Hundredth 
Anniversary of the Independence of the United States at Philadelphia, in the State of 
Pennsylvania, in 1876, by the holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products 
of the Soil and Mine. The said persons so to be appointed by the Governor shall be se- 
lected entirely with regard to their familiarity with the resources, arts, and products of the 
State, their business experience and executive skill, and shall be residents of the State 
at the time of their appointment. 

Sec. 2. That the said State Managers, with the United States Commissioner and Alter- 
nate Commissioner of Kansas, shall constitute the State Board of Centennial Managers for 
the State, and said State Board shall have to care for the interests of the State and of its 
citizens in matters relating to the International Exhibition in Philadelphia, in Pennsylvania, 
in 1876; to disseminate information about it; to issue invitations to participate; to receive 
and pronounce upon applications for space in the Exhibition; to apportion the space placed 
at its disposal among the exhibitors from the State; and to supervise such other details re 
latin^ to the representation of its citizens in the Exhibition as may from time to time be 
delegated to it by the United States Centennial Commission. 

Sec. 3. That the State Centennial Managers shall hold their office for the term of three 
years, unless sooner removed by the Governor for cause ; and any vacancy that may exist 
in the office of said State Centennial Managers by resignation, death, or otherwise, shall at 
once be filled by the Gdvernor by the appointment of a fit and suitable person to fill such 
vacancy. 

Sec. 4. The State Board of Centennial Managers for this State shall occupy the rooms 



State action. 
Kansas. 



I44 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

in the Capitol now occupied by the State Board of Agriculture, with the Board of Agri- 
culture, jointly. 

Sec. 5. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its publication in the 
Kansas Weekly Commonwealth. 

Approved March 9, 1874. 

I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of the original enrolled 
bill now on file in my office, and that the same was published in the Weekly Common- 
wealth, March 26, 1874. 

W. H. SMALLWOOD, Secretary of State. 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR THOMAS A. OSBORN. 
January 28, 1875. 
To the Legislature: 

I transmit herewith a communication from the Board of Managers for this State of the 
Centennial Exhibition, to be held in Philadelphia in 1876. With the suggestions and 
recommendations embraced in this communication I cordially concur. 

There can be no difference of opinion, I apprehend, as to the advisability and impor- 
tance of the State being represented upon the occasion of that great anniversary. As a 
State, Kansas has done but little, directly, to further the interests of immigration. The 
work has been mainly promoted by private and corporate agencies. Nevertheless, the 
results have been of the first importance in contributing to our rapid progress and develop- 
ment. The small expenditures made by the State in this behalf have certainly produced 
remunerative returns. It cannot be doubted that the collection and display of fruits at the 
leading competitive exhibitions of the Eastern States, the premiums received for such dis- 
plays, and the laudatory mention of the same in the principal journals of the country, were 
largely instrumental in directing attention to the capabilities of Kansas, and in inducing 
immigration. 

It is equally apparent that the enterprise of the principal railway companies during the 
last few years, in making extensive collections of the productions of localities adjacent to 
their lines, and exhibiting them at the great industrial expositions of the country, has been 
productive of excellent results. 

Rarely in the history of a State is so favorable an opportunity presented for placing its 
advantages before the world in an attractive light, and we may not unreasonably conclude, 
that at no future period of our history will it be in our power to accomplish so much for 
Kansas at comparative slight cost. The great disaster resulting from the grasshopper 
visitation — a calamity purely exceptional in its character — will have no permanent influence 
detrimental to our prosperity, unless unwarranted prejudices, affecting the reputation of the 
State for extensive and diversified production, shall be permitted to take root in the minds 
of the general public. I can conceive of no more efficient mode of dispelling unreason- 
able prejudices of this character than by making at Philadelphia, in the presence of repre- 
sentatives from every quarter of the globe, such an illustrative exhibition of our vast and 
varied resources as it will be easily within our power to make. 

It may be proper to suggest that whatever is to be clone should be done promptly. The 
collection of the materials for exhibition, their arrangement, classification, etc., the prepa- 
ration of the space assigned to Kansas in the Exhibition, and the measures necessary to 
secure the co-operation of individual and corporate enterprise, must all be attended to 
during the present year, to render our share in the Centennial in any degree worthy of the 
State. 

THOMAS A. OSBORN. 



APPENDIX D. 



145 



LETTER OF THE KANSAS STATE BOARD OF CENTENNIAL State action. 

MANAGERS. Kansas - 

Hon. T. A. Osborn, Governor, etc. : 

Dear Sir, — The State Board of Centennial Managers, appointed by authority of the 
Legislature, desire to call your attention to the necessity of an appropriation to carry on the 
work with which we are charged, and to ask that you present this subject to the Legisla- 
ture for its action. The Centennial Exhibition will open at Philadelphia on the 19th of 
April, and will close on the 19th of October, 1876. 

We believe that a full exhibition of the agricultural and industrial products of Kansas 
on that occasion would be of great material benefit to the State and its people. 

After full consultation, we have concluded that such an exhibition can best be made in 
a building to be erected on the Centennial grounds, near the Main Exhibition building, in 
which can be collected and exhibited, in a compact and attractive form, the best products 
of our fields, orchards, woods, work-shops, mines, etc. 

Several other States contemplate exhibitions of such character, and we are assured by 
the Director-General of the National Exhibition that ample space will be assigned to Kan- 
sas for this purpose. In view of the condition of our people, the National Centennial Com- 
mission will not expect from our State any subscription to the general fund necessary for 
conducting such an enterprise ; but Kansas ought to be able to collect and make a display 
that will be creditable to her resources, and that will demonstrate to the vast multitude of 
visitors that she is rich in all the elements that go to make up a prosperous Commonwealth. 

We suggest that in order to make such a display, the work of collecting be entered 
upon at an early day. 

We propose to collect specimens of the grains in the sheaf and clean grains ; of fruits 
and vegetables, making models of such as are so perishable that they cannot be kept for 
exhibition ; samples of wood growth, fruit, and timber ; a full collection of botanical and 
geological specimens ; specimens of the birds and animals of the State ; samples of the 
manufactured products of our artisans, and such curiosities and objects of interest as will 
add to the value and increase the attractiveness of the exhibition. 

Much of this work, as you will readily understand, must be done during the present 
year ; and to do it properly, or at all, in fact, we must have the means necessary to provide 
for the expense attending such a labor. We therefore respectfully request that you early 
bring the subject, by a special message or otherwise, to the attention of the Legislature, in 
order that we may confer with a joint committee of that body in regard to this important 
matter, and submit to them the plans that we have matured, and the measures necessary to 
carry them out. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servants, 
(Signed) 



GEO. 


T. ANTHONY, 


G. 


A. 


, CRAWFORD, 


JOHN 


A. MARTIN, 


S. 


T. 


KELSEY. 


E. W. 


DENNIS, 


A. 


J- 


NORTH, 


D. J. 


EVANS, 










Board 


of Commissioners. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF KANSAS. 
Approved March 6, 1875. 
An Act to authorize the State Centennial Managers to collect materials and to preserve and 
prepare the same for exhibition at Philadelphia, in eighteen hundred and seventy-six, 
and to provide for defraying the expenses thereof, being supplementary to chapter forty- 
four of the lazus of eighteen hundred and seventy-four. 
Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas : 

Section i. The State Centennial Managers, appointed in pursuance of chapter forty- 
four of the laws of eighteen hundred and seventy-four, are hereby authorized and directed 

10 



I46 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. during the year eighteen hundred and seventy-five to collect, preserve, and prepare for exhi- 
bition at Philadelphia, in Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, in such 
manner as, in their judgment, shall be for the best interest of the State, and will best effect 
the object of their appointment, materials, including selections and specimens of nature, art, 
and industry in Kansas, so as to represent as far as possible, and to the best advantage, the 
natural and artificial resources of the State, — the rocks, mines, and quarries; the prairies, 
hills, and forests ; the fields, gardens, and orchards ; the grains, grasses, fruits, and vegeta- 
bles; the trees, shrubs, and flowers; the soil, its productions, quality, and capacity, shall all 
be represented in such selections, with such other things as can be secured and preserved, 
to the end that a complete, thorough, and fair exhibition may be had of the actual and 
possible productions of the State. 

Sec. 2. Said Managers shall also prepare and have printed for distribution at the Exhibi- 
tion a complete condensed history of the State, showing its physical features, its early settle- 
ment, its birds, fishes, and animals, climate, geographical position, educational, religious, 
and charitable institutions, agricultural and manufacturing industries, streams and water- 
powers, railroads and other means of transportation, growth in population and wealth, 
character and habits of the people, and any other matters which will aid in making up a 
summary view of the birth, progress, and present condition of the State. 

Sec. 3. Five thousand dollars ($5000), or so much thereof as is necessary, are hereby 
appropriated out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated for the purpose 
of carrying out the provisions of this Act, to be paid by the Treasurer on warrants from the 
Auditor; but the Auditor shall not issue his warrant for any moneys appropriated by this 
Act except upon the filing in his office of an itemized statement, signed by the President 
of the Board of Centennial Managers, and countersigned by the Secretary of said Board, 
showing in detail for what the expense has been incurred, and verified by the oath of one 
member of the said Board of Managers. 

Sec. 4. This Act shall take effect, and be in force from and after its publication in the 
statute book. 

Approved March 6, 1875. 

I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of the original enrolled bill 
now on file in my office. 

THOMAS H. CAVANAUGH, Secretary of State. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR THOMAS A. OSBORN. 

January 11, 1876. 

The able and exhaustive report of the State Board of Agriculture is herewith transmitted 
to the Legislature. 

In addition to the labor heretofore performed by this branch of the Government, it last 
year had entire supervision of the taking of the census of the State, — a labor of by no 
means inconsiderable proportions, — and also had charge of the details of the work of the 
Board of Centennial Managers. The State Board cannot be too highly commended for the 
manner in which it has performed its duty. 

At the last session of the Legislature an appropriation of $5000 was made to enable the 
State Board of Managers to " preserve and prepare for exhibition at Philadelphia, . . . 
materials, including selections of nature, art, and industry in Kansas, so as to represent, as 
far as possible, and to the best advantage, the natural and artificial resources of the State," 
etc. The Board have performed the duty assigned to them with commendable energy and 
efficiency. Considerable collections of cereals, woods, etc., have been made, as well as 



APPENDIX D. 



47 



specimens illustrative of the natural history of the State. Several able writers have united State action, 
in the preparation of a work which exhibits, in a condensed form, its varied resources, and Kansas « 
the progress which has been made in their development, together with a succinct historical 
sketch. This work will soon be published, and will be laid before you. 

It is manifest that the public interest in the Exhibition has gradually widened and 
deepened during the past year. It is equally manifest, however, that the responsibility for 
the share which Kansas will have in that great enterprise must rest chiefly upon the State 
Government, and that no great reliance can be placed upon voluntary efforts. The Man- 
agers have determined — I judge with the general acquiescence of the public — that it would 
be to the interest of the State to erect a separate building upon the Exhibition grounds for 
the display of Kansas products, as well as for a general rendezvous for Kansas people. 
The necessary ground has been set apart, and a plan of the structure agreed upon. To 
erect the building, complete the collection of materials for exhibition, defray the cost of 
transportation, meet the necessary expense for labor, etc., the Managers think an appropri- 
ation of $25,000 will be requisite. Although the sum is a large one, I believe its investment 
in the manner proposed would prove profitable to the State. Every portion of the civilized 
world will be represented at Philadelphia, and it is within our capacity to do more for the 
promotion of immigration through this instrumentality than by years of ordinary effort. An 
Exhibition successful beyond anything the world has yet seen seems to be assured, and it is 
to be hoped that our part in it will be an honorable one. It is proper to add that whatever 
legislation may be necessary should be perfected promptly, in order that the construction of 
the building may be entered upon, and. the arrangements for the Exhibition completed at an 
early day. 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR THOMAS A. OSBORN. 

State of Kansas, Executive Department, 
Topeka, January 18, 1876. 
To the Legislature : 

I transmit herewith a leport of the State Board of Centennial Managers, made to me, 
to which I have the honor to recommend the early and earnest attention of the Legislature. 

The report embraces a full exhibit of the transactions of the Board, with their plans 
and estimates for the future. The subject is of such considerable consequence, and the 
matter of a creditable display at Philadelphia is so important to the State, that I feel myself 
justified in renewing the recommendation contained in my annual message, for the early 
and liberal action of the Legislature. 

THOMAS A. OSBORN. 

REPORT OF THE STATE BOARD OF CENTENNIAL MANAGERS OF 

KANSAS. 
Office State Board of Centennial Managers, 

Topeka, January 14, 1876. 
To the Governor: 

The State Board of Centennial Managers, at our meeting in March last, reorganized 
and elected permanent officers. President, George T. Anthony ; Vice-President, Edgar W. 
Dennis ; Treasurer, A. J. North ; Secretary, Alfred Gray. The Treasurer has given bond 
in the sum of $ 10,000, which has been approved by the Board. 

But little practical work could be done thus early. The people were busy receiving or 
dispensing " aid." There was depression, gloom, and doubt. At last came the prospect 
of an abundant harvest. 

premiums on grains and grasses. 

We offered premiums of $50 and $25 for the best and second-best display of grains and 
grasses in the stalk. The friendly rivalry was not as general as was expected. Products 



I4 8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. of rare excellence were received from several counties, especially from Montgomery and 



Kans; 



Crawford. On August 12 the Committee on Awards, consisting of T. C. Henry, of Dick- 
inson County, William Sims, of Shawnee, W. T. Hoblitzell, of Marion, and Joshua Wheeler, 
of Atchison, made report as follows : 

To the State Board of Centennial Managers : 

Your Awarding Committee, appointed to examine and award the premiums for the best 
and second-best display of grains and grasses in the stalk, in accordance with a resolution 
adopted by the State Board of Centennial Managers, at their meeting on the 1 8th and 19th 
of May, respectfully report that they have performed that duty under the rules adopted by 
the Board, and award the first premium to No. 16, for the best display of grains and grasses 
in the stalk, and the second premium to No. 9, for the second-best display of grains and 
grasses in the stalk. 

Your Committee, in making their report, desire to state that the following samples are 
deserving of special mention : 

No. 5, for the greatest display in varieties of wheat, containing the finest specimen 
entered, 5 feet in height. 

No. II, for the best display of flax. 

No. 8, for the best display of alfalfa and rye (rye 6 feet 3 inches). 

No. 3, for the best specimen of barley, 3 feet 9 inches. 

William Huffman, Wabaunsee County, for the best specimen of millet, 7 feet in height. 

D. Murphy, of Topeka, for a stool of rye containing 60 stalks. 

A specimen of timothy 4 feet 10 inches in height, grown by Philip Allen, in Delaware 
Township, Jefferson County, on upland. 

A sample of cut blue -grass, from Shawnee County, 47 inches in length. 

Mr. A. T. Stewart, of Winfield, Cowley County, for a very fine specimen of wheat. 

In addition to the above, your Committee desire to commend specially the displays con- 
tained in entries Nos. 3, 5, 6,8, and II. 

T. C. HENRY, Chairman, 
WM. SIMS, 
W. T. HOBLITZELL, 
JOSHUA WHEELER. 

COUNTY ORGANIZATIONS. 

To stimulate friendly emulation, insure impartiality, and make an exhibition representa- 
tive of every part of the State, we determined it should be by counties, each article to be 
credited by label to its proper county, and to its producer or contributor. Circulars were 
addressed to local agricultural societies, proprietors of newspapers, and prominent citizens 
of every occupation, urging the immediate organization of county societies for making the 
collection, and assuming the responsibility of the display by the counties. Forms of con- 
stitution, in blank, were furnished. It was recommended that each county society consist 
of not less than seven members, and that auxiliary boards be established in each town- 
ship. County societies were required to report to the Board once a month, on blanks fur- 
nished. 

To insure against failure, we authorized the county boards to employ for one week, at 
#3 per day, a competent person in each county to collect articles. The responsibility of the 
display for each county was thrown upon the county society, and immediate and vigorous 
effort was urged. The response has not justified expectation. There are but twenty-five 
county boards, some of which have done little or no work. A few have done well, and 
we have received some creditable articles from this source. We submit herewith, for 
guidance in further collections, a copy of instructions given as to the kind, quality, quantity, 
and condition of articles required, with directions for packing ami shipping: 



APPENDIX D. 149 

Office of State Board of Centennial Managers, State action 

TOPEKA, August, 1875. Kansas. 

At a recent meeting of the State Centennial Managers, it was determined : 

First. To make prompt and vigorous efforts to secure, by counties, creditable collections 
for exhibition at the International Exhibition, to be held at Philadelphia in 1876. 

Second. In order to insure efficiency and unity of effort, it was decided to operate 
through County Centennial Boards, when practicable to do so. 

Third. To employ, when in the estimation of the State and County Boards the objects 
sought would be best subserved thereby, one suitable person, for a period of not exceed- 
ing one week, to make collections, at a salary not exceeding $3 per day, inclusive of 
expenses. When it is not practicable for the State Board to send a person for this purpose, 
a selection will be made upon the nomination of the County Board where the work is to be 
performed. The efficiency of county organizations in most cases will probably render this 
expenditure unnecessary. 

It is the policy of the State Managers to secure an exhibition by counties, so that every 
locality may have credit for what it furnishes, and this expenditure is warranted only where 
the local Centennial organizations apply for it in consequence of the apathetic feeling 
existing among the citizens of the county. 

The following is a list of articles called for, and the quantity desired of each : 

grains, grasses, etc., on the stalk. 

Corn. — Five stalks, pulled and retaining the root, grown on upland. Same on bottom- 
land. 

Wheat. — One sheaf of each variety, when it can be procured. In no case should there 
be less than two sheaves from a given county. The collection may or may not include 
winter and spring varieties. Length and brightness of straw, length of heads and plump- 
ness of berry, should all be carefully considered. When the sheaves are taken from the 
stack, pressed into a given shape, let them retain that shape. In other words, do not per-' 
mit the heads to be handled at all. Let the good, bad, and indifferent come just as they 
appear in a sheaf. They will be carefully assorted and arranged here. 

Rye, Barley, Oats. — One sheaf of each. The same rules to be observed as in the case 
of wheat. A goodly proportion of bearded grains are desirable for festooning and other 
ornamentation. 

Timothy, Clover, Blue-Grass, Orchard, Hungarian, Millet, etc. — One bundle of each, 
four inches in diameter. One bundle each of the native grasses. 

Flax, Hemp, and Cotton. — One bundle of flax and hemp three inches in diameter, with 
capsules, or bolls, as perfect as possible. Three stalks of cotton containing bolls in different 
stages. 

Peanuts. — Three stalks from each county. 

Castor Beans. — Two spikes from each county. 

Tobacco. — One hand of each variety grown from each county. 

Broom-Corn. — Two bundles of brush of each variety grown, three inches in diameter. 
One bundle to contain seed, the other to have the seed removed. 

corn in the ear, thrashed grains, and seeds. 

Corn. — Twelve ears each of bottom and upland corn from each county, to include field 
and garden varieties. 

Wheat, Rye, Barley, and Oats.— One-half pint of each from each township, regardless 
of variety. 

Seeds. — Flax-seed, hemp-seed, castor beans, buckwheat, peas, beans, sorghum, broom- 
corn, timothy, clover, millet, Hungarian, orchard-grass, blue-grass, — one-half pint from 
each county. 

Peanuts. — One pint from each county producing the same. 



150 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1S76. 

State action. LINT, FIBRE, AND WOOL. 

Kansas. 

Cotton Lint. — Two ounces from each county. 

Elax and Hemp Fibre. — One pound of each from each county. 

Wool. — One ounce each of long, middle, and fine wool from each county. Let each 
sample be accompanied with the name of the breed to which the sheep belonged from which 
it was taken. The samples can be neatly preserved between leaves of paper until they 
reach the State Centennial Board, when they will be put in proper shape for exhibition. 

MODELS. 

The Board determined to obtain models of extraordinarily fine specimens of fruit and 
vegetable monstrosities, when the specimens can be secured in good condition. The 
specimens must be carefully packed in cotton, straw, hay, rumpled paper, or other suitable 
material, to prevent bruising. 

TIMBER. 

Cross-sections of each kind of native wood from each county, six inches in length. 
Same of artificial wood, two inches in length or thickness. The diameter of both 
native and artificial is immaterial, but large growths preferable. 

BUILDING-STONES. 

One cube, three inches in thickness, of each kind of building-stone, in each county of 
the State. At least one side to be polished when practicable. The com??ion, rough, frag- 
mentary limestone, which is abundant and uniform in nearly every county in the State, 
need not be included. 

COAL. 

One piece of each kind of coal, six inches in thickness, and as nearly cubical in form as 
practicable, from each county. 

GYPSUM. 

One cube, three inches in thickness, from each county. Attractive specimens of crys- 
tallizations are desirable, in addition to the cubes. 

FIRE-CLAY, CEMENT, POTTERS' CLAY, OCHRE, AND MINERAL PAINT. 

One pound each of the clay or stone in the raw or unmanufactured state, from each 
county where it has been discovered. Also, one brick or other manufactured article from 
said clays. Samples of the various colors of mineral paint, mixed in oil, on paper or glass, 
one inch square, are desirable. 

LEAD. 

Specimens both in ore and in smelted form from such counties as can furnish the same. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

It is impossible to enumerate every article that it is desirable to obtain. There are fossils, 
petrifactions, relics, extraordinary growths of timber, curiosities of nature and art, antiqui- 
ties, historical archives, etc., etc. Correspondence is invited concerning anything which 
may be deemed meritorious, and which may not be enumerated in the foregoing schedule. 

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. 

Bottom and Upland. — There seems to be some difficulty, in many counties, in deter- 
mining where the bottom stops and the upland commences, so gradual are the slopes. For 
the present purposes we will define as bottom-land, all " lands between the hills along the 
water-courses," or from the streams up the hill-sides to the cropping-but of limestone forma- 
tions, which are characteristic in most parts of the State. 

Storage. — Some suitable store-room, free from dampness, dust, and mice, should be ob- 
tained, where specimens for the Centennial can be deposited from time to time, and where 
the labeling, packing, and boxing can be conducted. Do not permit the heads of cereals to 
be handled. Fingers are more destructive than mice. 



APPENDIX D. 



151 



Boxing. — The boxes should be very strong, and should completely hide the samples, so State action. 
they cannot be handled. 

Shipping. — Ship by freight in all cases, except where the articles are perishable, inclos- 
ing by mail the shipping receipt to the State Centennial Board, Topeka. 

Labels. — Blank labels, to designate the exact location, name, and post-office address of 
the grower and donor, together with the name of the specimen, will be forwarded to each 
county. 

For further information, address the State Board of Centennial Managers, Topeka. 

ALFRED GRAY, Secretary. 

OTHER AIDS. 

We invited the co-operation of various civic societies and industrial organizations. The 
reverend clergy were asked to devote the Fourth of July to Centennial services. Sermons 
were preached in most of the pulpits in full accord with the nation's spirit of gratitude and 
thanksgiving. 

The Press have given their powerful aid. At their meeting in May, they resolved to 
make their next excursion to Philadelphia, and to hold the annual meeting of " The Kan- 
sas Editorial Association" there on the 4th of next July. 

The ladies are beginning to render valuable assistance, especially the Centennial So- 
cieties of Topeka, Leavenworth, and Atchison. We have assigned to the ladies of Kansas 
the congenial and appropriate work of furnishing and superintending the music, flags, and 
interior decorations for the Kansas Exhibition. The money raised by them for us, unless 
they direct otherwise, will be devoted to those objects. Their patriotism, often manifested 
in early trials, is guarantee that their work will be well done. 

RAILROAD COMPANIES. 

The railroad companies having grants of land were invited to participate. Their interest 
and their successes in similar exhibitions make them desirable auxiliaries. The Atchison, 
Topeka and Santa Fe, and the Missouri River, Fort Scott and Gulf Companies have deter- 
mined to take part. Colonel Alexander S. Johnson, Land Commissioner of the first, and 
General John A. Clark, Land Commissioner of the last-named company, have met with us 
several times, and have already made large and highly creditable collections. The other 
companies, much to our regret, decline to participate. The Kansas Pacific Company have 
kindly offered the use of their collections. It would be gratifying if all the companies would 
exhibit products along their lines of road. No effort on our part has been spared to induce 
them to do so, and we indulge the hope that they will yet reverse their determination, and 
conclude to take part in the Exhibition. 

EDUCATION AND NATURAL HISTORY. 

General John Fraser, Superintendent of Public Instruction, has consented to take charge 
of the Department of Education and Natural History. Prof. Frank H. Snow, of the State 
University, supervises the completion of the collection of specimens in entomology. We 
have employed his students, at a small compensation, to make the collection under his 
directions, his own valuable services being generously donated. Prof. J. H. Carruth has 
been engaged to make the botanical collection. Prof. B. F. Mudge has assisted us in 
geology. The collection in ornithology is in charge of Alfred Gray, Secretary. When 
completed, these collections will fully represent Kansas in their several departments. 

Our Board acts in conjunction with the Board of Agriculture, and receives valuable 
assistance from them in these specialties, as in all our work. The cases and collections 
they have will be available for our use, as are all the facts and statistics in their possession. 

It is to be observed that in no event can the benefits of the expenditure already made, 
or to be made, be lost. Durable articles, whether cases or collections, will remain the per- 
manent property of the State. In the rooms of the Board of Agriculture, after their return 
from Philadelphia, they may become a lasting exposition of the capacities of Kansas. Thus 



152 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



State action. 
Kansas. 



amply reimbursing the State for their cost, they will remain a complete museum, illustrating 
our Agriculture, Horticulture, Pomology, Geology, Entomology, Ornithology, and History, 
as well as a memorial of the " Centennial" of 1876. 

We expect to make exchanges of samples with other States and nations, and the pro- 
ducts we receive in return will be similarly preserved. 

HISTORY. 

The law of March 6, 1875, requires a condensed history of the State for distribution at 
the Exhibition. In preparation of this work we have invited the best help. General D. 
W. Wilder has written upon "General History of Kansas;" Prof. John A. Anderson, 
"Agriculture and Manufactures;" T. Dwight Thacher, Esq., " Railroads and Transporta- 
tion;" General John Fraser, "Education;" Prof. Frank H. Snow, "The Natural History 
of Kansas;" and Prof. B. F. Mudge, "Geology." These able articles have been gener- 
ously donated. 

The State Board of Agriculture have printed them in their report of 1875, our Board 
paying pro rata of the expense. The volume has been electrotyped, with all the maps and 
tables, and the plates are the property of the State. It is so arranged that we can use, with 
out resetting, any of the pages, for the compilation of any smaller work intended for free 
distribution. 

We have requested Kansas publishers to furnish three copies of each newspaper issued 
on or next after the 4th of July, 1875, three copies of January 1, 1876, and three of Jan- 
uary 4, 1876, as specimens to constitute a compendium of newspaper history, and show the 
present status of the art in Kansas ; one file for the Director-General of the International 
Exhibition, one for the Library of Congress, and one for the archives of the State. They 
have complied to a moderate extent, as follows : 



Garnett Weekly Journal, Garnett. 
Garnett Plaindealer, Garnett. 
Atchison Champion (daily and weekly), At- 
chison. 
Sentinel and Pioneer, Fort Scott. 
Brown County Advocate, Hiawatha. 
SoutJiem Kansas Gazette, Augusta. 
Walnut Valley Times, E dorado. 
Chate County Leader, Cottonwood Falls. 
Chase County Courant, Cottonwood Falls. 
Wide Awake, Sedan. 
Columbus Courier, Columbus. 
Burlington Weekly Patriot, Burlington. 
Girard Press, Girard. 
Junction City Union, Junction C'ty. 
Dickinson County Chronicle, Abilene. 
Weekly Kansas Chief, Troy. 
Wathena Reporter, Wathena. 
The Standard of Reform, Lawrence. 
The Evening Standard, Lawrence. 
Hays Sentinel, Hays City. 
Ellsworth Reporter, Ellsworth. 
The Holton Recorder and Express, Holton. 



Lincoln County Patriot, Lincoln Centre. 

Southern Kansas Advance, Chetopa. 

The Neosho County Journal, Osage Mission. 

Osage County Chronicle, Burlingame. 

The Headlight, Thayer. 

The Osage City Free Press, Osage City. 

Seneca Coio-ier, Seneca. 

The Beloit Gazette, Beloit. 

Newton Kausan, Newton. 

The Emporia Ledger, Emporia. 

Linn County Enterprise, Mound City. 

Emporia Real Estate Register, Emporia. 

Kansas Reporter, Louisville. 

Wamego Blade, Wamego. 

The Hutchinson News, Hutchinson. 

The Kansas Central Journal, Salina. 

Farmers' 1 Advocate, Salina. 

Russell ; ounty Record, Russell. 

The Smith County Pioneer, Smith Centre. 

The Wyandotte Herald, Wyandotte. 

Wabaunsee County News, Alma. 

The Commonzuealth daily and weekly), 

Topeka. 
The Topeka Times, Topeka. 

We hope 



The Kansas New Era, Valley Falls. 

The collection, when completed, will constitute a feature of the Exhibition 
to receive files of all the journals in the State. 

The Secretary of the National Commission suggests that in each county the proper person 
shall be selected by the county board or other authority, who, on next Fourth of July, shall 



APPENDIX D. 



153 



deliver at the county seat an address, which shall be a synopsis of the history of the county. State action, 
We heartily concur in the suggestion. In populous and older counties a similar ceremony Kansas- 
should be held by others in the large towns and townships, and thus a history in detail 
would be secured. These addresses should be printed in uniform size and style for bind- 
ing, and a copy of each should be preserved in the county archives, a copy should be sent 
to the Congressional Library, a copy to the National Centennial Commission, and a copy 
to this Board. As care and labor will be required in the preparation, the parties to deliver 
the addresses should soon be selected. 

It is to be hoped, also, that publishers will devote the Fourth of July issue of their 
papers to the history, as they have done the January to the resources, of their several 
counties. 

SUPERINTENDENT, ETC. 

County organizations falling short of expectation, we employed Mr. Henry Worrall, of 
Topeka, to assist in preparing for the Exhibition. He has visited portions of the State, 
making collections, and is now engaged, with the necessary assistants, preparing articles 
already collected. We have rented a building, as nearly fire -proof as we could get, for 
assorting and storing products. 

A SEPARATE BUILDING. 

We doubted the possibility of making a captivating representation in the general build- 
ings. By their classification, our products must be grouped with their kind from larger 
States and nations. However superior in quality, they might be swallowed up in the larger 
display of wealthier nations. Our success in inter- State contests heretofore has arisen from 
a genius for arrangement and ornamentation, as well as from the merit of our products. 

We directed our President, accompanied by the Vice-President, to visit Philadelphia 
and secure the privilege of arranging our display in our own way. Failing in this, they 
obtained permission to erect a Kansas building, and selected a site. Ours was the first 
application. Thirteen States have since selected locations, and are preparing to erect 
similar buildings. Mr. E. T. Carr, of Leavenworth, architect, has generously furnished 
plans and estimates for the Kansas building, free of charge. The building proper will cost 
about $8000. It is safe to add $2000 more for fitting up its interior, and providing gas, 
water, and drainage. The two railroad companies participating with us propose to bear a 
part of this expense, proportionate to the space they will occupy. At the close, its sale will 
cover some portion of its cost. 

The building is designed in the shape of a Greek cross. Its plan, elevation, and other 
details are submitted herewith. 

Inasmuch as the Exhibition grounds are two and a half miles frcm the central portions 
of Philadelphia, and will be closed at night, the necessity of a " down-town office" has 
received seme consideration. It would be city headquarters for the State Commission, or 
such of them as shall be on duty, and also for all Kansas visitors. Exhibitors, and others 
having business with the Commission, or desiring information, would know where to go at 
any and all hours. All desirable information as to hotel and boarding-house accommoda- 
tions could also be sought and imparted, — necessarily a convenience in a crowded city. 

We have gone only to the extent of devising the plan, and lithographing and selecting 
the site for the building. We had been led to believe, and have given it to be understood, 
that the plans here indicated would be carried out. They were laid frankly before the 
Centennial Committee of the last Legislature, and the appropriation was then made on the 
basis of the necessity of the further expenditure that would be required. That appropri- 
ation, thus made, was an encouragement to go on with the plan proposed. We have, 
therefore, neglected to apply for space in the general buildings within the time limited. 

We feel assured the project of a separate building will meet the approval of the law- 
making power. It will enable Kansas to preserve her identity, indulge her individuality, 
enlighten public judgment, and secure success. In our own building we can group and 



154 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. blend the products of nature and art for scenic effect; the interior ornamentations, adding 
Kansas. effect to the merit of the collections, will excite universal comment, and make the Kansas 

headquarters a place to be sought and admired. The music and flags, to be furnished by 
the ladies, can there be used with advantage. 

Maps, large and small, should illustrate the counties to which the products are to be 
credited, and should indicate the route thereto. 

An immigration pamphlet on Kansas should be on hand for free distribution in large 
quantities ; it should be prepared with care, and published in more languages than our own. 
The supply of these should be equal to the demand; it would be made up from maps and 
data already electrotyped, the plates of which are owned by the State. We have made 
estimates for such a pamphlet, and its cost would be comparatively small. 

To carry out these plans to the best advantage, an early appropriation is desirable. It 
will be necessary to enter with renewed energy upon the completion of our collections for 
those counties that have disappointed us. The right men should be put in the field, at fair 
wages. The display has to be planned to correspond with the space, and this cannot be 
done until we know from the amount of the appropriation what the character of our exhi- 
bition is to be. As the Exhibition opens on the 10th of May, the building should be ready 
for the reception of goods by the 1st of April. 

Two Legislatures having favored an exhibition by Kansas, an elaborate presentation of 
the advantages to be derived may be dispensed with. A brief summary may be indulged. 

THE MAGNITUDE OF THE EXHIBITION. 

Opening at Philadelphia the 10th of May, and ending on the 10th of November, 
1876, the "International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and 
Mine," will illustrate the growth of our industries, and constitute a memorial to the founders 
of our prosperity. The first World's Fair held under the auspices of the Government, it 
will be the largest ever known. Improved facilities of advertising and travel, railroads, 
steamships, telegraph, daily post, and daily press insure this result. The leading nations 
of the civilized world, numbering thirty-seven, have accepted the invitation of our Govern- 
ment. Eleven are erecting buildings — seventeen buildings — on the grounds. And best 
augury of all, while Kansas was first to select a location, England was first to break ground 
for three offices in sight of Independence Hall. It is estimated that two hundred buildings 
will be erected by nations and societies within the inclosure. Fairmount Park, the place 
selected, contains over 3000 acres, and is the largest in the world. Of this, 236 acres are 
inclosed for the purpose. About 60 acres of buildings, the largest and most suitable ever 
devoted to such purpose, are nearly completed, at a cost of about $5,000,000. The total 
preparations make about $8,000,000. Railroads, street-cars, boarding-houses, hotels, and 
other accommodations are provided on the same extensive scale. 

Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, city, State, and citizens, have furnished ninety per cent, 
of the fund, — Kansas and the Government no part of it. Congress authorized an issue of 
$10,000,000 stock, in shares of $10. The Board of Finance apportioned, on the basis of 
26 cents to the individual, according to the census of 1870. They assigned to Kansas 
$94,500. The "crisis" came, and later calamities; and the stock plan, as to Kansas, 
was abandoned. An appeal was then made to Congress for $3,000,000. That body was 
content with providing for engraving the stock, coining the medals, admitting goods for 
exhibition free of duty, and appropriating $505,000 for a special departmental display. The 
National Commission now ask of Congress $1,500,000. Most of the members recently 
visited the buildings in a body, and have seen how economically they have been erected. 
We have felt that the plighted hospitality and honor of the Government is at stake; that the 
nation cannot, without shame, leave it to Philadelphia to entertain the guests she has invited 
to her birthday feast, sitting herself a guest where she should be hostess. It is a meagre 
sum, in view of the great events to be celebrated, and we have requested our delegation in 
Congress to vote the appropriation. Should it fail, the Exhibition will still go on. The 



APPENDIX D. 



155 



spirit of '76 burns brightly in Philadelphia. The Quakers, whose money restored the State action 
broken and scattered army of Washington in the darkest night of the Revolution, are still ansas - 
alive in their sons. Money will be forthcoming, and Philadelphia, after one hundred years, 
will prove her right to have been the cradle of Liberty and the birthplace of the Nation. 

THE PRACTICAL MEANING OF THE EXHIBITION. 

The Exhibition has its practical meaning for all. It is an industrial school of the 
world, where nations are patrons, and master-spirits of all time are teachers. Kansas will 
share alike with others in benefits derived from industries quickened, invention stimulated, 
skill excited by rivalry, and art trained by the highest models. 

For us of the West the Exhibition has its highest practical value in the opportunity for 
securing immigration. It will be an open mart by the sea where the populations of the 
world will assemble and look for our products in proof of the boasted fertility of our soil. 
Our nation was guest of England, France, and Austria. Our people traveling abroad have 
told marvelous stories of the productiveness of the West. Our foreign-born citizens have 
sent back to the old firesides letters filled with praises of the new home. Old friends will 
come from beyond the ocean to see for themselves the practical proofs. 

Added to the interest of the Exhibition, circumstances conspire to swell the number of 
foreign visitors. The financial " crisis" has reached and unsettled Europe, and made cheap 
lands desirable. There are apprehensions, too, among the masses, of a general war, with 
its shrinkage of values and dangers of impressment. The immigration, therefore, which 
had fallen off one-half, and some of which had left our shores, will be rapidly returning. 
The Exhibition will bring thousands, the advance guard of millions to follow. 

Kansas needs all the advantages of a successful display. Remote from the money- 
centres, the crash of the "panic" came, sweeping away our values, checking our immigra- 
tion, and leaving us our lands and our debts. The devastation of the locust was an acci- 
dental and passing shadow. Our wealth of soil and climate has been reasserted in abundant 
harvests, but the depression still rests like a blight on the price of real estate. Immigra- 
tion has halted, and investments have measurably ceased. The bountiful harvest of Eastern 
money, growing out of the sale of lots and lands, and which for twenty years has furnished 
our best revenue, is no longer ours. ' 

With a liberal hand, and an enterprise that never hesitated at the cost, in our infancy 
and our poverty we have laid broad and wide and deep the foundations of a State that 
should be at the same time old and wealthy. We cannot make it old, — we can make it 
populous and rich. 

In the struggle for dominion over Nature, our railroads have outrun wagon-roads. 
Bridges have led the van of travel. School-houses have pioneered settlements. In a 
worthy ambition to carve out a State full-grown, we have spread over the prairie churches, 
school-houses, universities, colleges, normal schools, asylums, court-houses, State-house, 
and all the accommodations of a Commonwealth with 2,000,000 of inhabitants, and yet the 
expense is borne by 528,437 people. It is not surprising that we are in debt. We have 
debts of State, counties, cities, towns, townships, school districts, railroad companies, and 
other corporations. 

The question presents itself whether the present population, with its slow natural increase, 
shall carry this indebtedness, or whether an effort shall be made to multiply our wealth and 
population through immigration. It is not the part of wisdom to stand still. The settle- 
ment of the State will proportionately reduce taxes, will diminish, by dividing among others, 
the expenses of schools, churches, etc.. and will lessen railroad rates by increase of busi- 
ness. The pressing want of Kansas to-day is men and money. A vigorous immigration 
movement at the "Centennial" will secure both. 

Within the boundaries of our State there are 52,043,520 acres of land, of which but 
4,749,900 acres are cultivated. The uncultivated portion is larger than all the six New Eng- 



j 5 6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. land States, — 47,293,620 acres of mere blank prairie. It is the largest body of good lands 



Kansas 



offered by any State. On the west, the mineral region, covering nearly half the continent, 
insures an enlarging market. On the east are high-priced lands of older States. Our lands 
have access to the ports of the Gulf by rail, and by the great river on our eastern border. 
They make up a central State, already interlaced with railroads. Midway between the 
oceans, and between the Lakes and the Gulf, they are the natural centre and seat of polit- 
ical and social empire. Kansas has already led the way to great changes in the structure 
of the Government. With increased population in prospect, and yet other railroads pro- 
jected in all directions, these lands of Kansas become the last best offer in the market. 
Millions of dollars' worth of them should be sold next summer, and the way prepared for 
the sale of millions more. 

If to rapid sales of lands we can add wealth and skilled industry, to erect manufac- 
tures in our prostrate cities, towns, and villages, our State will enter a new career of pros- 
perity. Money will cease to go from us in tribute to Eastern manufacturers; cur agricul- 
ture will revive with home markets ; the profits of the producer will no longer be wasted 
in paying heavy freights over long railroads ; the transportation problem will be solved ; 
towns will revive ; new settlements be made ; new fields be opened ; labor will be in de- 
mand ; property will have its value ; debts will be lessened by being divided ; the despond- 
ent will take heart; the heroic and undaunted builders of a State will lead on to new 
enterprises, and the glad day of returning prosperity will have dawned. We have cheap 
breadstuffs and a market for manufactured goods ; we have reached the period when manu- 
facturing can profitably begin. The " Centennial" will afford opportunity to enlist men 
and money. 

It is not for us to say on how liberal a scale our Exhibition shall be conducted. We 
have indicated our views as briefly as possible. We believe the more we expend the more 
will be returned in dollars and cents. It has been estimated that each settler adds about 
$1000 to the wealth of the State. One-twentieth of a cent added to the value of each 
acre of land in Kansas would be $26,021. We are not disposed to estimate the number of 
immigrants to be secured and the amount of wealth to be added. We merely indicate the 
basis of the calculation to show the least hopeful that an exhibition will prove a safe in- 
vestment. In years of misfortune the State, with parental care, has provided seed for the 
sower in some new and suffering counties. The donation was answered in abundant 
harvests. With like hope of profitable results for every portion of the State, we may con- 
fidently say that now is the seed-time for a bountiful harvest of men and money. Kansas, 
to date, has appropriated but $5000 to her Bureau of Immigration. What has been with- 
held with doubtful propriety can now be given with better effect and with a more liberal 
hand. Other Western States and Territories, bordering and surrounding us, will be in the 
field with their Bureaus of Immigration, their maps and pamphlets, their products of every 
kind, and their offers of cheap lands. They are making extensive preparations for the 
Exhibition. Whether we shall surpass them in our display depends on the action of our 
Legislature. 

CONCLUSION. 

There is a view of this case above paltry dollars and cents. But of its patriotic consid- 
erations we have no need to speak. They speak for themselves. The Declaration of 
Independence and the birth of the nation — twins of one cradle — speak with the emphasis 
of a hundred years. Kansans need no invocation of holy memories to prompt to duty. 
Devotion to a heroic ancestry springs spontaneous here. The spirit and the love of liberty 
are native to the air. They have descended with it as an inheritance. The hand which 
penned the great Declaration rescued Kansas from a foreign flag and gave us here the 
treaty-right by which we salute our own, on soil then French but now American. Originally 
part of the Louisiana purchase, Kansas, in her vital air and life, partakes of the spirit 
breathed into that charter of human rights by the great apostle of liberty. And so, when 



APPENDIX D. 



157 



ate action. 



her political existence began, and Kansas must choose between Freedom and Slavery, spurning St 
all blandishments and intimidations, she boldly chose Freedom. The struggle of that choice Kansas 
was not unknown to the world. It widened until, amid the shackles of four millions of 
slaves, it secured to liberty a larger meaning, and to humanity a higher future. Henceforth, 
in the light of our interpretation, liberty is no longer for a race alone, but for all mankind. 
Kansas, daughter of Jefferson, gave to freedom its new and better birth. And she of all 
should meet her sister States at the family altar — freedom's own shrine — and shake hands 
with the descendants of Washington and Jefferson over an emancipated country ; and with 
the representatives of all the world over a now recognized universal brotherhood. Make 
her not a mere guest at the banquet. Let her be a priestess of liberty that she is, flinging 
a banner out in the " eternal blazon" over her own castle, and dispensing the blessings and 
hospitalities of her own household. 

We have presented the case not for ourselves but for the State. Our personal interests 
in this great event are only those of the humblest citizen. We have entered, not of our- 
selves but by solicitation, upon a great but to us a thankless work. And now, having 
assumed high trusts, involving the honor, the patriotic pride, and, to a large extent, as we 
believe, the financial redemption of the State, we could not be silent nor say less while the 
opportunity passes forever in which duty demanded we should speak. 

We are content to leave the future of the Exhibition in the hands of the Governor and 
the Legislature. 

Plans, estimates, and other matters of detail are in readiness, and will be communicated 
to the Legislature in such manner as they may indicate. 

GEO. T. ANTHONY, A. J. NORTH, 

EDGAR W. DENNIS, D. J. EVANS, 
ALFRED GRAY, GEORGE A. CRAWFORD, 

JOHN A. MARTIN, 

State Centennial Managers. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF KANSAS. 

Approved March I, 1876. 

An Act to enlarge and further define the duties of the State Board of Centennial Managers, 

and to provide for defraying the expenses of a* Kansas Exhibition at Philadelphia, A.D. 

1876, being sttpplementary to chapter 44 of the laws of 1874, and chapter 68 of the laws 

of 1875. 

Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas : 

Section i. That the Governor is hereby empowered to increase the State Board of 
Centennial Managers by the appointment of four persons as members of said Board, in 
addition to the five members provided for in section I of chapter 44 of the laws of 1874. 

Sec. 2. The State Board of Centennial Managers are hereby authorized to erect a 
Kansas State Exhibition building in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, in the State of Penn- 
sylvania, at a cost not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000), in which they shall make 
a thorough and attractive exhibition of the natural and artificial wealth, capabilities, and 
advantages of the State, as contemplated in chapter 68 of the session laws of 1875, includ- 
ing the educational and charitable institutions of the State, and such other interests of the 
State as said Board shall deem advisable to present at said Exhibition ; Provided, that a 
majority of the new Board, when organized, shall decide on a plan to be adopted for 
building. 

Sec. 3. The said Managers shall dispose of the Exhibition buiMing to the best advan- 
tage of the State, and the proceeds thereof shall be paid into the treasury of the State of 
Kansas, after making payment pro rata to such associations or corporations as shall have 
contributed to the construction of said building 



!58 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. Sec. 4. The Managers are hereby authorized and required to exchange with other States 



Kansas 



and nations duplicate specimens, when practicable, and add such articles as may thus be 
received in exchange to the original collections from this State, all of which, at the close of 
the Exhibition, shall be returned by said Managers to the agricultural rooms in the State- 
house at Topeka, this to constitute a museum and be preserved as the property of the Slate. 

Sec. 5. Said State Board of Centennial Managers shall have power to make all neces- 
sary contracts, and procure necessary assistance in the name of the State, for the purpose 
of carrying out the provisions of this Act ; but in no case to incur liability beyond, or in 
excess, of the appropriation herein provided. 

Sec. 6. The Treasurer of said Board of Managers shall give bond, as other State officers 
receiving and disbursing moneys, in the penal sum of thirty thousand dollars, with good 
and sufficient security, to be approved by the Governor and by the President and Secretary 
of the Board, said bond to be conditional that said Treasurer will honestly, faithfully, and 
fully account for all moneys which may come into his hands by virtue of his said office, in 
accordance with the provisions of this Act, and the orders of said Board of Managers ; said 
bond shall be given in duplicate, one copy to be filed with the Secretary of the Board, and 
the other deposited with the Secretary of State. It is hereby made the duty of the State 
Auditor to see that said bond is given and filed and approved before any moneys are 
drawn by the Board under the provisions of this Act. 

Sec. 7. The said Board of Managers shall not audit or pay any accounts, claims, or 
demands against them, except upon itemized statements verified by the oath of the person 
to whom payment may be due, and for the purpose of such verification the Secretary of the 
Board is hereby authorized to administer oaths. The Treasurer of said Board shall not pay 
out any moneys except upon orders signed by the President of the Board, and counter- 
signed and approved by the Secretary. 

Sec. 8. Twenty-five thousand dollars, or so much thereof as- may be necessary, are 
hereby appropriated out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated to carry 
out the provisions of this Act, to be paid by the Treasurer of the State on warrants drawn 
by the State Auditor ; but the Aud.tor shall not issue his warrant for any money appro- 
priated by this Act except upon the filing in his office of a requisition by the State Board 
of Centennial Managers, signed by the President and Secretary of said Board. Upon the 
filing of said requisition the Auditor shall issue his warrant for the sum named in the 
requisition in favor of the Treasurer of said Board. The money shall thus be drawn from 
time to time only in such sums as will be necessary to meet the current and necessary 
expenses and disbursements of the Board, and all moneys not required as herein provided 
shall be returned to the treasury. 

Sec. 9. Any five members of such Board, at any meeting regularly called after said 
Board shall have been organized, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. 

Sec. 10. No compensation shall be allowed or paid to any member of the Board for 
personal services, beyond a reimbursement of actual expenses incurred in the performance 
of duties imposed by law. 

Provided, That no more than three thousand dollars of the amount herein appropriated 
shall be expended for expenses of the members of the said Board in attending the Exhibi- 
tion, including transportation to and from Philadelphia, from the opening to the close of 
the same. 

Sec. 11. The said Board of Managers shall make to the Governor a full and detailed 
report of their proceedings under the provisions of this Act, said report to be submitted by 
the Governor to the Legislature at its next session, and shall be also published with the 
report of the State Board of Agriculture for 1876. 

Sec. 12. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its publication in the 
Daily ( 'ommomi'calth. 

Approved March •, 1876. 



APPENDIX D. I59 

KENTUCKY. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JAMES B. McCREARY. 

December 31, 1875. 

The one hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence is to be celebrated 
in the City of Philadelphia, by the holding of a Grand International Exhibition for the dis- 
play of our arts, products, minerals, manufactures, live-stock, etc. 

The indications at present are, that it will be an event that will always be remembered 
in the history of our Republic, and that in grandeur of display, magnificence of arrange- 
ment, and in the multitudes that will assemble, it will equal, and perhaps surpass, any 
similar Exhibition ever held in the world. 

In addition to its being an occasion where, by the display of our most valuable interests, 
we may attract the attention and command the admiration of all the civilized powers of the 
earth, it will also furnish a grand opportunity for men of every section of our common 
country to come together in fraternity and friendship, and, forgetful of the sorrows and 
struggles of the past, pledge anew their devotion to Liberty, Free Government, and Equal 
Rights. 

The reception of articles for the Exhibition begins January 5, and ends April 19, 1876; 
and the Exhibition will be opened May 10, and continue every day, Sundays excepted, until 
November 10, 1876. 

The articles to be exhibited have been classified in seven different departments, as fol- 
lows : Mining and Metallurgy, Agriculture, Manufactures, Education and Science, Art, 
Machinery, and Horticulture. In addition to these, the Women's Centennial Executive 
Committee have raised thirty thousand dollars for the erection of a pavilion, in which to 
exhibit every kind of women's work, and arrangements have also been made upon a large 
scale for a live-stock exhibition. 

The foreign Governments which have formally agreed to take part in this International 
Exhibition, and appointed Commissions to superintend the exhibition of their citizens, are 
Germany, France, Great Britain, Spain, Sweden, Persia, China, Egypt, Ecuador, Denmark, 
Japan, Chili, Brazil, Bolivia, Belgium, Turkey, Mexico, the Argentine Confederation, and 
sixteen other smaller powers not necessary to mention, comprising almost every Government 
in Europe, South America, and some of the more distant Eastern powers. 

Advisory State Boards, charged with representation of their respective Commonwealths 
and their citizens in the Exhibition, have been officially formed in thirty-three States of this 
Union and six Territories, and offices and headquarters of considerable architectural beauty 
have been constructed by Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Virginia, West 
Virginia, Delaware, Connecticut, Michigan, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, New 
Hampshire, Kansas, Nevada, Wisconsin, and Iowa. Thirteen States have appropriate! 
money, ranging from five thousand up to one million and a half of dollars, to aid in the 
display of their articles, and other States have appropriated smaller sums. 

Kentuckians will naturally ask, What has Kentucky done toward being represented at 
this grand gathering of the States of our Republic and of the civilized nations of the 
world ? I answer, She has done virtually nothing. In the list of thirty-three States that 
have appointed Advisory Boards, the name of Kentucky does not appear. In the long list 
of States which have erected buildings on the Centennial grounds, or which have appropri- 
ated money for the collection and display of articles, Kentucky's name is not found. 

When the Act of Congress which provided for " celebrating the one hundredth anni- 
versary of American independence, by holding an International Exhibition," was passed, it 
authorized the creation of the United States Centennial Commission, and directed that this 
body should be composed of two Commissioners from each State and Territory, nominated 
by the respective Governors, and commissioned by the President of the United States. 
These two Commissioners were appointed in Kentucky, and that is all that has been done. 



State action. 
Kentucky. 



j6o INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. There being no meeting of the General Assembly of our State last winter, the legislative 



Kentucky. 



department of Kentucky has had no opportunity to consider this Exhibition since it was 
established on a firth basis. 

The estimate that the world at large will form of the several States of our confederation 
will largely depend on the display made by them at this, our first National Exhibition. 
Shall Kentucky fail to take her proper place there, where all the nationalities of the world 
will be brought face to face? Shall she fail to advertise on this world-wide stage her arts, 
products, minerals, and manufactures ? Have Kentuckians no desire to encourage immi- 
gration and attract capital to our State by displaying our attractions there ? 

Are our inexhaustible and varied minerals more profitable where they lie hidden in the 
depths of the earth than if brought forth by sturdy laborers to build railroads, found indus- 
tries, and expand our commerce and wealth ? Are our vacant, unoccupied lands more 
profitable in their pristine loveliness, and our fertile fields more valuable while half tilled, 
• than if they were peopled with thousands of thrifty immigrants, who would flock hither if 
they appreciated the natural advantages of our Commonwealth ? Are we ashamed of our 
unequaled products, such as tobacco, hemp, corn, wheat, and rye, or of our magnificent 
horses and cattle, hogs' and sheep, that we should decline to participate in this Exhibition? 
These are questions for you who constitute the legislative department of this State to 
answer. I recommend that you promptly make such enactments as will cause our Com- 
monwealth to be fully represented at the Centennial Exhibition, and that you make such 
an appropriation of money, to be used for the display of Kentucky's arts, products, min- 
erals, manufactures, and live-stock, as in your wisdom you may deem proper. 



JOINT RESOLUTIONS OF THE LEGISLATURE OF KENTUCKY. 

Approved February 17, 1876. 
Resolved by the General Assembly of the Commomvealth of Kenhicky, That the Gov- 
ernor is hereby authorized, to appoint ten Commissioners, — one from each Congressional 
District, — who shall serve without cost to the State. N. S. Shaler, the Governor, and said 
Commissioners shall constitute the Kentucky Centennial Board, which is authorized to take 
such steps and do all such things as to them shall seem proper for securing at the Centen- 
nial Exhibition at Philadelphia a clue representation, by specimens, publications, and other- 
wise, of the natural resources of the Commonwealth, — especially in timber, coal, lead, iron, 
and other mineral wealth, — and of such other things as may, in their judgment, illustrate 
the resources of the Commonwealth, developed and undeveloped, or promote its interest, 
and to expend at their discretion for such purpose such sums as may be required, not ex- 
ceeding in the aggregate five thousand dollars, which sum is hereby appropriated, and such 
sum or sums shall be allowed and paid out of the treasury on warrant drawn by the Governor 
or order of said Board at such time or times as shall to said Board seem expedient, not 
exceeding the amount appropriated. 

W. J. STONE, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
JOHN C. UNDERWOOD, Speaker of the Senate. 
Approved February 17, 1876. 

JAMES B. McCREARY. ' 

By the Governor: J. STODDARD JOHNSON, Secretary of State. 

Commonwealth of Kentucky, 
Office of Secretary of State. 

I, J. Stoddard Johnson, Secretary of State, certify that the foregoing is a true copy from 
the original enrolled resolution, entitled 



APPENDIX D. !6i 

"No. 31. "~tate ac ion. 

Joint Resolution appropriating five thousand dollars for Centennial purpDses." Kentucky. 

On file in my office. 

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of 
[Seal.] my office, at Frankfort, Kentucky, this 18th day of December, 1876, and in 

the 85th year of the Commonwealth. 

J. STODDARD JOHNSON, Secretary of State. 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JAMES B. McCREARY. 

State of Kentucky, Executive Department, February 25, 1876. 
Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Representatives : 

In accordance with a resolution adopted by the General Assembly, and approved Feb- 
ruary 15, 1876, I appointed ten Commissioners, who, together with the State Geologist and 
myself, constitute the Kentucky Centennial Board. 

A meeting of this Board was held at the Executive office on Thursday, February 24, 
1876, "to take such steps and do such things as seemed proper for securing, at the Centen- 
nial Exhibition at Philadelphia, a due representation, by specimens, publication, and other- 
wise, of the natural resources of the Commonwealth, especially in timber, coal, lead, iron, 
and other mineral wealth, and of such other things as illustrate the resources of the 
Commonwealth, developed and undeveloped, or promote its interest." After careful con- 
sideration of their important duties, the Commissioners presented to me the following com- 
munication, with the request that I present it to the General Assembly of Kentucky : 

Frankfort, Kentucky, February 24, 1876. 
To his Excellency the Governor of Kentucky : 

The undersigned Commissioners, appointed by your Excellency to have duly represented 
in the Centennial Exhibition of Philadelphia the mineral, agricultural, and mechanical 
interests of the State, as provided for by the Joint Resolution of the Legislature under which 
we hold our appointment, beg leave to respectfully represent, that, after duly considering 
the subject, we are forced to the conclusion that the sum appropriated is insufficient for the 
accomplishment of the object contemplated in that efficient manner which the people of the 
State have a right to anticipate. Since assembling here to-day, we learn from authoritative 
source that the space available in the buildings of the Exhibition is so limited as t > render 
it impossible that our minerals alone can be properly exposed, leaving out all other objects 
of general interest which the State can so richly supply. The grounds selected for the 
Exhibition are not yet fully occupied ; but to open up our specimens nd productions with- 
out the protection of shelter would be inexpedient, and result in lamentable disappointment. 

We do not perceive how we can meet the expectations of the Legislature without the 
means are afforded us of erecting a building in which our display can be made, and are 
assured that this can be accomplished without any serious draft upon our treasury. With 
five thousand dollars ($5000) additional appropriation, we have positive assurance that our 
part in that grand national gathering can be made respectable and of enduring advantage 
to the State. 

We possess, in very rich abundance, a great variety of minerals which will be duly 
appreciated by the intelligence of foreign Governments as well as our people. Our agricul- 
tural productions are of a character to excite deep interest in all people of every clime, and 
our mechanical skill will attract attention from all observers; and all that is needed to make 
this display very valuable to Kentucky is the means to fairly lay them before the world. 
The building would be used for that purpose primarily, but is very essential as a kind of 
headquarters for Kentuckians. 



1 62 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. If your Excellency concurs with us in the suggestions presented, we respectfully ask 

Kentucky. t j aat you wi i^ by message, present this communication to the Legislature, with such urgency 

of recommendation as may seem to be demanded by its importance. 

If favorably viewed by that honorable body, we trust that we shall be speedily allowed 

to carry forward a measure which we feel fully assured will result to the great interest of 

the State. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servants, 
W. B. MACHEN, WILLIAM WARFIELD, 

CLINTON GRIFFITH, JENNINGS PRICE, 
E. C. HOBSON, JOHN DISHMAN, 

J. C. HUGHES, FRANCIS L. CLEVELAND, 

Commissioners. 

This memorial coming, as it does, from a Board of Commissioners representing every 
section of the Commonwealth and almost every industry and profession, is sufficient with- 
out any comment from me; yet the importance of the subject and the great interests involved 
induce me to add something to what I have said in a former message. 

You have already declared that Kentucky shall be represented in the Centennial Exhibi- 
tion. If represented at all, it should be in a way commensurate with the wealth, resources, 
and greatness of our State. A meagre representation is, perhaps, worse than no representa- 
tion. States are vying with each other in generous rivalry in their efforts to help this 
International Exhibition in which the arts, products, minerals, manufactures, and live-stock 
of the world will be represented. The indications at present are that it will be an event 
that will be forever remembered in the history of this Republic, and that in magnificence 
of arrangement, grandeur of display, and the multitude in attendance, it will surpass any 
similar Exhibition ever held. 

Nearly all the civilized powers of the earth have, through the proper authorities, agreed 
to take part in this Exhibition, and many of them have sent their own skilled mechanics to 
erect suitable buildings. Headquarters of considerable architectural beauty, and commo- 
dious exhibitory buildings, have been erected by seventeen States of this Union, and almost 
every State and Territory will participate. 

The estimate that the guests of the nation, as well as citizens of our sister States, will 
form of Kentucky will largely depend on the display made by us at this our first National 
Exhibition. The space allowed Kentucky in the Centennial buildings already erected is 
entirely inadequate to the necessities of our State; and if anything like a proper and 
creditable display is made, we must increase the space at our own expense, as many other 
States have done. 

The Commissioners from each of the Congressional Districts of the Commonwealth, 
defraying their own expenses, have come to the capital, — many of them from distant homes, 
— and, actuated by a sense of duty and devotion to their State, ask you to increase the 
appropriation. 

The question presented is one of business, and not of passion or pleasure. Plainly, it 
is : Shall Kentucky take her proper position when all the States of the Union and all the 
nationalities of the world are brought face to face, by advertising in a proper way, on this 
world-wide stage, her greatness and attractions ? 

Our State is able, from her abundance, to spare the amount asked for; and, aside from 
the capital that might be attracted by a proper display, and the sturdy immigrants who thus 
might be drawn here to build railroads, found industries, and expand our commerce and 
wealth, it is our duty, if Kentucky participates at all in this grand international display, to 
make such participation worthy of our people, our past history, and our future hopes. 

JAMES B. McCREARY, Governor of Kentucky. 



APPENDIX D. 



163 



LOUISIANA. State actio* 

Louisiana. 

SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM P. KELLOGG. 

State of Louisiana, Executive Department, 
New Orleans, January 19, 1874. 
To the Honorable Speaker and Members of the House of Representatives: 

On the third of March, 187 1, Congress passed an Act to provide for celebrating the One 
Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence by holding an International Exhibi- 
tion of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, 
in the year 1876. The Act provided for the appointment of a Commissioner and an Alter- 
nate Commissioner from each State and Territory, to constitute a commission, which was 
required to hold its meetings in the City of Philadelphia, and to report to Congress a plan 
for carrying out the object of the Act. 

Preliminary measures have been already adopted for the purpose. 

It is recommended by the Centennial Commission that each State and Territory appoint 
a Board of Managers, not exceeding five in number, for the purpose of securing a thorough 
representation of the products of industry of their respective States and Territories. I refer 
this recommendation to you, asking that you give the subject favorable consideration. It is 
not proposed that the members of the State Board shall receive compensation. Gentlemen 
will doubtless be found ready to undertake the duties in the interests of the State without 
salary. A small appropriation may, however, be needed for the services of a clerk and 
other incidental expenses. The amount necessary will be inconsiderable, and will be 
needed for two years only, from the Fourth of July next. 

WILLIAM P. KELLOGG, Governor. 



JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF LOUISIANA. 
Approved March 21, 1874. 

Whereas, An Act of Congress, approved March 3, 187 1, provided for the National 
Celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States 
by holding an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and the Mine ; 
and 

Whereas, The President, by a proclamation issued July 4, 1873, announced the Cele- 
bration and International Exhibition, and commended them to the people of the United 
States and of all nations ; and 

Whereas, The United States Centennial Commission, a body created and its members 
appointed by the President under provisions of Act of Congress above referred to, in 
providing for an efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Exhibition, and in order 
to organize a uniform system throughout the United States, has placed upon Centennial 
Boards of Managers to be established by the States respectively the responsibility of secur- 
ing full representation of the products and resources of their States in the Exhibition ; of 
disseminating information about it, and issuing invitations to participate ; of receiving and 
pronouncing upon applications made for space ; of apportioning the space placed at their 
disposal among the exhibitors from their States ; and of supervising such other details relating 
to the representation of their States respectively as may be from time to time delegated to 
them by the United States Centennial Commission ; therefore, 

Section I. Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of 
Louisiana in General Assembly convened : 

That the Governor shall appoint three citizens of the State, who shall, with the United 



^4 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action States Centennial Commissioner and Alternate for Louisiana, constitute the State Centen- 
nial Board of Managers, whose functions shall continue until the close of the Centennial 
Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1 876. It shall be the duty of the said Board of Managers 
to take such action as will secure a full and thorough representation of the resources and 
products at the Exhibition, and perform such other duties relating to the representation of 
the citizens of the State in the Exhibition as may from time to time be delegated to it by the 
United States Centennial Commission; Provided, that nothing in this Act contained shall 
be so construed as to render the State liable for any pay or expenses for said Commissioners 
or any persons employed by them. 

(Signed) CHARLES W. LOWELL, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

(Signed) C. C. ANTOINE, Lieutenant-Governor and Preside?it of the Senate 

Approved March 21, 1874. 

(Signed) WILLIAM P. KELLOGG, Governor of the State of Louisiana. 

State of Louisiana, Office of the Secretary of State. 
New Orleans, April 7, 1876. 
I hereby certify that the foregoing Act is a true and correct copy of the original on 
[Seal.] file in this office. 

N. DURAND, Assistant Secretary of State. 



Maine. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM P. KELLOGG. 

January 3, 1876. 

An Act of a previous Legislature provided for the appointment of a State Board of 
Managers to represent the interests of the State at the Centennial celebration of the inde- 
pendence of the nation in Philadelphia in J876, but made no appropriation to defray the 
necessary expenses. I recommend that a suitable appropriation be made to maintain the 
dignity of the State. 



MAINE. 

EXTRACT FROM THE ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR NELSON DINGLEY, Jr. 

January 8, 1874. 
By authority of an Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, a Board of Commis- 
sioners was appointed by the President to prepare and superintend the execution of a plan 
for the national celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of 
the United States, by the holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of 
the Soil and Mine, at Philadelphia, during the summer of 1876. The Centennial Com- 
mission, ably represented on the part of this State by Hon. Joshua Nye as Commissioner, 
and Hon. Charles P. Kimball as Alternate Commissioner, have made most successful pro- 
gress in arranging such an International Exhibition as will serve as a fitting recognition of 
so important a national event, and at the same time as a worthy exposition of our progress 
in literature, art, science, and industry. To further the objects of the Exhibition, and se- 
cure an appropriate representation of the industries of the several States, the Commissioners 
invite Maine to appoint a Board of Directors consisting of five members, who, with the 
Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner, shall constitute the State Board of Centennial 



APPENDIX D. 165 

Managers, upon whom will devolve the responsibility of seeing that the State is properly State action. 



represented in the Exhibition, and all its interests there faithfully cared for. I recommend 
that you authorize the appointment of such Directors, to serve without compensation. 



Mi 



RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MAINE. 

Approved February 28, 1874. 

Resolved, That the Governor be, and is hereby, authorized to appoint a Board of Directors 
consisting of five members, who, with Commissioner and Assistant Commissioner, shall con- 
stitute the State Board of Centennial Managers, to see that the State is properly represented 
in the proposed celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of 
the United States, by the holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of 
the Soil and Mine, at Philadelphia, during the summer of eighteen hundred and seventy- 
six, said Commissioners to receive no compensation for their personal services, except 
necessary expenses, not to exceed the sum of one thousand dollars for the year eighteen 
hundred and seventy-four. 

In the House of Representatives, February 26, 1874, read and passed finally. 

W. W. THOMAS, Jr., Speaker. 

In Senate, February 27, 1874, read and passed finally. 

J. E. BUTLER, President. 
Approved February 28, 1874. 

NELSON DINGLEY, Jr., Governor. 



EXTRACT FROM THE ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR NELSON DINGLEY, Jr. 

January, 1 875. 

By authority of a resolve of the last Legislature, a Board of Directors has been ap- 
pointed to look after the interests of the State with reference to the proposed Centennial 
Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876, and to aid in promoting the success of the celebration 
of the hundredth anniversary of the nation's existence. 



RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MAINE. 

Approved February 10, 1875. 

Resolved, That the sum of one thousand dollars be appropriated for the use of the Maine 
Centennial Commission, and the same be at the disposal of the said Board, under the order 
of the Governor and Executive Council, subject to the same restrictions as imposed in the 
resolve of the Legislature approved February twenty-eighth, eighteen hundred and seventy- 
four. 

In the House of Representatives, February 8, 1875, read and passed finally. 

W. W. THOMAS, Jr., Speaker. 
In Senate, February 9, 1875, rea d and passed finally. 

EDMUND F. WEBB, President. 
Approved February 10, 1875. 

NELSON DINGLEY, Jr., Governor. 



1 66 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. EXTRACT FROM THE ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR SELDEN CONNOR. 

Maine. 

January, 1876. 

The International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and 
Mine, to be held in Philadelphia under the auspices of the United States, bids fair to 
constitute a worthy celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independ- 
ence. Preparations have been made on the most extensive scale, and are rapidly approach- 
ing completion; and so many assurances of intention to participate have been received from 
the governments and people of the civilized world, as to indicate that the American Con- 
gress of Industry will at least equal those which have been held by other countries. No 
more appropriate celebration of the great event could have been devised. The establish- 
ment of a government of the people not only secured the happiness and prosperity which 
we enjoy, but sent abroad an influence which has manifested itself in the amelioration of 
the political condition of the people of other lands, and is constantly and surely extending. 
It is fitting, therefore, that we should invite all nations to join in the commemoration of the 
birthday of freedom, — to enter the lists in the modern " Field of the Cloth of Gold," where 
kings of mind and knights of labor contend in friendly rivalries. 

It engages the honor of our .State and citizens to put forth every effort to secure a full 
representation of the resources and productions of Maine, since, whether rightfully or not, 
the guests of the nation will judge of the importance and capability of each State from the 
display it makes at what appears to be its chosen time and place. 

The Commissioners appointed by the State have co-operated with those of the general 
Board, and have succeeded in awakening such an interest and enrolling so many exhibitors 
that they already confidently anticipate that the extent, variety, and attractiveness of her 
contributions will entitle Maine to a creditable position among her sister States. The seven 
departments, Mining, Manufactures, Education and Science, Art, Machinery, Agriculture, 
and Horticulture, which form the classification of articles in the Exhibition, will all have 
some representation from our State, though necessarily a limited one in some classes. The 
assured contributions of woolen and cotton textile fabrics, granite, slate, feldspar, iron, 
machinery, agricultural implements, canned products, and articles manufactured from wood 
pulp, are numerous and extensive. Add to these such contributions of cattle and horses, 
cereals, fruits, dairy products, grasses, native woods, and samples of the shipbuilder's art 
as the State is capable of furnishing, — and it is hoped that they may be obtained, — and the 
aggregate must constitute a more interesting exhibition of our resources and industries than 
the State has ever witnessed. 

I am confident that you will consult the sentiment of the people, by appropriating such 
a sum in this behalf as the Commissioners shall in their estimate show to be necessary to 
defray the general expenses proper to be borne by the State. 



RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MAINE. 
Approved February 22, 1876. 
Resolved, That the sum of ten thousand dollars be appropriated for the befitting expo- 
sition of Maine's resources at the forthcoming International Exhibition at Philadelphia, to 
be expended, or so much thereof as shall be necessary, under the care and direction of the 
State Centennial Commission, subject to the approval of the Governor and Council. 
In the House of Representatives, February 21, 1876, read and passed finally. 

FREDERICK ROBIE, Speaker. 

In Senate, February 22, 1876, read and passed finally. 

THOMAS W. HYDE, President. 
Approved February 22, 1876. 

SELDEN CONNOR, Governor. 



APPENDIX D. 167 

RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MAINE. 
Approved February 23, 1876. 
Resolved, That the sum of two thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be neces- 
sary, be, and the same is hereby, appropriated for the purpose of paying the expenses of the 
Governor and staff in attending the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. 

In the House of Representatives, February 23, 1876, read and passed finally. 

FREDERICK ROBIE, Speaker. 
In Senate, February 23, 1 876, read and passed finally. 

THOMAS W. HYDE, President. 
Approved February 23, 1876. 

SELDEN CONNOR, Governor. 



State action. 
Maine. 



MARYLAND. Maryland. 

JOINT CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MARY- 
LAND. 

By the Senate, 

January 18, 1876. 
Gentlemen of the House of Delegates : 

We propose, with the concurrence of your honorable body, the appointment, by the 
President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Delegates, of a Joint Committee, 
consisting of seven members upon the part of the Senate, and seven upon the part of the 
House of Delegates, to be constituted a " Committee on the Centennial," to whom shall be 
referred for consideration all matters appertaining to the participation by the State in the 
celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence ; which Com- 
mittee shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise. 

The President has appointed on the part of the Senate, Messrs. Stevens, Dennis, Walsh, 
Cooper, Ford, Suit, and Steiner. 

By order, 
AUGUSTUS GASSAWAY, Secretary. 



By the House of Delegates, 
January 19, 1876. 
Gentlemen of the Senate: 

We have received your message proposing to appoint a Joint Committee of seven on 
the Centennial, and respectfully concur therein. 

We name as members of the Committee on part of the House, Messrs. Smith, of Dor- 
chester, Loane, Brooke, Hodges, Rusk, Purnell, and Dodson. 

By order, 
MILTON Y. KIDD, Chief Clerk. 
[Which was read, assented to, and sent to the Senate.] 



Resolved by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the Joint Committee on the Cen- 
tennial be, and they are hereby, authorized and directed to aid, assist, and co-operate with 
United States Centennial Commissioners from this State, under their direction and control, 
in all proper efforts toward the representation of the State of Maryland in its participation 
in the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence, to be held in 
the City of Philadelphia during the ensuing year ; Provided, however, that the said Com- 



1 68 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. m ittee shall themselves pay all expenses that may be incident to their duties, and shall in 
no way be empowered to contract liabilities m hatever against the State. 



ADDRESS OF THE CENTENNIAL COMMISSIONERS FOR MARYLAND TO 
THE LEGISLATURE OF MARYLAND. 

Baltimore, January 31, 1876. 

Dear Sir, — Having been appointed by the President of the United States, on the nom- 
ination of his Excellency the Governor of Maryland, Commissioners, on the Commission 
authorized to be constituted under and by virtue of the Act of Congress to provide for cele- 
brating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an Inter- 
national Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine ; and having 
seen that, in accordance with the suggestions of Governor Carroll, a Committee of the 
Legislature of Maryland, of which you are Chairman, has been appointed, in view of 
having Maryland properly represented on this occasion, we have thought that it would not 
be out of place to address you, in anticipation of the action of your Committee. 

Although ranking, in point of size, among the smaller States of the Union, there is 
perhaps not one whose arts, manufactures, and products of the soil and mine are more 
varied, or which would more reputably and honorably contribute to the coming Exhibition 
in Philadelphia. 

In the commercial world the credit of Maryland stands second to none. In the great 
European money markets her public securities are well known and as highly valued. 
But this world, that we refer to, is a very narrow one compared to that which will be repre- 
sented from all quarters of the globe during the ensuing summer at the Centennial celebra- 
tion ; and it is to this wider world that we would have Maryland make known the resources 
which have given her the credit due to the energy, ingenuity, skill, and perseverance which 
have turned to such good account the happy circumstances of her soil and climate. 

The present is an opportunity never to occur again. Other exhibitions, similar in 
character, may take place, but they will want the attractiveness of this. The two hun- 
dredth anniversary may be the next; there can be none before it. It is a remote and may 
be an uncertain future for coming generations ; but we have hold of the present, we are 
sure of that, and Maryland would not be true to her good name and fame were she not 
to be represented in a manner corresponding to her means, her opportunities, and her 
patriotism. 

One of the Commissioners, in a recent visit to Philadelphia, obtained information that 
is not without interest, looking to the probable expense of such a representation of Mary- 
land as would be proper under the circumstances, and the conclusion to which both have 
come is that twenty-five thousand dollars would not at all exceed what may be set down as 
necessary. 

The Commissioners neither ask nor will receive compensation for their services, but 
such a collection of the arts, manufactures, and products of the soil and mine of the State, 
as their appointment contemplates, does not make itself, nor can the interest or the oppor- 
tunities of individuals be relied on to furnish it. It must be gathered by special agencies, 
and these must be paid. 

It must not be distributed sporadically through the vast halls that have been erected, 
a roll of cotton cluck in one place, a case of shoes in another, copper from the bare hills in 
another, iron from Alleghany in another, models of the fish of Maryland here, specimens 
of the woods there: all should be collected, arranged, classified, and attended in one place, 
a work requiring intelligence of a high order, which must also be paid for ; and when the 
Maryland collection is complete, it should be in charge of one or more persons capable of 
describing it properly and securing for it that consideration among the tens of thousands 
of visitors, which will be its due if Maryland does herself justice. Then it must be watched, 
and lab< r, more or less in connection therewith, will be necessary during the entire Exhi- 



APPENDIX D. i^g 

bition, and in disposing of the articles exhibited, and removing them when the Exhibition State action, 
is over. Maryland. 

Clerical services also will be wanted to keep the accounts of expenditures, and attend to 
correspondence with exhibitors from Maryland and others, and in addition must be paid for. 

Willing as the Commissioners might be, they would be utterly incompetent, even phys- 
ically, to do a tithe of what would be necessary in these various respects. 

Then, again, it has seemed to the Commissioners, after obtaining information upon the 
spot, that the proper transaction of what may be called the business of their appointment 
requires that there should be a temporary building, reputable in appearance, for the offices 
of those whom the Commissioners might employ, which might be used by the Governor 
and such State officials as might have occasion to resort to it during the continuance of the 
Exhibition, and which should also contain one or more reception-rooms for the visitors from 
Maryland, where they might feel they had a right to be, and over which the flag of Mary- 
land should at all times be flying. 

To those who have never visited the Centennial grounds, it may seem strange that all 
this preparation is suggested even, and there may be some who think that the whole Exhi- 
bition may be seen in a few hours' walk. But when it is borne in mind that in extent of 
ground, in multitude and magnitude of buildings, and in variety of subjects exhibited, the 
Centennial area and buildings, and their contents, will exceed anything of the sort yet 
known in the world, it will more readily be believed that a building which might be 
regarded as a sort of resting-place and home for Marylanders in the midst of this vast 
collection of peoples and their products will be not unwelcome, even if we were careless 
of the fact that the Maryland building would add to the conspicuousness of the State on 
this occasion. 

As you must have observed in the newspapers, other States have made this provision, 
both for business and comfort; and our best judgment recommends its adoption by 
Maryland. 

In these remarks we do not pretend to say that- the manufacturers, farmers, miners, and 
citizens of Maryland would not find room in the vast halls at Philadelphia for what they 
send there, even though the State gives not one dollar to concentrate the collection and 
supervise it, nor is it denied that Marylanders, under any circumstances, may find the great 
Exhibition a good business card, affecting their future sales, or otherwise promoting their 
interests ; but we do say that we have greatly underrated the pride of our people if they 
would be altogether comfortable in owing the opportunity of advancing their fortunes to 
Pennsylvania outlay, when their own State had, while willing to reap the benefit, refused 
to contribute to the expense. 

Nor are we prepared to say that even less than the sum named might not to some extent 
secure a respectable representation on this occasion ; but, even as we write, so many causes 
of necessary outlay, not enumerated above, occur to us, that we would rather see the amount 
increased than reduced. 

With the sum suggested, we believe that a collection can be concentrated in the halls 
of the Centennial of which every Marylander will be proud, while the convenience of every 
Maryland visitor will be consulted and promoted. 

With less it is much feared that the Maryland locality might probably be the last that 
Marylanders might desire to call particular attention to. 

It is proper to add, in conclusion, that whatever is done by the State should be done 
quickly. Even now the collection of what is to be exhibited should be in progress. 

The Exhibition opens on the ioth of May, and the intervening time is none too long for 
a suitable and reputable preparation. Most respectfully, 

JOHN H. B. LATROBE, Commissioner, 
SAMUEL M. SHOEMAKER, Alternate, 
United States Centennial Commissioners for the State of Maryland. 
To Hon. FRANK P. STEVENS, Chairman. 



iy Q INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. ACT QF THE LEGISLATURE OF MARYLAND. 

Maryland. 

Approved March 23, 1876. 

An Act to provide for the proper representation of the State of Maryland at the celebration 
of the one hundredth anniversary of American independence. 

Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the sum of fifteen 
thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be, and the same is hereby, 
appropriated for the purpose of defraying the expenses incident to the representation of the 
manufactures, the products of the soil and mines, of the State, and its progress, at the 
International Exhibition to be held in the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsyl- 
vania, in the present year. 

Sec. 2. And be it enacted, That the said sum so appropriated shall be disbursed by and 
under the direction of John H. B. Latrobe and Samuel M. Shoemaker, or their successors, 
Commissioners on tne Commission authorized and constituted under and by virtue of an 
Act of the Congress of the United States to provide for celebrating the one hundredth 
anniversary of American Independence, and that said Commissioners, or their successors, 
are hereby authorized and empowered to expend the said sum of money, or so much thereof 
as may be necessary, for the purposes aforesaid, in their discretion, and the Comptroller is 
hereby directed to draw warrants upon the Treasurer for such sums as said Commissioners 
may require, not exceeding the amount herein appropriated, and the Treasurer be, and is 
hereby, directed to pay the same. 

Sec. 3. And be it enacted, That this Act shall take effect from the date of its approval 
by the Governor. 



ADDRESS BY THE GOVERNOR OF MARYLAND. 

Executive Department, Annapolis, October 2, 1876. 
To the People of Maryland: 

The Executive of this State has been officially notified by the United States Centennial 
Commissioners that the 19th of October will be especially set apart " for the delivery of the 
address commemorative of Maryland's share in the Declaration which, one hundred years 
ago, separated the thirteen colonies, now the United States, from the Government of Great 
Britain." 

In view of the prominent and patriotic position maintained by the State of Maryland in 
the struggle that secured our freedom, it is desirable that she should be fitly represented 
among her sister States, who shared the trials of those eventful days, and therefore a cordial 
invitation is extended to all who take an interest in the past history and future welfare of 
this Commonwealth, to be present at the ceremonies which will designate " Maryland Day" 
at the great Centennial Exhibition. 

The States have vied with each other in their efforts to do honor to the wonderful 
creation at Philadelphia, which has placed the wealth and resources of the world before our 
eyes, and it is hoped that the town and city authorities, together with the press through- 
out the State, will co-operate in making the occasion well worthy of the memories it is 
intended to renew. 

JOHN LEE CARROLL, Governor. 
JOHN H. B. LATROBE, 
SAMUEL H. SHOEMAKER. 
Commissioners, Baltimore City, Md. 



APPENDIX D. J y l 

MASSACHUSETTS. State acti ™ 

Massachusetts. 

EXTRACT FROM THE ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM GASTON. 

January 7, 1875. 

The year upon which we are now entering will be one of peculiar interest to the Amer- 
ican people, and especially to the people of our own Commonwealth, as it completes the 
century from the opening scenes of the war of the Revolution. The one hundredth anni- 
versary of the 19th of April, 1775, the day "which made conciliation impossible and inde- 
pendence certain" in the conflict between Great Britain and her colonies, will be celebrated 
by the people of Massachusetts during the term for which we have been elected. 

On the seventeenth day of June, 1775, occurred that great historic event, the battle of 
Bunker Hill. Its one hundredth anniversary will be celebrated on the seventeenth day of 
June, 1875, m a manner worthy of the dignity of such an occasion. 

I am sure that you will unite with me in the hope and the endeavor that this Centennial 
year shall be made the occasion for quenching party animosities, reviving patriotic senti- 
ments, and devoting ourselves in the spirit of our fathers to the public service. 

I take pleasure in communicating to you an invitation from the inhabitants of the town 
of Concord to the two branches of the General Court, to be present as the guests of the 
town on the 19th of April next and take part in a fitting commemoration of the events 
which make the day famous. A similar invitation from Concord was accepted by your pre- 
decessors twenty-five years ago, and I commend this invitation to your favorable consider- 
ation. 

Nearly a century has elapsed since at Philadelphia " the representatives of the United 
States of America in general Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the 
World for the rectitude of their intentions," did, " in the name and by the authority of the 
good people of the colonies, solemnly publish and declare that the United Colonies were 
and of right ought to be free and independent States." "And for the support of that 
declaration" they did, "with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, 
mutually pledge to each other their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor." 

To the celebration of this great event, which will occur in Philadelphia in the year 
1876, I invite the attention of the Legislature. 

As we are passing from the first century of our existence as free and independent States, 
and are about stepping upon the threshold of the second, it certainly is an appropriate time 
for us to look back to our early history, and seek from it, as we well may, a guide for the 
future. 

This Centennial anniversary will be of incalculable benefit, if it shall recall to our minds 
that primitive time, when high office was held as a great and sacred trust, and when official 
position was sought for the opportunity which it furnished for honest and faithful public 
service, and not as a means of personal emolument or gain. 

This celebration will be one in which all parts of the country can cordially unite. The 
memory of this grand event can awaken no emotions except those of pride, either in the 
North or in the South, in the East or in the West. Its celebration belongs to the whole 
country. Here all can stand on common ground, and can, as heirs of a common glory, 
rejoice together. This celebration will fail in one of the purposes which ought to be accom- 
plished by it, if it shall not tend to allay sectional hatred and sectional strife, and to give 
new life to the spirit of that ancient patriotism which had no boundary lines except those 
of the whole country. If it shall tend to any large extent to accomplish such results, then 
the fourth day of July, 1876, will be a day worthy of future remembrance. 



\J2 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

Massachusetts . , .., _ 

Approved May 19, 1875. 

Resolved, That the Governor and Council are hereby authorized to take such steps and 
do all such things as to them shall seem proper for securing at the Exhibition at Philadel- 
phia a due representation of the different arts, industries, and institutions of the Common- 
wealth, and to expend at their discretion for such purpose such sums as may be required, 
not exceeding in the aggregate fifty thousand dollars, which is hereby appropriated ; and 
such sum or sums shall be allowed and paid out of the treasury, on warrant drawn by the 
Governor, at such time or times as shall to him seem expedient, not exceeding the amount 
appropriated. 



EXTRACT FROM THE ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR ALEXANDER H. RICE. 

January 6, 1876. 

The most interesting event in America during the current year will undoubtedly be the 
great Exhibition of the products of the industry of all nations, at Philadelphia. In nothing 
is the progress of the world so measured and exemplified as in the development of the arts, 
and in the application of science thereto. And perhaps there is no moving tendency more 
salutary and effective than the commingling of different nationalities in the competition 
for supremacy in those material results which inure to the wealth, the comfort, and the 
happiness of mankind. Such exhibitions as that in contemplation are known to have stimu- 
lated all kinds of industry in European countries; and, beside the benefit to be derived 
by our capitalists and workmen, it is worthy of a great and progressive nation that the 
Centennial anniversary of its birth shall be commemorated by the triumphs of peace, rather 
than by the loud and fiery clangor of war. 

Modern discoveries applied to the purposes of locomotion and electric communication 
have realized to us the common brotherhood of men, and the substantial unity of all 
nations, in the most comprehensive aspect of human interest. Mountains and oceans are 
now but ridges and ferries on the lines of communication, and the once measureless conti- 
nent is but a ribbon of earth, over which the message flies with the velocity of thought. 
Nature has sufficiently diversified industry by the varied gifts of soil, climate, and mineral 
deposit, to make their culture, fabrication, and exchange the profitable employment of men. 
While each nationality has been for years, perhaps for a century, pursuing its own line of 
discovery and application, what can be more beneficial and more instructive than that all 
shall come together at last for an interchange of thought, as well as of merchandise ; to 
rub off the asperities and jealousies which distance and separation engender, and to culti- 
vate those friendly sentiments and that mutual esteem which may precede the beating of 
swords into plowshares and of spears into pruning-hooks ? 

The response to the call of our national Government to join in this international display 
has been so general that we may expect one of the most valuable and important collections 
of the objects of utility and beauty that has ever been gathered. The Legislature of last 
year appropriated the sum of fifty thousand dollars for the purpose of " securing at the 
Exhibition at Philadelphia a due representation of the different arts, industries, and institu- 
tions of this Commonwealth;" and in pursuance thereof the Governor and Council ap- 
pointed three Commissioners or agents to carry out the objects of the appropriation. This 
sum, perhaps, exhibits the extent to which the Legislature trusted in the pride and patriot- 
ism of the people of the Commonwealth to enter by voluntary effort and contribution into 
such a representation as should be worthy of their attainments and of their renown. The 
Commissioners above referred to have been assiduous in the use of the means place;! at 
their command; and those appointed by the national Government have also made encour- 



APPENDIX D. 



*73 



aging progress in securing the co-operation of manufacturers, mechanics, and inventors, to State action, 
prepare and forward specimens of their skill and handicraft. 

The educational institutions of the State are preparing a thorough exhibit of their plan 
of operations, and I trust that the facilities for training the young for the service of life, by 
means of primary, high, normal, and industrial schools, academies, institutes, and colleges, 
will be completely represented. It is especially desired that the organization of Massa- 
chusetts as a State should be accurately reported upon at this time in her history ; and I 
would urge upon the officers having charge of the various departments of her civil economy, 
to prepare the most thorough and elaborate illustrations of what the State has done and is 
doing, and the theory and plans upon which her efforts in this direction have been based. 

I need hardly remind you, Senators and Representatives, that above and beyond the 
gathered industries of all nations and of every clime, there will be one suggestive and 
transcendent contribution to this grandest of Exhibitions, — one element which surpasses 
the inventor's cunning and the craftsman's skill, and which we gladly believe will survive 
when all the material monuments of human greatness have crumbled into dust or moulded 
into decay ; it is the life of this Republic, new-born every hour in the affections of the 
American people, — strengthened and defended by increasing millions scattered over the 
acres of our vast domain, — the inspiration of our patriotism ; let it be also the sustaining 
hope of freedom and progress throughout the world. 



MICHIGAN. Michigan. 

ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MICHIGAN. 

Approved April 28, 1875. 

An Act to provide for paying the expenses of the supervision of such products of soil and 

mine, works of art, and manufactured articles, as the citizens of Michigan may send to 

the Centennial Exhibition to be held in Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, during the 

year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Section i. The People of the State of Michigan enact, That the Governor is hereby 
authorized to appoint a Board of Managers, consisting of four persons, representing the 
agricultural, pomological, mining, and manufacturing interests of this State, whose duty it 
shall be to supervise the forwarding to the place of the Centennial Exhibition in Philadel- 
phia, to be held between the months of April and October in the year eighteen hundred 
and seventy-six, all such articles, whether of art, or the products of soil and mine, or of 
manufactures, that any of the citizens of Michigan may desire to send to such Exhibition, 
and shall provide storage for them at the place of shipment, and make such arrangements 
for freight and conveyance as shall best serve the interest of the owners of said articles. 
Provided, that the cost of transportation shall be paid by the owners of said articles. 

Sec. 2. The members of said Board of Managers shall be entitled, for their services, to a 
sum sufficient to defray their actual and necessary disbursements in the discharge of their 
duties, and for personal expenses while actually engaged in the performance of the duties 
of said Board. 

Sec. 3. That the sum of seven thousand five hundred dollars, or so much thereof as 
may be necessary, be and the same is hereby appropriated from the general fund for the 
purpose of paying the expenses of said Board as above described. 

Sec. 4. Upon satisfactory vouchers of expenses incurred, exhibited by the Managers to 
the Governor, it shall be the duty of the Auditor-General, upon the requisition of the 
Governor, to draw his warrant on the State Treasurer for such sum or sums, not exceeding 
the amount hereby appropriated, as may be necessary, to be used for the purpose herein- 
before prescribed. 



State action. 
Michigan. 



I 74 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Sec. 5. The Governor shall be Chairman of the Board of Managers, and shall have 
power to remove any of said Managers, for good and sufficient cause, and to appoint others 
in their place. 

Sec. 6. This Act shall take immediate effect. 

Approved April 28, 1875. 



Minnesota. MINNESOTA. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR HORACE AUSTIN. 

January, 1873. 

The plan proposed for a celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of our national 
existence by an International Exhibition of industry and the arts is receiving the increased 
attention its importance deserves. 

Considering that the happy rescue of the nation's life from the perils of internal dissen- 
sion has vindicated the character of popular government throughout the world, as well 
from the fears of its friends as the hopes of its enemies, and that the present age is embla- 
zoned rather with the victories of peace than the trophies of war, it would seem peculiarly 
fitting that the rounded century of the nation's happy existence should be crowned with a 
display of the fruits of those industries and arts to which it so largely owes its prosperity 
and its proud position among the nations of the world. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MINNESOTA. 

Approved March 9, 1875. 

A BILL to secure for the State a proper representation of its Resotcrces, Products, and 

Manufactures at the International Exhibition at Philadelphia, in 1876. 
Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota : 

SECTION I. The sum of five hundred dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, 
is hereby appropriated out of the State treasury, for the purpose of enabling the State Board 
of Centennial Managers heretofore appointed, consisting of Pennock Pusey, Philip S. Harris, 
and Paris Gibson, to make a proper display of the mineral, agricultural, and natural 
resources of our State, and of its manufactures and products, at the International Exhibi- 
tion at Philadelphia, in 1876. 

Sec. 2. Said money shall be expended on the order of said Commissioners, in such way 
as they shall deem will best accomplish the object expressed in the first section, and best 
conduce to the advantage, reputation, and interests of the State in said Exhibition ; Pro- 
vided, that no part of said amount shall be used as pay for services rendered by said Board. 

Sec. 3. Said Board shall report to the Governor, prior to the next session of the Legis- 
lature, their action, and a statement of the means used by them to accomplish the objects of 
their appointment. 

SEC. 4. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR C. K. DAVIS. 

January 7, 1876. 
The Legislature at its last session appointed a Board of Centennial Commissioners, and 
made a small provisional appropriation to enable them to enter upon their work. It appears 
from their report that they have taken steps to collect a cabinet of ores, minerals, fossils, 



APPENDIX D. 



75 



ils, and building-stones of the State, and specimens of our forest trees and plants. State 



They have succeeded by personal efforts in awakening a lively interest among our manu- 
facturers. They express very emphatically their conviction that the occasion is one which 
should be met by the State as a State, and they recommend an appropriation of $32,000 
for that purpose. They recommend us to follow the example of other Western States, and 
to erect a building to be exclusively used for the exhibition of our contributions. 

We are now at the beginning of the hundredth year of our National Independence. 
For one century the idea of self-government as embodied in our Constitution has been sub- 
jected to all. the tests which try the stability of nations, and it has withstood them all. 
Foreign war, territorial aggrandizement, the canker of peace, the disintegrating influence 
of slavery, civil dissension ending in civil war, have by turns attacked our institutions with 
all their powers of destruction, only to leave those institutions firmer and more glorious 
than before. 

At Philadelphia, in 1776, it was pronounced that all men are created equal and that all 
governments derive their just power from the consent of the governed, and it is now pro- 
posed that at that city in the year 1876 the nations of the earth shall meet in commemora- 
tion of that event and vie in exposition of the products of art and industry. 

This occasion is one which appeals for recognition to every patriotic heart. This com- 
memorative act is to be performed at a time when our country is at peace with all nations; 
when the animosities of fraternal strife are nearly effaced by the sweet oblivion of restored 
love for our country; when statesmen from every State are laboring together to make the 
assurance of our future doubly sure; when no word is heard, no argument spoken, for dis- 
memberment of the Union, when every thought is for its perpetuity ; when the influence 
of education has suffused the very being of every citizen of the Republic ; when art and 
science, keeping pace with the advance of our country in prosperity, exhibit their results on 
every hand, not only in the luxurious appliances of civilization, but also in the satisfaction 
of the daily wants of life. 

You will find upon inquiry that other States have made liberal appropriations with which 
to enable them to take their part in this historic pageant with dignity and propriety ; and I 
trust that Minnesota will appear among her sisterhood in such guise that no comparison will 
put her to shame. 



Minnesota. 



EXTRACT FROM THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR JOHN S. 

PILLSBURY. 
January 7, 1876. 

It is difficult, in my judgment, to exaggerate the importance to Minnesota of a full 
presentation at the Centennial Exhibition, to commence in May next, of her varied and 
ample products. Of the event itself, it is no exaggeration to say that it will and ought to 
prove to Americans, at least, the most significant occurrence of the century. Other nations 
have had Industrial Exhibitions evidencing the achievements of the arts and sciences, and 
attesting the progress of the age. Ours will commemorate a nation created and a nation 
saved. It will exhibit not merely the progress of the original members of the Union, but 
the matured industries of new States. It will not only vindicate the character of popular 
institutions, but array the agencies by which the laboring man of to-day possesses more 
comforts than did the monarchs of past ages. Except for the use of steam, the most potent 
agency in material achievements, it is safe to say that the entire Northwest would yet have 
remained a wilderness. Is it not fitting that Minnesota should pay a tribute to the agency 
to which she owes her existence, and add to the display of a nation of which she is so 
prosperous a member? She should esteem it a privilege to bear part and lot in such an 
Exhibition. 

But from a more practical view, the opportunity afforded to encourage immigration, by 



i;6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. an exhibition of agricultural and industrial products, and of other evidences of the re- 



Minnesota. 



sources and attractions of our State, will be so extraordinary, that to neglect it will be, in 
my opinion, a grave mistake. Most of the neighboring States which cc mpete with us for 
immigration are erecting separate buildings upon the Centennial grounds lor the exclusive 
display of their own prcducts. Would it not be a matter of policy for Minnesota to follow 
that example ? As it is an event not likely to occur again within the lifetime of any person 
now in existence, so it is not likely that the century will furnish another occasion justifying 
so clearly an adequate expenditure for the realization of its highest purpose. The matter 
is commended to your consideration with a recommendation for such prompt and just action 
as will secure the end desired. 



Mississippi. MISSISSIPPI. 

ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MISSISSIPPI. 
Approved April 6, 1874. 
An Act to provide for the efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Centennial Exhi- 
bition, and to create a State Centennial Board of Managers. 

Section I. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Mississippi, That the Governor 
shall appoint five citizens of the State of Mississippi who shall, in connection with the 
Commissioners and Alternate Commissioners of this State, constitute a State Centennial 
Board of Managers. 

Sec. 2. Be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the State Board to organize 
the State in such a manner as to secure its thorough representation in the Exhibition. They 
will have the care and interests of the State and its citizens in matters relating to the Exhi- 
bition, to disseminate information about it, to issue invitations to participants, to receive and 
pronounce upon applications for space, to appropriate the same placed at its disposal among 
the exhibitors from this State, and to supervise such details relating to the representations 
of its citizens in the Exhibition as may from time to time be delegated to it by the United 
States Centennial Commission. 

Sec. 3. Be it fta-ther enacted, That after the election of one of its members as Presi- 
dent, and one member to act as Secretary and Treasurer, they may establish an office for 
the transaction of their business in Jackson, or such other place as will best suit their con- 
venience. 

Sec. 4. Be it ftirther enacted, That this Act take effect and be in force from and after 
its passage. 

[Note. — By Act of the Legislature, approved March 6, 1875, being the Act making 
appropriations for 1875, there was appropriated " For State Centennial Board, five thousand 
dollars ($5000.)"] 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR ADELBERT AMES. 

January, 1876. 

At the last session of the Legislature an appropriation of five thousand dollars ($5000) 
was made for the use of the Centennial Board in preparing for a proper representation of 
the products of the State at the International Exhibition to be held in the City of Phila- 
delphia this year. 

The Act of the Legislature making the appropriation provides that the Board shall make 
reports from time to time of their action in the use and expenditure of the same. A portion 
of the appropriation was applied to the payment of Centennial premiums at the recent State 



APPENDIX I). 



177 



Fair. Other expenses have been incurred; a detailed statement of which will be furnished State action. 
in the report of the officers of the State Board. Mississippi. 

I recommend a liberal appropriation, that there may be a creditable exhibition of the 
products and interests of the State. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MISSISSIPPI. 
Became a law by limitation, March 13, 1876. 
An Act to amend an Act entitled "An Act to provide for the efficient adjustment of 'the pre- 
liminaries to the Centennial Exhibition, and to create a Centennial Board of ' Managers, 1y 
approved April 6, 1874. 

SECTION I. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Mississippi, That an Act en- 
titled "An Act to provide for the efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Centennial 
Exhibition, and to create a Centennial Board of Managers," approved April 6, 1874, be 
and the same is hereby amended as follows : Strike out the word " Governor" in the second 
and third lines of Section 1, and insert in lieu thereof the words, "the President/rc /<?/«. 
of the Senate," and after the word " appoint," in the third line, insert the following words: 
" four, and the .Speaker of the House." 

Sec. 2. Be it further enacted, That all appointments heretofore made under the provisions 
of the above-recited Act be and they are hereby declared null and void ; Provided, That 
nothing in this Act shall be so construed as to invalidate any action of said Board hereto- 
fore had in accordance with the provisions of said Act. 

Sec. 3. Be it further enacted, That all Acts and parts of Acts in conflict with this Act be 
and the same are hereby repealed, and that this Act shall take effect and be in force from 
and after its passage. 



RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MISSISSIPPI. 
Approved April 14, 1876. 
A Joint Resolution in relation to the State Board of Centennial Commissioners. 
Whereas, The number of Centennial Commissioners may be increased without addi- 
tional expense ; therefore, 

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Mississippi, That the Governor be au- 
thorized to appoint six additional persons as members of the State Board of Centennial 
Commissioners immediately after the passage of this Act. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR J. M. STONE. 

January, 1877. 

Agreeably to an Act passed at your last session, the Centennial Board of Managers for 
this State was re-organized. Fifteen gentlemen, representing various industrial pursuits 
and residing in different portions of the State, were commissioned. The former Board had 
already contracted for the erection of a building at Fairmount Park, intended as a head- 
quarters for visitors from Mississippi. The new Board ratified the contract, and .the build- 
ing was ready at the opening of the Exhibition on the 10th of May. This building was 
erected by the " Mississippi Valley Industrial Company" of McComb City, and the lumber 
used in its construction represented sixty-eight varieties of timber grown in Pike and Lin- 
coln Counties. I am informed by the Managers and many visitors that it was one of the 
most attractive State buildings in the Park. 

The limited time and the limited appropriation at the disposal of the new Board pre- 



178 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



State action. 
Mississippi. 



vented a full exhibit ot our State products and industries at the Exhibition : still, a credit- 
able display was entered, and first honors were awarded the Mississippi Mills at Wasson, and 
the Whitfield Manufacturing Company at Corinth, for several classes of fabrics exhibited by 
those establishments. 

The Board of Managers will submit to you a detailed statement of expenditures per- 
taining to the Exhibition, and their report will show that although the appropriation was 
limited to five thousand dollars, a considerable portion was unexpended and has been 
returned to the State Treasuiy. 



Missouri. 



MISSOURI, 



MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR SILAS WOODSON. 
January 7, 1 874. 
In November last I received a communication from the Hon. A. T. Goshorn. Director- 
General of the United States Centennial Commission, which I beg to lay before you, and 
ask you to take such steps in reference to the suggestions found in it as you in your wisdom 
may think best. The International Exhibition at Philadelphia, in 1876, will perhaps equal, 
if it does not excel, anything of the kind that has preceded it in the annals of history. Not 
only will the States of the American Union strive to excel each other in the displays of their 
productions, skill, and genius, but our people as a people, for the first time under favorable 
auspices, will be brought into competition with the nationalities of the civilized world. An 
epitome of America will be presented at the Exhibition. In a word, our people, resources, 
productions, power, skill, genius, and capabilities are to be exhibited to the gaze of man- 
kind. What our country really is, will for the first time be witnessed, known, and appre- 
ciated by the nations of the earth. From what is seen of us, and as exhibited at Philadel- 
phia in 1876, we are to be known and judged from the centre to the extreme verge of 
civilization. I confess that I not only feel great interest in seeing the nation acquit itself 
with honor upon the occasion, but I am still more anxious to see Missouri occupying the 
front rank when brought into competition with her sister States. Missouri, if she wills it, 
can make a finer display, and win greater distinction in many respects, than any other State. 
Her mineral resources are more varied and richer than those of any other. The skill and 
genius of her artists are unsurpassed, whilst her agricultural products will scarcely be rivaled. 
It is for you to say what steps shall be taken to have our beloved State fairly represented 
upon the grand occasion to which your attention has been called. Herewith I send you 
the report of the Commissioner and Alternate of Missouri upon the subject. 



Montana. 



MONTANA. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR B. F. POTTS. 

January, 1873. 
The celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence will be 
held in the City of Philadelphia in the year 1876. A great International Exhibition of the 
products of the mines, soil, manufactures, and the arts will be a prominent feature of the 
celebration. The President of the United States has appointed a Commissioner and an 
Alternate to represent this Territory at the Exhibition. I recommend that you provide a 
sufficient appropriation to enable our citizens to place on exhibition such products of the 
Territory as will properly represent the great riches of our mines and soil. 



APPENDIX D. 



179 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR B. F. POTTS. State action. 

Montana. 
January, 1 874. 

To the Legislative Assembly: 

I have the honor to submit for your information a letter from the Hon. Daniel J. Mor- 
rill, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the U. S. Centennial Commission, together 
with information for exhibitors, and a proclamation of the President of the United States 
announcing the time and place of holding the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufac- 
tures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the year 1876. 

I commend this subject to your most favorable consideration, and trust you will not hesi- 
tate to provide by appropriate legislation for giving the products of Montana a prominent 
place at said Exhibition. 

I suggest the appointment of a Board composed of some of the most influential citizens 
of the Territory, to aid in the collection of the products of the Territory, to be forwarded as 
early as the autumn of 1875 to Philadelphia. 

Respectfully, 

B. F. POTTS, Governor. 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR B. F. POTTS. 

January 5, 1874. 
To the Legislative Assembly : 

I desire to again call your attention to the importance of making an appropriation to 
defray the expenses of placing Montana on an equal footing with the other Territories at 
the Centennial Celebration in 1876. 

The question is with you whether Montana shall be known in the Celebration. If the 
resources of Montana are properly represented, it will do more to make her wealth known 
to the world, and attract capital and immigrants, than anything else that is in the power of 
the Legislature to do. I respectfully request that you take favorable action on the subject. 



CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF MONTANA. 
Approved February 13, 1874. 
Resolved, by the House of Representatives, the Council concurring, That the sum of five 
thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, bs, and the same is hereby, 
appropriated out of any moneys in the Territorial treasury, not otherwise appropriated, to 
defray the expense of packing and transporting such articles as in the judgment of the 
persons hereafter named are appropriate and worthy to be exhibited at the International 
Exhibition, to be held in the City of Philadelphia in 1876, and to defray the expenses of 
arranging such department as may be assigned to the Territory of Montana at said Exhi- 
bition by the managers thereof, and that the Territorial Auditor be, and is hereby, author- 
ized to draw his warrants on the Territorial Treasurer in favor of William H. Claggett, 
Patrick A. Largey, and Emma Bowen, or any one of them, upon the order of two of 
them, at such time or times as they may request, and in such sum or sums as they may 
desire, so that in the aggregate the foregoing sum is not exceeded, and the parties aforesaid 
occupying relations of trust in various capacities to said Exhibition and the connection of 
this Territory therewith, this resolution shall be interpreted and held to insure to the suc- 
cessors of the parties aforesaid, in said trust, or any of them, for the uses and purposes 
aforesaid. 



i8o 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



State acth 
Nebraska. 



NEBRASKA. 

EXTRACT FROM THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR 
R. W. FURNAS. 

January 10, 1873. 

Congress has provided for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American 
Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products 
of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876. Each State and Terri- 
tory of the Union will be expected to send its peculiar products, illustrating its resources, 
both developed and undeveloped, thus affording an opportunity of comparing their industrial 
condition and capabilities. The President of the United States has appointed two Com- 
missioners for each State. It will be incumbent upon the respective States themselves to 
provide means by which they will be properly represented. The undertaking commends 
itself to the support and sympathy of the American people, and I trust our State will be 
fully represented. To this end some suitable legislation would be appropriate. 



Nevada. 



NEVADA. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR L. R. BRADLEY. 

January 8, 1873. 

A law of Congress, approved June first, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, authorizes 
the organization of a Centennial Board of Finance, composed of members from the differ- 
ent States and Territories, apportioned according to their representation in Congress. Their 
duties are to raise by subscriptions to stock authorized by that law the sum of ten mil- 
lion dollars, for the purpose of carrying into effect a law approved March third, eighteen 
hundred and seventy-one, creating a Board of Centennial Commissioners, whose duties are 
to make all needful preparations for the celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of 
American Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, 
and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, 
in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

The quota of stock allotted to Nevada is eleven thousand and twenty dollars, which I 
earnestly hope may be subscribed by our citizens. This is not intended as a donation, but 
as a subscription to the stock above referred to. It is probable that the money subscribed 
will be fully reimbursed, and a fair rate of interest returned with the principal. 

It is sincerely to be wished that, whatever other States may do, the young State of 
Nevada may fully respond to the call made upon the patriotism of her citizens. 

I have nominated to the President of the United States for appointment as Commis- 
sioner and Alternate Commissioner to represent Nevada, Hon. William W. McCoy, of 
Lander County, and Hon. James W. Haines, of Douglas. Commissions to these gentle- 
men have been issued by the Department of State. 

The law creating the Centennial Board of Finance names for this State F. A. Tritle, of 
Storey, J. W. Haines, of Douglas, C. H. Eastman, of Washo, and B. H. Meder, of Ormsby. 
For Nevada, as Congressional District, Frank Tilford, of White Pine, and S. II. Wright, 
of Ormsby. To the above-named gentlemen is assigned the raising of Nevada's quota. 

This occasion will call together upon the day of our Centennial jubilee a greater number 
of persons than have ever assembled on this planet at any time in its known history. 



APPENDIX D. x8l 

ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEVADA. State action. 

i n r i o Nevada. 

Approved March 5, 1875. 

The people of the State of Nevada, 1'epresented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : 

Section i. The sum of twenty thousand dollars in United States gold coin, out of any 
money in the general fund of the State treasury, or which may hereafter be therein, is 
hereby taken out of said general fund and made into one to be known as the Centennial 
fund, and said fund shall be drawn upon for purposes in this Act specified, and none 
other. Expenditures of money from said fund shall be under the direction and control of 
the S'ate Board of Centennial Commissioners of this State, and shall be made for the 
securing, labeling, classifying, packing, and transportation of appropriate mineralogical 
specimens from this State for exhibition in the Centennial Exhibition, at Philadelphia, in 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Sec. 2. Said fund hereby created may be drawn upon by said State Board of Centen- 
nial Commissioners in advance of actual expenditure when made to appear to be necessary, 
upon application to and approval by the State Board of Examiners of this State, properly 
certified by said Board of Examiners to the State Controller, who shall thereupon draw his 
warrant for the amount on the State Treasurer, payable out of the Centennial fund in favor 
of the State Board of Centennial Commissioners, and the Treasurer shall pay the same ; 
Provided, that the State Board of Examiners shall, before certifying any such application, 
require of the State Board of Centennial Commissioners a good and sufficient bond, to be 
approved by the State Board of Examiners, for the faithful expenditure and accounting for, 
or the return to the State treasury of this State of all money so advanced therefrom. 

Sec. 3. All claims against this State for expenditures of moneys under the provision;- 
of this Act shall be certified by the Executive Committee of the said Board of Centennial 
Commissioners to the State Board of Examiners ; and the latter Board, if it approve, shall 
certify said claim or claims to the Controller of State. 

Sec. 4. When any advance is made, as in this Act provided for, the Controller of State 
shall charge the amount thereof to the State Board of Centennial Commissioners aforesaid. 

Sec. 5. When any claim against the State shall be presented, under the provisions of 
this Act, to the State Board of Examiners, it shall be specified thereon whether or not the 
same has been paid out of a previous advance of money made by the State, pursuant to this 
Act; and if it be a claim so paid, the Controller of State shall credit it against the previous 
charge or charges made, as provided in section four of this Act; and if it be a claim not so 
paid, he shall draw his warrant for the amount thereof, in favor of the claimant, on the 
State Treasurer, payable out of the Centennial Fund, and the Treasurer shall pay the sam-e- 

Sec. 6. The State Board of Centennial Commissioners may apply moneys appropriated 
by this Act for the purpose of erecting and having at said Centennial Exhibition a quartz- 
mill, to be operated at least one day in each week during said Centennial Exhibition, in the 
reduction of such ores as may be furnished by citizens of this State for that purpose. 

Sec. 7. Such mineralogical specimens as shall be exhibited from this State, pursuant to 
this Act, shall be donated by said Board of Centennial Commissioners, on behalf of this 
State, to the National Cabinet, at Philadelphia, at the close of said Centennial Exhibition. 

SEC. 8. Said Board of Centennial Commissioners shall make a full and detailed report 
and statement of their proceedings and expenditures, pursuant to this Act, to the Governor 
of this State, who shall transmit the same to the Legislature at the next regular session 
thereof. 

Sec. 9. Any part of the Centennial Fund created by this Act not expended as herein 
provided, shall revert to the General Fund of the State. 

Sec. 10. No officer of this State shall receive from the State any compensation for any 
service rendered or labor performed under the provisions of this Act. 



!8 2 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

New 

Hampshire. JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Approved July 14, 1 87 1. 
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened : That 
the Governor, with four other persons, to be appointed by the Governor, by and with the 
consent of the Council, shall be a Committee for the State of New Hampshire to co-oper- 
ate with Committees from other States upon the subject of the Centennial Celebration at 
Philadelphia, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, said Committee to 
stand until that time, and to report at each intervening Legislature, and make such sugges- 
tions and recommendations from time to time to the Legislature as they may think proper. 



JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Approved July 3, 1875. 
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened : That 
the sum of ten thousand dollars be appropriated out of any money in the treasury, to be 
expended by his Excellency the Governor and the Honorable Council at such times as they 
may think proper in the purchase of the stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, incor- 
porated by the Congress of the United States. 



JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Approved July 3, 1875. 
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Cozirt convened : That 
to enable the State of New Hampshire to participate in the Centennial Exhibition at Phila- 
delphia, in 1876, in a manner becoming one of the original thirteen States, and to make 
the necessary arrangements therefor, the sum of five thousand dollars, to be expended 
under the direction of the Centennial Committee of New Hampshire, be, and the same is 
hereby, appropriated for that purpose; and the Governor is hereby authorized to draw his 
warrant therefor. 



JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
Approved July 20, 1876. 
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives in Gejteral Court convened ; That 
his Excellency the Governor, by and with the advice of the Council, be, and hereby is, 
authorized to approve and pay such bills as in their judgment are judicious and reasonable 
for promoting the best interest of the State at the Centennial Exhibition, not to exceed 
fifteen hundred dollars ; and the same is hereby appropriated from any money not other- 
wise appropriated in the treasury. 



Jersey. NEW JERSEY. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOEL PARKER. 

January 13, 1874. 
In 1871 the Congress of the United States passed an Act providing for the celebration 
of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence. It was determined to 



APPENDIX D. 



I8 3 



celebrate the event in the city where the Declaration of Independence was signed, by an State action. 
International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and the Products of the Soil and Mine. New Jersey. 
Soon after the passage of the Act above referred to, a corporate body called the " United 
States Centennial Commission," consisting of representatives from each State and Territory, 
was organized, charged with the duty of maturing a plan, and selecting a site for the Exhi- 
bition. 

In 1872 the "Centennial Board of Finance" was incorporated. The members of that 
body in the various States and Territories were to procure subscriptions to capital stock, 
amounting in all to ten millions of dollars, with which it was designed to erect buildings 
and conduct the Exhibition on a scale of magnificence and grandeur becoming a great nation, 
and the importance of the event to be commemorated. The New Jersey Corporators held 
several meetings, appointed agents to procure subscriptions, and issued an address to the 
people explaining the object, and urging subscriptions to the stock allotted as the just pro- 
portion of this Commonwealth. I regret to be obliged to state that the response anticipated 
has not been made to that appeal. 

In the mean time Congress enacted that whenever the President of the United States 
should be informed by the Governor of the State of Pennsylvania that provision had been 
made for the erection of suitable buildings, and for the exclusive control of the Exhibition 
by the United States Centennial Commission, he should make proclamation of the same, 
setting forth the time and place when and where the Exhibition would open, and that he 
should communicate to the diplomatic representatives of all nations copies of his proclama- 
tion, with such regulations as might be adopted by the Commissioners, for publication in 
their respective countries. On the 24th day of June last the Governor of Pennsylvania, 
upon certificate on behalf of the Centennial Commission and the Finance Committee to the 
effect that such provision had been made, so informed the President of the United States, 
and on the third day of July the President officially proclaimed that the Exhibition would 
be held in the City of Philadelphia, to be opened on the 19th day of April, Anno Domini 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and closed on the 19th day of October of the same year, 
and in behalf of this Government and people commended the Celebration and Exhibition 
to all nations. 

From the above brief recital of the initial steps that have been taken, it will be ob- 
served that the Government and people of the United States are committed to the success 
of the Exhibition. Should it fail, the country would be disgraced in the eyes of the civil- 
ized world, and every American citizen would feel humiliated. It is time that the people 
should be made to understand and realize that the success or failure of the Centennial 
Exhibition depends upon present action. The arrangements for so grand an enterprise on 
so extensive a scale cannot be made in a day, a month, or a year. It is not wise for us to 
shut our eyes to the fact that the plan inaugurated by Congress to raise the necessary funds 
has not succeeded as was hoped, and that something must speedily be done to insure that 
result. It is true that the people of Pennsylvania, especially in the City of Philadelphia, 
have responded nobly with material aid. It was through the liberality of the authorities 
and citizens of Philadelphia that the President of the United States was able to announce 
that the Exhibition would be held, but that announcement was based upon the expectation 
that the people of other sections of the country would add to their generous contributions. 
Only a sufficient sum was subscribed to justify the commencement of the great work, and 
it was not supposed that it would be left to one city or one State to complete it. 

I am satisfied that the failure of the people of New Jersey thus far to take an active 
part in promoting the success of the Exhibition has resulted in a great degree from an 
impression that the time for action had not come. Surely Jerseymen cannot be indifferent 
to the object. No State in the Union sacrificed more to maintain the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence than New Jersey, and none has derived greater benefits from the institutions 
founded upon that instrument. She gave to the cause of liberty her blood, her wisdom, 
and her treasure. She was the highway of contending armies throughout the Revolutionary 



1 84 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State anion, war. There is scarcely an acre of soil within her borders that was not trod by the foot of 
New Jersey. tfie invader. There was scarcely a family that did not mourn its heroic dead, who fell that 
the Declaration might remain a living power for the diffusion of free principles throughout 
the world in all coming time. The descendants of Revolutionary sires certainly do not 
need urging in such a cause. As soon as they realize the magnitude of the undertaking, 
and that what is to be done must be done quickly, they will contribute their full share 
toward its accomplishment. 

It will, however, take time to obtain subscriptions and collect funds from the people, 
and it is evident that the plan devised by Congress, already so long delayed in execution, 
will not alone produce the required amount soon enough to answer the purposes of the 
Centennial Commission. To secure such an exhibition as the occasion demands the General 
Government must at once appropriate a sum of money sufficiently large to enable the Com- 
missioners to proceed promptly and actively to carry forward their plans for the construction 
of the necessary buildings, trusting to the States and to the people to supplement the amount 
until the requisite sum be obtained. Congress inaugurated the movement under national 
auspices, and the President of the United States has announced to all nations that the Ex- 
hibition will be held; the people desire that it shall be held, and they expect Congress to 
make such provision as will not only insure it against possibility of failure, but render it at 
least equal to any international exhibition that has been held in any part of the world. To 
that end I recommend the passage of resolutions requesting the Senators and Representatives 
in Congress from this State to favor and vote for such appropriation. 

I also recommend the passage of an Act giving authority for the appointment of five 
" State Centennial Managers," who, with the United States Commissioner for this State 
and the Alternate Commissioner, shall constitute a State Board of Centennial Managers to 
provide for the arrangement of preliminaries, give information to the people so as to secure 
a thorough representation of the State in the Exhibition, apportion space among exhibitors, 
and supervise generally the New Jersey department. An appropriation should be made 
to cover the incidental expenses of such Board of Managers. The State Geologist should 
also be authorized and instructed to collect and arrange the minerals of the State for exhi- 
bition. Resolutions should be passed commending the object to the people, requesting 
them to subscribe for stock, and recommending the holding of meetings in every part of 
the State to insure a full exposition of our varied manufactures and products. 

The way proposed is the proper one to celebrate the Centennial year of American 
Independence. Mere military parades and illuminations would not be sufficient. The true 
method is to hold a grand international exhibition, and give to all the nations of the 
earth ocular demonstration of what a hundred years of republican government has here 
done to develop art, science, and skilled labor. 

It is also proper that the great celebration should commence on the anniversary of the 
first battle of the Revolution, of Lexington, and close on the anniversary of the final victory 
at Yorktown. 

It is most fitting that the nation should hold its Centennial in the city of its birth, where 
the great chart of freedom was prepared, signed, and promulgated. There the representa- 
tives of every State and Territory will meet around the altar at which their forefathers 
met, renew their allegiance, and in the presence of all nations rejoice that they still have a 
united country. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW JERSEY. 

Approved March 5, 1874. 
An Act relating to the Centennial Celebration of American Independence. 
Whereas, It is proposed by the people and Government of the United States that the 
Centennial Anniversary of American Independence shall be celebrated by a great Inter- 



APPENDIX D. 185 

national Exhibition, to be held in Philadelphia, with the view of exhibiting to the world the state action, 
progress made by the Republic in one hundred years ; And whereas, by an Act of Con- New Jersey 
gress approved June first, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, a Centennial Board 
of Finance was created for the purpose of procuring the funds necessary to erect buildings 
and meet the expenses of the Exhibition ; And whereas, the said proposed Exhibition being 
entirely national in its character, and for the equal benefit of the whole Union, and intended 
to celebrate and commemorate that great, memorable, and decisive event, the declaration 
of our independence as a nation, it is but right and proper that it should be celebrated in 
a manner commensurate with our character and greatness as a people and a nation, and 
that all the means necessary to properly inaugurate it should be promptly provided ; there- 
fore, admitting these facts, and recognizing the obligation and duty that rests upon this 
State to do its part in providing the means necessary to enable the Centennial Board of 
Finance to proceed with the work, 

1. Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, That 
the Governor, Comptroller, and Treasurer be, and they are hereby, authorized and directed 
in behalf of, and in the name of the State of New Jersey, to subscribe for ten thousand 
shares of the Centennial stock, at the par value of ten dollars each, which stock, as soon 
as issued by the Centennial Board of Finance, shall become the property of the State, and 
be held by the Treasurer for the use and benefit of the State. 

2. And be it enacted, That the Treasurer of the State is hereby directed to pay out of 
any funds in the treasury the installments upon such stock so subscribed, as the same may 
become due and payable, — that is to say, twenty per cent, thereof on the 1st day of April 
next, and twenty per cent, thereof every three months thereafter, until the whole of the said 
stock so subscribed for shall be fully paid ; Provided, that no part of the money appropriated 
by this Act shall be paid until sufficient money shall be subscribed or appropriated either by 
the national Government, the States, by corporations or individuals, or by all combined, to 
make the proposed Exhibition, in the opinion of the Governor, Comptroller, and Treasurer, 
a success as a national Exhibition. And provided further, that if in the judgment of the 
Governor, Comptroller, and Treasurer the success of the Exhibition shall not be assured 
before the 1st day of April of the present year, that then in that event the first installment 
of twenty per cent, on the said stock shall be paid on the first day of the next month after 
such assurance shall be attained, and the remaining installments thereof every three months 
thereafter until the whole shall be paid. 

Approved March 5, 1874. 



EXTRACT FROM THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR JOSEPH 

D. BEDLE. 

January 19, 1875. 

The people ought not to overlook the importance of securing to our State a representa- 
tion in the National Centennial commensurate with her dignity, her history, and growth; 
and to encourage and arrange for it, it is desirable that provision be made at this session 
for the appointment of a suitable Commission. New Jersey was among the foremost in the 
great work of independence, and her valor, her struggles, and her battle-fields have made 
her renowned. No State has had a more varied or substantial development. By none is 
she excelled in her industries, her agriculture, her internal commerce, her mines devel- 
oped, her homes, her institutions of learning and charity, her system of laws, or her pa- 
triotism, virtue, and intelligence ; and in none should there be greater ardor and voluntary 
effort by her citizens to give success anl character to the great celebration of the century. 



1 86 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW JERSEY. 

New Jersey. 

Approved April 8, 1875. 

An Act to authorize the appointment of a Centennial Board for this State, and to define 

its duties. 

1. Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assenddy of the State of Neiv Jersey, That 
there shall be appointed for this State, on nomination by the Governor, to be confirmed by 
the Senate, seven persons, who shall be residents of the State, who, with the (Jnited States 
Centennial Commissioner and Alternate from New Jersey, shall constitute " The New 
Jersey Centennial Board." 

2. And be it enacted, That it shall be the duty of " The New Jersey State Centennial 
Board" to co-operate with the United States Centennial Commission in encouraging and 
forwarding the objects of the International Exhibition of eighteen hundred and seventy-six, 
authorized by the Congress of the United States, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, and 
especially to organize, prepare, superintend, and have the general management of the New 
Jersey department of the said Centennial Exhibition. 

3. And be it enacted, That to accomplish the objects stated in the next preceding sec- 
tion it shall be the duty of "The New Jersey State Centennial Board" to disseminate 
throughout this State information regarding said proposed Exhibition ; to take measures to 
secure the co-operation of scientific, agricultural, mechanical, manufacturing, and other asso- 
ciations in the several counties ; to appoint co-operative local committees (where the people 
of the locality do not appoint) representing the respective industries of the State; to stimu- 
late local action designed to make the New Jersey department of the Exhibition worthy 
the State ; to encourage the production of articles suitable for exhibition ; to render assist- 
ance in furthering the finance and other interests of the Exhibition, and furnishing informa- 
tion to the United States Centennial Commissionand to the people of the State on all subjects 
connected with the success thereof. 

4. And be it enacted, That the said Board shall continue until such time after the close 
of the said Exhibition as will be necessary to complete and settle the business connected 
therewith, not later than the first day of January, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and 
seventy-seven. 

5. And be it enacted, That the members of said Board shall not receive any compensa- 
tion for their services. 

6. And be it enacted, That to pay the necessary expenses attending and consequent upon 
the discharge of their duties, and to enable the State Geologist to prepare and arrange for 
exhibition specimens of the minerals of the State and other articles belonging to his de- 
partment, and for such aid and assistance as shall be necessary to carry out the objects of 
this Act, there be hereby appropriated the sum of ten thousand dollars, and that out of the 
same there shall be paid so much as shall be necessary to defray the expenses as aforesaid, 
to be paid by the Treasurer of the State upon the warrant of the Comptroller upon being 
certified by the President of said Board, — the whole amount paid not to exceed ten thou- 
sand dollars. 

7. And be it enacted, That this Act shall take effect immediately. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOSEPH D. BEDLE. 

January II, 1876. 

The Commissioners have been very diligent in providing for a proper representation of 
the State at the Centennial in Philadelphia. No State will reap a more durable benefit 
from the Exhibition than this. The appropriation of last session is inadequate to meet 



APPENDIX D. 



I 8/ 



their necessary expenditures; considerable of it will be consumed in the work of the Geo- State action, 
logical Board, in gathering and preparing its mineral and other specimens. These will be New J erse y- 
of permanent advantage after the Exhibition, as it is intended to arrange and preserve them 
in the State-house. The Commissioners, alike with those of several other States, are erect- 
ing a building for the common use of the people of this State on the Centennial grounds. 
Such accommodation will be indispensable in the very nature of things, considering how 
many from this State, by reason of its" proximity, will visit the Exhibition. I recommend a 
further appropriation to enable the Commissioners to complete their duties under the law, 
and the construction of the building. 

This year is not only the one hundredth of the nation, but of our constitutional existence 
as a State. The Constitution under which we lived and grew in strength until 1844, was 
adopted July 2, 1776. Surely, we cannot fail to appropriately mark a period like this in 
our history. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW JERSEY. 

Approved February 15, 1876. 

Supplement to AN Act entitled "An Act to atithorize the appointment of a Centennial 
Board for this State, and to define its duties." Approved April eighth, eighteen hun- 
dred and seventy-five. 

1. Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, That 
for the purposes contemplated in the Act to which this is a supplement, the further sum ot 
ten thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, to be paid by the Treasurer of this State, upon 
the warrant of the Comptroller, certified by the President of the said Board of Commissioners. 

2. And be it enacted, That this Act shall take effect immediately. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW JERSEY. 

Approved March 15, 1876. 

An Act to secure a representation of the educational interests of New Jersey at the Centen- 
nial Exhibition. 

1. Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, That 
it shall be the duty of the State Board of Education to secure a proper exhibit of the edu- 
cational interests of this State at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. 

2. And be it enacted, That for the purpose of defraying the expenses incurred in securing 
said exhibit, a sufficient sum, not to exceed four thousand dollars, is hereby appropriated, to 
be paid by the Treasurer of the State, on warrant of the Comptroller, upon being certified 
by the President and Secretary of said Board. 

3. And be it enacted, That this Act shall go into effect immediately. 



NEW MEXICO. New Mexico 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR SAMUEL B. AXTELL. 

December 6, 1875. 
It is proper to call your attention to the Centennial anniversary of our existence as a 
nation, and to the Exhibition of the world's industries in connection with it at Philadelphia 
next year. It is certainly desirable that New Mexico be properly presented there. We are 



1 88 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State acton. rich in minerals, and samples of our grains Mould attest the richness of the soil of New 
New Mexico. Mexico; our wines would show us to be a grave-growing country, and many curious and 
ingeniously wrought fabrics would show our skill and industry. The various officers, both 
Territorial and county, connected with the Exhibition, are exerting themselves to their 
utmost to make these collections; it remains with you to provide the means for their trans- 
portation. I do not know what amount will be needed, but we are no longer poor, and can 
well afford to stand honorably by the side of our sister States and Territories in the world- 
renowned Exhibition. 



New York. NEW YORK. 

CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW YORK. 

Passed April 21, 1 871. 

CONCURRENT Resolution relative to Centennial celebration of the independence of the. 

United States at the City of Philadelphia. 

Resolved (if the Senate concur), That John T. Hoffman, Governor of this State, and 

three persons to be appointed by him, the Hon. Allen C. Eeach, Lieutenant-Governor, and 

five members of the Senate to be appointed by him, the Hen. William Hitchman (the 

Speaker of this House), and seven members of the Assembly to be appointed by him, shall 

be a Committee of the Slate of New York to co-operate with Committees of other States 

upon the subject of the Centennial celebration of the independence of the United States, 

to be held at the City of Philadelphia in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six ; and 

said Committee t*hus appointed to act until the end of such celebration. They are hereby 

required to report to each intervening Legislature, and make such •recommendations and 

suggestions to the Legislature from time to time as they may think proper and expedient in 

reference to said Centennial celebration. The said Committee thus appointed shall bear 

and pay its own expenses, so. that no charge for the same shall be made against the State. 

State of New York. 
In Assembly, April 21, 187 1. 
The foregoing resolution was duly passed. 

By order of the Assembly. 

C. W. ARMSTRONG, Clerk. 

State of New York. 
In Senate, April 21, 187 1. 
The foregoing i-esolution was duly passed. 

By order of the Senate. 

HIRAM CALKINS, Clerk. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN A. DIX. 

January 6, 1 874. 

On the 3d March, 1871, the Congress of the United States passed an Act to provide for 
celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an In- 
ternational Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the 
City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876. 

The Act provided for the appointment of a Commissioner and an Alternate Com- 
missioner from each State and Territory, to constitute a Commission, which was required to 
hold its meetings in the City of Philadelphia, and to repoit to Congress a plan for carrying 
out the object of the Act. 



APPENDIX D. 



189 



Preliminary measures have been already adopted for the purpose, and the President of state actior 
the United States has issued his proclamation commending the Celebration and Exhibition New York, 
to the people of the United States and to all nations who may be pleased to take part in 
them. 

It is now recommended by the Centennial Commission that each State and Territory 
appoint a Board of Managers, not exceeding five in number, for the purpose of organizing 
their respective States and Territories, and of securing a thorough representation of the 
products of industry of each in the Exhibition. 

Several of the States have entered with earnestness upon the work, and it is greatly to 
be desired that it should be carried out in a manner which will be creditable to the country. 
In order that the products of our own industry may be advantageously exhibited, a State 
Board seems to be indispensable. It is not proposed that the members should have any 
compensation, and it is not doubted that gentlemen can be found who will undertake the 
service for the purpose of insuring a proper representation of the State at an Exhibition in 
which our States and Territories and foreign countries will take part. But it ought not to 
be expected that they should do more than pay their own personal expenses. The laboi 
of preparing and managing the exhibits of the States is very great, and cannot be per- 
formed without the aid of a secretary and clerk, and without incurring expenditures for 
the rent of an office and some incidental objects. These expenditures must be borne by 
the State if such a Board is created. The amount need not exceed seven or eight thousand 
dollars a year for the term of two years from the Fourth of July next. 



CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW YORK. 

Passed April 30, 1874. 

Concurrent Resolution authorizing the Govej-tior to appoint Commissioners to represent 
the State at the Cente/mial Exhibition. 

Whereas, His Excellency the Governor recommends, in his annual message, the appoint- 
ment of a Board of Commissioners to represent this State and its industrial and other interests 
in the Centennial Exhibition soon to be held in the City of Philadelphia ; and 

Whereas, The Managers of said Exhibition advise that each State shall select a Com- 
mission, not exceeding five in number, for the purpose of organizing their respective States 
and securing a suitable representation of the same in the Exhibition ; therefore, be it 

Rexolved (if the Senate concur), That the Governor be, and he is hereby, authorized to 
appoint five citizens to be Commissioners, who shall represent the State of New York in all 
matters connected with or pertaining to the Centennial Exhibition. The said Commissioners 
to receive no compensation for their services or expenses. In addition to the Commissioners 
herein provided, the Commissioners and Alternates appointed by the President of the United 
States for the State at large shall be included in the Commission herewith created. 



The foregoing resolution was duly passed. 

By order. 



The foregoing resolution was duly passed. 

By order. 



State of New York. 
In Assembly, February 18, 1874. 

JOHN O'DONNELL, Clerk. 

State of New York. 
In Senate, April 30, 1874. 

HENRY A. GLIDDEN, Clerk. 



I90 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR SAMUEL J. TILDEN. 

New York. 

State of New York. 
Executive Chamber, Albany, April 2, 1875. 
To the Legislature: 

I have the honor to transmit herewith a memorial of the New York Historical Society, 
praying that it may be charged with the preparation of a memorial volume exhibiting the 
progress of the State during the past century, for the purposes of the Centennial Exhibition 
at Philadelphia. 

(Signed) SAMUEL J. TILDEN. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW YORK. 

Passed June 7, 1875 ; by a two-thirds vote. 

An Act authorizing the appointment of Centennial Commissioners. 

The people of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : 

Section i. The Governor is hereby authorized to appoint seven citizens of the State 
of New York, to serve without pay, who shall constitute a State Centennial Board for the 
State of New York, who, co-operating with the Centennial Commission, appointed by the 
President of the United States, in pursuance of the provisions of an Act of Congress in 
relation t o the holding of an International Exhibition in commemoration of the one hun- 
dredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, approved March third, eighteen 
hundred and seventy-one, and as far as practicable conforming to its general rules and regu- 
lations, shall adopt measures to promote, perfect, and forward a complete representation of 
the arts, manufactures, and other productions of this State, to be displayed in said Inter- 
national Exhibition. 

Sec. 2. The sum of twenty-five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, or so much 
thereof as may be necessary, to pay the proper expenses incident to the performance of the 
duties imposed upon said Board. 

Sec. 3. All laws heretofore passed relating to this subject are hereby repealed. 

Sec. 4. This Act shall take effect immediately. 

State of New York, 

Office of the Secretary of State, 

I have compared the preceding with the original law on file in this office, and do hereby 

certify that the same is a correct transcript therefrom and of the whole of said original law. 

DIEDRICH WILLERS, Jr., Secretary of State. 



EXTRACT FROM AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW YORK. 

1876. 

APPROPRIATION made by the Legislature of the State of New York, and included in chap- 
ter jgj of the laws of 1876, entitled " An Act making appropriations for certain expenses 
of Government and supplying deficiencies in former appropriations." 
For the State Centennial Board appointed in pursuance of chapter five hundred and 
twenty-five of the laws of eighteen hundred and seventy-five, the sum of eight thousand 
dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary to be expended by said Board in providing 
for the exhibition of the products of the Dairymen's Association of this State, under the 
direction of the Executive Committee of said Association at the national Centennial Exhi- 
bition at Philadelphia, and for the expenses attending the same; but no part of said sum 
shall be paid for the personal expenses or services of said Executive Committee. 



APPENDIX D. l g l 

NORTH CAROLINA. State action. 

North 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR TOD R. CALDWELL. 
October 30, 1873. 
To the Honorable the General Assembly: 

I have the honor to transmit herewith for your consideration a communication from the 
Hon. Daniel J. Morrell, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the United States Cen- 
tennial Commission, to be held in the City of Philadelphia on the 4th July, 1876. 

In transmitting the communication, together with accompanying papers, it affords me 
pleasure, as a North Carolinian and a son of one of the original thirteen colonies, whose 
services were so conspicuous in the memorable struggle of the Revolutionary war, by which 
our country was declared to be a free and independent nation, to ask your favorable aid in 
rendering the Centennial Celebration, commemorative of the heroic exploits of our fore- 
fathers and the subsequent grandeur of our country, a success, to which we and our pos- 
terity may for all time revert with feelings of pleasure and pride. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

TOD R. CALDWELL, Governor. 



Carolina. 



RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
Ratified March 22, 1875. 

Whereas, On the fourth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, the 
Centennial of American Independence will be celebrated in Philadelphia, where the great 
Declaration was made; And whereas, it is proposed at that time to gather up the industries 
of the States and to show their resources to a world assembled ; And whereas, at this most 
proper time to bury the animosity of past years, and in brotherly kindness to commence the 
march of another century, North Carolina, present at the birth, ought not to be absent from 
the manhood festival of American freedom ; therefore, 

Be it resolved by the General Assembly of North Carolina, That our State ought to be 
represented in the Centennial Celebration, to be held at Philadelphia, in the persons of her 
sons and daughters, and in the exhibition of her resources, her products, and her manufac- 
tures. That we recommend to the people to fill up the North Carolina department in this 
great Exhibition with a bountiful supply of, and varied products, and go themselves to this 
peaceful reunion of a reconciled people, and assist in the opening of a new century of 
prosperity and peace. 



OHIO. owo. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR EDWARD F. NOYES. 

January 5, 1874. 
It having been decided to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of our National 
Independence by a grand exhibition of the industry and resources of the country, it is 
desirable that provision for this* important event be made upon a scale commensurate with 
the dignity of the occasion. Foreign nations are already signifying their acceptance of the 
invitation of our Government, while exhibitors in this and other countries are applying for 
necessary space. To make the Exhibition such a success as shall present our young Repub- 
lic to the Governments of the Old World in the most favorable light, — such a display as shall 
attract the attention and command the admiration of the whole civilized world, — a large 



1 92 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1S76. 

State act. on. amount of money will be required. In order to raise the necessary funds, and for other 
purposes, the Centennial Commission appeals to the patriotic impulses and generous spirit 
of all our people. Certainly no State in the Union has greater cause for gratitude and pride 
than Ohio, with her three million inhabitants and her abounding wealth. It is hoped the 
rich and the poor alike, each according to his means, will contribute something toward car- 
rying out the designs of the Commission. To facilitate this, Hon. A. T. Goshorn, Director- 
General of the Centennial, a citizen of our own State, asks for the appointment of State 
Boards to co-operate with the National Board of Commissioners. 

I would, therefore, earnestly recommend that provision be made for appointment, by 
my successor, of such State Board, and that an appropriation of five thousand dollars be 
made to defray the expenses thereof, including the cost of travel, postage, clerk hire, etc. 
I am convinced this is the least sum which will answer the purpose. 

It is hoped Ohio will not be behind her sister States in the manifestation of her 
patriotism. 



ACT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 
Passed February 18, 1874. 
An Act to establish a State Board of Centennial Managers. 

Whereas, Congress did provide, by an Act entitled "An Act to provide for celebrating 
the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an International 
Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Phila- 
delphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," approved 
March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, for the appointment of Commissioners to 
promote and control the exhibition of the national resources and their development, and the 
nation's progress in arts which benefit mankind, and to suggest and direct appropriate cere- 
monies by which the people of the United States may commemorate that memorable and 
decisive event, the Declaration of American Independence by the Congress of the United 
Colonies, assembled in the City of Philadelphia, on the fourth day of July, Anno Domini 
seventeen hundred and seventy-six ; and 

Whereas, The United States Centennial Commissioners, organized under said Act, have 
recommended the immediate formation of State and Territorial representatives, to act with 
their Commissioner and Alternate as a State Board of Centennial Managers for each State 
and Territory, upon whom shall devolve the responsibility of organizing the State, and 
securing its thorough representation in the Exhibition, in accordance with the rules and 
regulations for exhibitors adopted by the said Commission ; therefore, 

Section I. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio : That the Gov- 
ernor is hereby authorized and empowered to appoint five suitable persons, familiar with 
the resources, arts, products, and capabilities of the State, who, with the United States Cen- 
tennial Commissioner and Alternate of this State, shall constitute and be the State Board 
of Centennial Managers for the State of Ohio. 

Sec. 2. That upon said State Board of Centennial Managers so constituted shall devolve 
the responsibility of organizing the State, and of securing its thorough representation in the 
International Exhibition of 1876. It shall also have special charge of the interests of this 
State and the citizens thereof in matters relating to the Exhibition ; shall obtain and dis- 
seminate information through the State in regard to the Exhibition ; and generally to super- 
vise such other details relating to the representation of the industries and products of this 
State as may from time to time be delegated to it under the rules and regulations adopted 
by the United States Centennial Commission. 

Sec. 3. That said State Board of Centennial Managers shall, immediately after their 
appointment, organize, by electing from its own number a President, Secretary, and Treas- 
urer, whose term of office shall be one year, and until their successors shall be duly quali- 



APPENDIX D. jq, 

fied, and adopt such by-laws, rules, and regulations for its own government, and for the State action, 
government of its officers, as may be deemed expedient ; Provided, the same shall not be 0ni °- 
inconsistent with any laws of this State or the rules and regulations adopted, or which may 
hereafter be adopted, by the United States Centennial Commission ; Provided further, the 
said Centennial Managers shall receive no compensation for their personal or official 
services. 

Sec. 4. The said State Board of Centennial Managers shall make a report to each 
session of the Legislature of its operations, and such other matters in relation to the Exhi- 
bition as may be deemed of general interest ; and the sum of five thousand dollars is 
hereby appropriated for the expenses of said Board, to be paid on warrants drawn by the 
President of the Board, under resolution thereof, on the Treasurer, attested by him, and 
approved by the Governor ; and the State Treasurer is hereby directed to pay the same on 
said orders so drawn, attested, and approved, out of any money belonging to the general 
revenue fund not otherwise appropriated. And said Board shall make no expenditure and 
contract no obligation in excess of the amount herein appropriated. 

Sec. 5. This Act shall take effect on its passage. 

GEO. L. CONVERSE, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
ALPHONSO HART, President of the Senate. 
Passed February 18, 1874. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM ALLEN. 

December 1, 1874. 
In pursuance of the Act of February 18, 1874, creating a State Board of Centennial 
Managers, five eminent citizens of Ohio were appointed to constitute the Commission. 
They have completed their organization and entered upon the discharge of the duties 
assigned to them. 



EXTRACT FROM AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF OHIO. 

Passed March 30, 1 875. 

An Act making Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 18J5 and First Quarter of the 

Fiscal Year 1876. 
For Centennial Managers : 

To pay expenses of the Board of Centennial Managers, to be paid on warrants drawn 
by the President of the Board under resolution thereof on the Treasurer, attested by him, 
and approved by the Governor, and the Auditor of State is hereby directed to draw his 
warrant on the State Treasurer for the payment of the same on orders so drawn, attested 
and approved, seven thousand five hundred dollars ; and said Board shall make no expendi- 
ture and contract no obligation in excess of the amount appropriated for its use. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR WILLIAM ALLEN. 

January 3, 1 876. 
We have now entered upon the Centennial year of our national existence. The efforts 
which have been made to insure a proper celebration of the important events at the city of 
the nation's birth have been crowned with great success. The principal nations of the 
world have signified their intention to participate, through their representatives at the 
national capital, and the President of the United States, in his recent message, has recom- 
mended to Congress that it more fully invest it with national significance. 

The different States of the Union are vying with each other in friendly and patriotic 

13 



94 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION 7876. 



State action. rivalry in the effort to make a creditable exhibition of their growth and resources ; and 
Ohio, the third in population and wealth, and the equal cf any in its natural resources, 
should not lack in appreciation of the interesting event, or lag in its efforts to make such 
an exhibition as will give it its proper place in the rank of States. 

Our efficient Board of State Centennial Managers have been laboring with great energy, 
and are cheered by the belief that their efforts have been successful in creating an interest 
which will insure such a representation as will be a matter of pride to every citizen of the 
State. I respectfully recommend that you grant them such reasonable aid as they may 
require, to complete their arrangements and secure the success of their labor. 



EXTRACT FROM THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR RUTHER- 
FORD B. HAYES. 
January 10, 1876. 

Agreeing generally with the sentiments of Governor Allen's recent message, I desire 
especially to concur in what is said on the subject of the national Centennial celebration. 

No community in the world has been permitted by Providence to enjoy more largely 
the blessings conferred on mankind by the great event of 1776 than the people of Ohio. 
Ohio and her interests had no existence a hundred years ago. They are the growth of 
less than a century. The people naturally wish that their State, and her history and her 
advantages, should be widely known. No other such opportunity for their exhibition will 
probably occur for several generations. 



EXTRACT FROM AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF OHIO. 

1876. 

An Act making Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 1876, etc. 

For the State Board of Centennial Managers : 

To pay the expenses of the State Board of Centennial Managers, thirty-three thousand 
dollars (and said Board shall make no expenditure and contract no obligation in excess of 
the amount appropriated herein for its use), to be paid upon certificates drawn by the Presi- 
dent of the Board under resolution thereof upon the Treasurer of the Board, attested by 
the said Treasurer and approved by the Governor ; Provided, that there shall be expended 
from the above sum not exceeding eight thousand dollars under direction of said Board, 
for the preparation of a full exposition of the school system of Ohio, and a history of the 
benevolent, penal, and reformatory institutions of the State, as well as of similar institutions 
supported by counties or cities, and the State shall own all books bound or published fiom 
the proceeds of this appropriation and the manuscripts thereof, and shall have the sole 
right to apply for and dispose of the copyrights of the same. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR RUTHERFORD B. 

HAYES. 

January 2, 1877. 
The Board of Centennial Managers have completed the work intrusted to them, and it 
is a satisfaction to know that the part taken by the people of Ohio in the National Exhibi- 
tion at Philadelphia was highly creditable to the State. The appropriations made by the 
General Assembly have been carefully and economically expended, and when the affairs of 
the Board are closed up, a balance of several thousand dollars will be left unexpended. 
The entire number of Ohio exhibits was 1000, of which 250 received awards, a proportion 
larger than was obtained by any other State for the same class of articles. The jury on 



APPENDIX D. 



95 



collective State exhibits (individual exhibits not coming within the line of their duties) State action, 
recommended in their reports awards to Ohio as follows : 

1. For a State building on the Centennial grounds, of excellent design and workman- 
ship, constructed with materials exclusively from Ohio and by workmen from that State, 
and containing contributions of building-stone from nearly every quarry in the State, with 
glass made from Ohio sandstone. 

2. For a large collection, by the State Archaeological Society, of mound-builders' re- 
mains and other antiquities relating to prehistoric man. 

3. For a large collection of the vast mineral resources of the State, with their primary 
derivations, and especially from the Hanging Rock iron region, the Tuscarawas, Mahoning, 
Hocking Valley, and Perry County coal and iron regions, also including excellent specimens 
of salt and bromine. 

4. For a complete exhibition of the woods of the State. 

5. For an extensive exhibition of the cereals of the State. 

6. For a complete display of many varieties of fruits from 24 different counties. 

7. For an exceedingly interesting exhibition of the educational system of the State, 
embracing all departments of education. 

8. For a large, elaborate, and exceedingly valuable geological map of Ohio, with many 
excellent features deserving special commendation. 



OREGON. Oregon. 

ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF OREGON. 
Approved October 24, 1872. 
An Act to provide for paying the expenses of the Commissioner and Commissioner Substi- 
tute for the State of Oregon in attending the sittings of the United States Centennial 
Commission. 

Be it enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon, as follows : 
Section i. There shall be, and is hereby, set apart from any money in the State 
treasury, not otherwise appropriated, the sum of four thousand ($4000) dollars, to be used 
in defraying the expenses of the Commissioner and Commissioner Substitute for Oregon, in 
attending the sessions of the United States Centennial Commission during the years 1872 and 
1876 inclusive. 

Sec. 2. When the audited bills of the said Commissioners are presented, the Secretary 
of State shall draw warrants for the respective amounts in favor of said Commissioners. 
Such warrants shall be paid by the State Treasurer from the fund provided for in this Act ; 
Provided, that the aggregate amount paid in any one year shall not exceed one thousand 
($1000) dollars. 

Sec. 3. Whereas the Commissioner Substitute for Oregon has already attended one 
meeting of the United States Commission, at his own private expense, the Secretary of State 
is authorized to draw a warrant on the fund provided in this Act in favor of said Commis- 
sioner Substitute, when said Commissioner Substitute shall present his bill of expenses duly 
audited. 

Sec. 4. The Governor, Secretary of State, and Treasurer shall audit all claims on this 
fund by the Commissioner and Commissioner Substitute. 

Sec. 5. As there has been some expense incurred by the Commissioner, and a meeting 
of the Commission is shortly to take place, this Act shall take effect from and after its 
passage and approval by the Governor. 



ig6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR L. F. GROVER. 

Oregon. 

September, 1876. 

The grand Exhibition at Philadelphia, in commemoration of the one hundredth anni- 
versary of our national existence, to which the nations of the world have accepted an 
invitation to be present, has not been without significance to Oregon, nor without distinc- 
tion to her peerless products. 

Under the Act of Congress authorizing the President of the United States, on the nomi- 
nation of the Governors of the several States, to appoint, for each, a Commissioner and a 
Commissioner Alternate, to assume the general management of the Exhibition, I had the 
honor to nominate for Oregon James W. Virtue, of Baker County, as Commissioner, and 
Andrew J. Dufur, of Multnomah County, as Commissioner Alternate, who were duly 
appointed. The former having been so much engaged in private business as not to be able 
to attend the Exhibition, the duties of Commissioner have been devolved on the latter. And 
I take special pleasure in thus publicly commending the devoted manner and distinguished 
success with which these duties have been performed. 

No test of superiority in products can possibly be more satisfactory than an immediate 
comparison of such products in a general exhibition where the best of all countries are 
collected together. This opportunity for Oregon has occurred at Philadelphia, and, unless 
universal report is much mistaken, our Commissioner will leave the Exhibition with honors 
and premiums for several of the leading products of our generous soil. The occasion has 
added character to the State, and will greatly assist in adding population. The appropri- 
ation of $4000, made four years ago, to defray the expenses of the Commissioner in attend- 
ing the meetings of the General Board at Philadelphia, has now been exhausted. The 
articles placed on exhibition have been collected by the personal exertions of the Commis- 
sioner, aided by several other patriotic citizens, in a voluntary way, and limited sums of 
money have been subscribed by the citizens of Portland and other localities, in aid of the 
enterprise. 

But there exists a considerable margin of necessary expenses connected with the Exhi- 
bition, which have been assumed and paid by individuals, and by the Commissioner, which 
should be assumed and paid by the State. In addition to this, so honorable, useful, and 
successful services as have been rendered by the Commissioner at Philadelphia should not 
remain unremunerated. The assumption of these expenses by the State, and an allowance 
of a reasonable per diem compensation to the Commissioner, is especially recommended. 
Specific accounts in the premises will be laid before your honorable body. 

On the request of the Board of General Management, that the Governor of each State 
appoint one of its citizens to deliver, during the Exhibition at Philadelphia, an address, em- 
bodying the outlines of State history and an account of its geography, soil, climate, and re- 
sources, as a distinctive feature of the occasion, I appointed Hon. Henry H. Gilfry to speak 
on behalf of Oregon. The duty was performed with honor to the State and credit to him- 
self. This address will bj published among the permanent transactions of the Exhibition. 



Pennsylvania. PENNSYLVANIA. 

CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF REQUEST TO THE CONGRESS OF THE 

UNITED STATES. 

The following concurrent resolution was offered in the House of Representatives Feb- 
ruary 2, 1870, considered and agreed to, and it was ordered that the Clerk present the same 
to the Senate for concurrence : 



APPENDIX D. 



1 97 



In the House of Representatives, February 2, 1870. 

Whereas, The Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania has memorialized the 
Councils of the City of Philadelphia as follows : 
To the Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia : 

The Franklin Institute, of the State of Pennsylvania (the first founded of institutions 
of its kind in this country), being mindful of what may conduce to the credit and pros- 
perity of the city of its location, has resolved, throu h its Board of Managers, that it will 
be expedient to celebrate the Centennial Anniversary of our national existence by an Inter- 
national Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, to be held 
upon the grounds which it is hoped may be obtained within Fairmount Park for this purpose. 

It would seem eminently proper that such an Exhibition should be the form of celebra- 
tion selected, and that this city should be the spot chosen by the nation for a national 
celebration at that time. 

Here was written and given to the world that Declaration which called our nation into 
existence ; here the laws which guided its infancy first took shape ; here it began its march 
to benefit the human race. Under the same laws then established, and in the nation then 
created, all arts and sciences have progressed in an unparalleled degree, and it is believed 
that the form of celebration indicated would be emblematic of their progress. 

The historical relations alone of our city should entitle it to selection for such a cele- 
bration; but apart from the claim as the birthplace of our Government, its geographical 
position, its railroad and navigation facilities, and its abundant means of accommodation 
for large numbers of strangers, all add to its claim and fitness to be selected for such a 
purpose. 

In consequence of these considerations, the subscribers have been appointed a committee 
to bring the subject to your notice, and to request that your honorable bodies will memorial- 
ize Congress upon the subject, for the purpose of obtaining that aid which will make such 
an Exhibition truly international in its character. 

WM. SELLERS, 
F. FRALEY, 
COLEMAN SELLERS, 
ENOCH LEWIS, 
B. H. MOORE, Committee. 
And whereas, The said Councils have passed the following resolution : 

resolution to provide for the appropriate celebration of the centennial 
anniversary of american independence. 

Resolved by the Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia, That an Inter- 
national Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine would be an 
appropriate mode of celebration for the Centennial anniversary of our national existence. 

Resolved, That Philadelphia, from its accessibility, both domestic and foreign, from its 
ability to accommodate a large transient population, as well as provide ample ground con- 
venient of access, and from having been the original seat of the National Government, 
would be the most appropriate place for such an Exhibition. 

Resolved, That a joint special committee of nine from each chamber be appointed to 
present these resolutions to Congress, and to solicit legislation to further the object in view. 

And whereas, It would seem eminently proper that the State of Pennsylvania should 
use every effort to assist in obtaining from Congress the necessary action to insure said 
celebration being truly international, and held at our great metropolis, as above recited and 
contemplated ; therefore, 

Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Penn- 
sylvania in General Assembly met, That they hereby most heartily approve of and indorse 



State action. 
Pennsylva.ii 



!q8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action, the above-recited communication from the Franklin Institute and resolutions of the Councils 
Pennsylvania. of the Q{ty of Philadelphia; and in furtherance thereof, 

Resolved, That the Congress of the United States is hereby most respectfully requested 
and solicited to take such appropriate action as will carry into effect the " Celebration of 
the Centennial anniversary of American Independence," at the City of Philadelphia, in a 
great and truly international character, by an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Pro- 
ducts of the Soil and Mine as will fully demonstrate the rapid march of improvement. 

Resolved, That a joint committee of six be appointed to tender their official co-opera- 
tion with the committee appointed by the Councils of the City of Philadelphia in carrying 
out the purposes of said resolution. 

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions and preamble be forwarded to the Senate 
and House of Representatives of the United States, and also to the Select and Common 
Councils of the City of Philadelphia. 

[The above resolution was read in the Senate, referred to the Committee on Federal 
Relations, and having been considered and concurred in, was returned to the House of 
Representatives with amendments. The House of Representatives duly concurred with 
the Senate in its amendments, and Messrs. Johnston (Philadelphia), Adaire, and Schnat- 
terley were appointed as the committee aforesaid on the part of the House, whereupon 
Messrs. Henszey, Olmsted, and Buckalew were appointed on the part of the Senate.] 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN W. GEARY. 

Executive Chamber, Harrisburg, March 3, 1871. 
To the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of 

Pennsylvania : 

Gentlemen, — During the last session of the Legislature of this Commonwealth, a joint 
Committee visited Washington City to urge upon Congress the propriety of holding a 
National Industrial Exhibition at the City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876, in honor of the 
one hundredth anniversary of American Independence. In response to these solicitations, 
and like efforts by the city authorities of Philadelphia and the active co-operation of our 
Representatives in Congress, an Act has been passed by Congress giving to the proposed 
celebration the sanction and encouragement of the National Government, and a copy of 
that Act is herewith inclosed for information. The whole State of Pennsylvania will be 
honored and benefited by the holding of the Celebration and Exhibition within its borders. 
The great material wealth and industrial interests of every section of the Commonwealth 
will be brought prominently to the attention of the civilized world, and our farmers, 
mechanics, and artisans will be enabled to learn much from the opportunities thus afforded ; 
and our State will be specially honored in having public attention again directed to the 
conspicuous part she acted in the Revolutionary struggle for National Independence. 

Pennsylvanians who have labored to secure this favorable action of Congress, and 
Representatives in Congress from other States who generously conceded to this State and 
to Philadelphia this proud distinction, look to the Legislature now in session for such 
indorsement and pecuniary aid as the interest and character of the occasion demands. 
Public-spirited and patriotic men who will act as Commissioners are willing to give their 
time, labors, and influence to make the grand Exhibition a success, but they have a right to 
look to the State for such encouragement and appropriations as will defray the expenses 
necessarily incident to a proper and efficient discharge of the important duties devolving 
upon them. Gratified at what has been already done, impressed with the great importance 
of the movement, and desirous that the occasion shall be made one ever memorable in the 



APPENDIX D. 



I99 



history of the State and nation, I earnestly invoke the liberal and hearty co-operation of State action 
the Legislature. 

JOHN W. GEARY. 

[The foregoing message was transmitted to the Legislature on the 3d day of March, 
A.D. 1 87 1, and, with the accompanying copy of Act of Congress,* was read and referred to 
the Committees on Federal Relations.] 



JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
Approved March 8, 1871. 
Joint Resolution relative, to a Centennial Celebration at Philadelphia. 
Be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of 
Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, That the Governor and three persons to be ap- 
pointed by him, William A. Wallace and James H. Webb, Speakers of the Senate and 
House, with three members of each branch of the Legislature to be appointed by the Speakers 
of the Senate and House, respectively, shall be a Committee of the State of Pennsylvania 
to co-operate with Committees from other States and local Committees upon the subject of the 
Centennial Celebration at Philadelphia in one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six ; said 
Committee to stand until that time, and to report to each intervening Legislature, and make 
such suggestions and recommendations from time to time to the Legislature as they may 
ihink proper and expedient in reference to said Centennial Celebration. 

JAMES H. WEBB, Speaker of the Hotise of Representatives. 
WILLIAM A. WALLACE, Speaker of the Senate. 
Approved the eighth of March, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy- 
one. 

JNO. W. GEARY. 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN W. GEARY. 

Executive Chamber, Harrisburg, March 20, 1871. 

To the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives of the Com- 
monwealth of Pennsylvania: 

Gentlemen, — I have the honor to inform you that in compliance with the Joint Reso- 
lution, approved March 8, 187 1, providing for the organization of " a committee of the State 
of Pennsylvania to co-operate with other State and local committees upon the subject of the 
Centennial Celebration at Philadelphia," in the year 1876, 1 have appointed Colonel William 
Phillips, of Pittsburg, William T. Horstman, Esq., and Colonel William McMichael, of 
Philadelphia, as members of the Committee, in addition to those named in the Resolution. 
The Committee thus constructed has held preliminary meetings and made preparations to 
push forward vigorously the objects contemplated by the Legislature in their appointment. 
In order that they may have at command the necessary facilities for accomplishing the im- 
portant duties assigned them, I most respectfully suggest that a liberal appropriation be 
made to meet all requisite and indispensable expenses. 

JOHN W. GEARY. 

[The foregoing message was transmitted to the Legislature on the 21st day of March, 
A.D. 1 87 1, and read and referred to the Committee on Finance in the Senate, and laid on 
the table in the House of Representatives.] 

* For text of Act of Congress, see Appendix C, page 101. 



200 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Pennsylvania. 

April 6, 1 87 1. 

Whereas, The Select Joint Committee of the Virginia Legislature, appointed to confer 
with the authorities of Pennsylvania and of the City of Philadelphia relative to the Cen- 
tennial Celebration, will visit the Capitol after the adjournment of the Legislature to-day; 
therefore, 

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives, That the Joint Committee of the 
Legislature on the Centennial Celebration be instructed to receive the Committee of the 
Virginia Legislature, and express to them, on behalf of the General Assembly of Penn- 
sylvania, its appreciation of the prompt and patriotic action of Virginia in joining in the 
commemoration of the anniversary of American Independence. 

[The foregoing Concurrent Resolution, originating in the Senate April 6, 1871, was read, 
considered, and concurred in by the House of Representatives on the same day.] 



RESOLUTION OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF PENNSYL- 
VANIA. 
April 6, 1 87 1. 

Whereas, The Select Joint Committee of the Virginia Legislature, appointed to confer 
with the authorities of Pennsylvania and of the City of Philadelphia relative to the Cen- 
tennial Celebration, has visited the capital of the State ; therefore, be it 

Resolved, That the courtesies of this House are hereby extended to said Joint Com- 
mittee, and a committee of two be appointed by the Chair to wait upon the members of said 
Committee, and invite them to the privileges of the floor. 

[ Ordered, That Messrs. Reinochl and Boileau be the said Committee.] 



CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

May 3, 1871. 

Resolved (if the Senate concur), That there be three additional members of each House 
added to the Centenary Commission, appointed by the Speaker, to confer with other States 
on the subject of the Centenary anniversary to be holden in Philadelphia. 

[The foregoing concurrent resolution, having originated in and passed the House of 
Representatives May 3, 1871, was read, considered, and concurred in by the Senate on the 
same day.] 



EXTRACT FROM AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved May 27, 1871. 

An Act to provide for the ordinary expenses of the Government and other general and 
specific appropriations for the year Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy- one. 

* # ********* 

Section 662. * * * For the expenses of the Committee created under the Joint 

Resolution, approved March the eighth, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in 

relation to the Centennial Celebration at Philadelphia, one thousand eight hundred and 

seventy-six, five thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to be paid on 



APPENDIX D. 201 

warrants drawn by the Governor and attested by the Speakers of the Senate and House of State action. 
Representatives ; and the State Treasurer is hereby authorized and directed to pay the same Pennsylvania, 
on said orders. 

JAMES H. WEBB, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
WILLIAM A. WALLACE, Speaker of the Senate. 
Approved the 27th day of May, a.d. 1871. 

JNO. W. GEARY. 



RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Resolved (if the House of Representatives concur), That there be three additional mem- 
bers of each House added to the Centenary Commission, appointed to confer with other 
States on the subject of the Centenary anniversary, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, 
two members of each House to be appointed by the Speakers, and they, with the Speakers 
of the Senate and House of Representatives, shall constitute said additional members. 

[The foregoing resolution was agreed to in the Senate on March 8, 1872, and was read, 
considered, and concurred in by the House of Representatives, March 29, 1872.] 



JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved April 3, 1872. 
JOINT Resolution ratifying the appointment of additional members of the Senate and 
House of Representatives upon the Centenary Commission. 
Resolved by the Seriate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl- 
vania in General Assembly met, That the appointment of the Senators and members of the 
House of Representatives appointed under resolution of the House of May third, one 
thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, and of the Senate of May third, one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy-one, authorizing the appointment of additional members of the 
Centenary Commission, be and the same is hereby ratified and confirmed. 

WILLIAM ELLIOTT, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
JAMES S. RUTAN, Speaker of the Senate. 
Approved the third day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-two. 

JNO. W. GEARY. 

EXTRACT FROM AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved April 3, 1872. 

An Act to provide for the ordinary expenses of the Government and other general and 
specific appropriations for the year Anno Domini one thousand eight hmtdred and 
seventy-two. 

*■***■*■*-*•*■** ■* 

Section 59. * * * For the expenses and contingencies of the Committee on the 

Centennial Celebration, ten thousand dollars, to be paid on the certificate of the Governor 

of the Commonwealth. 

WILLIAM ELLIOTT, Speaker of the Hottse of Representatives. 
JAMES S. RUTAN, Speaker of the Senate. 
Approved the third day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy- 
two. 

JOHN W. GEARY. 



202 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN W. GEARY. 

Pennsylvania. 

January, 1873. 

On the fourth of July, 1876, the nation will have completed the first century of its 
existence. The design to celebrate that great event in a becoming manner doubtless com- 
mends itself alike to your intelligent appreciation of the blessings of liberty and independ- 
ence, and your highest sentiments of patriotic pride and gratitude. 

Already the preliminary steps of the design have been taken, and toward its happy 
realization the people of the entire country are looking with profound interest and pleasure. 
By a combination of circumstances, well known in history, in the metropolis of cur Stale 
the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed, and the Constitution subsequently adopted. 
That city has, therefore, very naturally been selected as the scene of the proposed Centen- 
nial Celebration and International Exhibition. 

A popular manifestation of this kind should correspond to the character of the event to 
be celebrated. It Mali be the first Centennial celebration of our national existence, — the 
greatest event that can possibly occur in the lifetime of any living American ; it will be the 
first International Exhibition ever given in honor of republican government, and will exhibit 
the effect of our institutions in promoting wealth, intelligence, and happiness. The cere- 
monies of this unprecedented occasion should be noted for spontaneous enthusiasm, universal 
enlistment of popular sentiment, and a more impressive grandeur than has ever heretofore 
been witnessed. The enterprise which cannot fail to interest the whole country must prove 
unusually attractive to Philadelphians, and scarcely less so to the whole people of the 
Commonwealth ; and it is certainly to be expected that they will be peculiarly distinguished 
for earnestness and zeal in its support. The city having thus far borne all the expenses 
attending the organization and meetings of the United States Commissioners, and having 
extended to them graceful courtesies and liberal hospitality, it may be well now to consider 
what the State may do to advance the cause, and what further action or aid in the premises 
may be expected from the General Government. 

Naturally desiring to have no financial trusts in this connection, and feeling the need 
of an executive arm capable of performing the many business functions essential to the 
success of the undertaking, the National Commissioners asked Congress to authorize the 
organization of a corporation under the title of the " Centennial Board of Finance," with 
a capital stock amounting to ten million dollars, divided into shares of ten dollars each, 
with the power of acquiring and holding such real and personal estate as may be needed in 
carrying into effect the Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871. 

An Act embodying these privileges was promptly passed by Congress, June I, 1871, and 
under it books for the subscription of the stock have been opened in each State and Ter- 
ritory, and the organization of the Board of Finance will probably be completed before the 
adjournment of the Legislature. The quota of stock allotted to Pennsylvania will be 
promptly taken, and more than this its people cannot do until the hundred days prior to the 
organization of the Board of Finance, in which the subscription books are required to be 
kept open in each State and Territory, shall have elapsed ; after which time any stock not 
taken should, if not called for by others, be promptly subscribed by our citizens. Under 
the eleventh article of the Constitution, the State is prohibited from subscribing fcr stocks 
or lending its credit for any other object than the payment of its own debt, or for the pur- 
pose of military defense. But it can and should make such a special donation as would 
inspire popular confidence, excite the emulation of other States, and insure the prompt 
commencement of the work upon a scale commensurate with its importance. The eighth 
section of the original Act of Congress authorizing the Exhibition provides " that whenever 
the President shall be informed by the Governor of the State of Pennsylvania that provision 
has been made for the erection of suitable buildings for the purp s\ and for the exclusive 
control of the Commission herein provided for, of the proposed Exhibition, the President 
shall, through the Department of State, make proclamation of the same, setting forth the 



APPENDIX D. 



203 



time at which the Exhibition will open, and the place at which it shall be held ; and he State action, 
shall communicate to the diplomatic representatives of all nations copies of the same, Pennsylvania, 
together with such regulations as may be adopted by the Commissioners, for publication in 
their respective countries." 

The provisions authorizing the organization of the Board of Finance, and the formal 
proclamation of the national and international character of the Exhibition, is deferred until 
the Governor of this Commonwealth can make the required report to the President of the 
United States. I would, therefore, recommend to your honorable bodies to make a suffi- 
cient appropriation for the purpose of securing the erection of suitable buildings for hold- 
ing the Exhibition, to be under the control of the National Commission in accordance with 
the Act of Congress. 

I would further recommend that your "Committee on Federal Relations" consider the 
propriety of asking Congress to make an appropriation for such necessary expenses of the 
National Commissioners as will enable them to work with efficiency. The members are 
national officers charged with a trust of great responsibility, and engaged in an enterprise 
in which the reputation of the country is directly involved. Our Government, which ex- 
pended a large sum of money in promoting the Paris Exhibition, certainly will not treat 
the agents to whom it has committed the task of preparing a memorial of its birth upon its 
own soil, in the form of an International Exhibition of the Arts of Modern Civilization, 
with such parsimony as would deprive them of their proper influence, dignity, and inde- 
pendence. 

The State Commissioners heretofore appointed under the Acts of the Legislature have 
made no report of their transactions, and may not have yet found their sphere of useful- 
ness. They can render much service to the United States Commissioners and to the Board 
of Finance by obtaining subscriptions of stock, and promoting such organization of the in- 
dustries of the State as would contribute to the success of the Exhibition, and present an 
appropriate display of the wealth and resources of the Commonwealth. This great na- 
tional enterprise appeals as well to local pride as to common patriotism ; it must be suc- 
cessful, — the nation has decreed it; and since to Pennsylvania has been assigned the honor 
of having the Celebration take place on her soil, she must and will see to it that it shall not 
fail. I, therefore, earnestly solicit for it not only your aid but also the thoughtful and zeal- 
ous support of all social, industrial, scientific, educational, and religious associations, and 
that of all good citizens who have at heart the honor, perpetuity, and happiness of our 
common country. 



EXTRACT FROM THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR JOHN 

F. HARTRANFT. 

January 21, 1873. 
The necessity for immediate action on the part of our people to insure the success of the 
Centennial Exhibition must be realized by every thinking man. Its failure will be to our 
lasting shame ; its success must redound to the honor and permanent benefit of the Com- 
monwealth. Located in our metropolis, which is fast moving to the front of the manufac- 
turing cities of the world, affording an opportunity to display the products and resources 
of our State, and opening to foreigners new channels of information as to our character 
and enterprises, it certainly is the imperative duty of every citizen who loves his State to 
lend his countenance and support to this great Exhibition. The dignity and good name of 
the Commonwealth are at stake. Let us not forfeit these by a lack of public spirit or by 
mistaken economy. Any proper plan the Legislature may see fit to adopt to aid this national 
undertaking shall receive the hearty concurrence of the Executive. 



204 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Resolved (if the House of Representatives concur), That both branches of the Legisla- 
ture shall meet informally in the hall of the House of Representatives at seven and a half 
o'clock this evening, to hear the Committee from the National Centennial Commission. 

[The foregoing resolution, originating in and passing the Senate, was concurred in by 
the House of Representatives, and adopted January 28, 1873.] 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved March 27, 1873. 

An Act to provide for a permanent Centennial Exhibition building for the people of the 

Commonwealth in the City of Philadelphia. 

Section i. Be it enacted, etc., That the sum of one million dollars be, and the same is 
hereby, appropriated for the erection of a permanent Centennial Exhibition building fcr the 
people of this Commonwealth and for the use of the Centennial Anniversary of American 
Independence, under the direction of the United States Centennial Board of Finance, in- 
corporated by Act of Congress, to be paid, however, only as hereinafter provided. No larger 
sum than shall be received into the State Treasury on account of the Centennial Anniversary 
fund hereinafter provided for shall be paid by the State Treasurer on account of the permanent 
Centennial Exhibition building, during the present year, and not exceeding three hundred 
thousand dollars shall be paid of the amount hereby appropriated during the year Anno 
Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, and not more than three hundred 
thousand dollars during the year Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy- 
five, and the residue of one million dollars shall be paid on or before the fourth day of 
July, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six ; Provided, that the moneys 
herein appropriated are in no event to be drawn from or out of the revenue of the Common- 
wealth which, under the Constitution and Laws of the State, are set apart for payment of 
the State debt; and if from any cause the revenue especially provided as a Centennial 
Anniversary fund by the fifth section of this Act shall be insufficient to provide the whole 
moneys appropriated, no more money than the sum of two hundred and fifty thousand 
dollars shall be paid from the State treasury to the purposes aforesaid. 

Sec. 2. Before any part of the money hereby appropriated shall be paid, satisfactory 
evidence shall be furnished to the State Centennial Supervisors hereinafter named that at 
least one million dollars of bona fide responsible private subscriptions shall have been made 
within the City of Philadelphia to the capital stock of the said United States Centennial 
Board of Finance, which shall be officially certified to the Governor by the said Super- 
visors, and a sum not less than five hundred thousand dollars shall have been appropriated 
by the municipal authorities of the City of Philadelphia to be applied to the erection of the 
permanent Centennial Exhibition building hereinafter provided for, and a contract shall 
have been executed by the said Centennial Board of Finance ; and the Centennial Board 
of Finance incorporated by Act of Congress, with the State Centennial Supervisors herein- 
after named, the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, and the representatives of the City of 
Philadelphia, as the authorities of said city shall appoint for the purpose, stipulating that 
a permanent fire-proof building shall be erected in Fairmount Park as part of the Centen- 
nial Exhibition buildings, to cost not less than one million five hundred thousand dollars, 
which building shall remain in Faimount Park perpetually as the property of the people 
of this Commonwealth for the preservation and exhibition of national and State relics 
and works of art, industry, mechanism, and products of the soil, mines, et cetera, of this 
State, and that it shall be kept open perpetually after the year Anno Domini one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy-six for the improvement and the enjoyment of the people of 



APPENDIX D. 



205 



this Commonwealth, under such regulations as the Fairmount Park Commissioners and the State action. 

State Centennial Supervisors and the proper representatives of the City of Philadelphia Penns y lvani: 

shall from time to time prescribe ; but such regulations shall at all times afford equal 

facilities and privileges to all the people of this Commonwealth without regard to locality, 

condition, or race, which contract shall be approved by the Governor of the State before it 

shall be deemed valid. After the Centennial Anniversary Exhibition shall have closed, 

the said Park Commissioners and State Supervisors and the proper representatives of the 

City of Philadelphia may admit into said building the works of art, products of industry, 

et cetera, from any other State or Government under such regulations as may be deemed 

just and proper; but there shall be no discrimination between the several States of this 

Union nor between the Governments of the world. 

Sec. 3. Alexander Henry, J. Gillingham Fell, and John O. James, of the City of Phila- 
delphia, William M. Lyon and John H. Shoenberger, of the County of Allegheny, George 
R. Messersmith, of Franklin County, William Bigler, of the County of Clearfield, Ario 
Pardee, Sr., of the County of Luzerne, and John H. Ewing, of the County of Washington, 
be, and they are hereby, appointed State Centennial Supervisors, who shall, in addition 
to the powers and duties hereinbefore prescribed, formally approve the design, plans, and 
specifications for said permanent Centennial Exhibition building, and report the same, with 
their approval, to the Governor ; and they shall formally approve any contract or contracts 
for the erection of said building, and for materials for the same, and also report such con- 
tract or contracts, with their approval, to the Governor; and no part of the money hereby 
appropriated shall be paid until such design, plans, specifications, and contract or contracts 
shall have been officially approved by said Supervisors, and so certified to and approved by 
the Governor. When said Supervisors shall certify to the Governor that the labor done 
and materials furnished for said building amount to the sum of one hundred thousand 
dollars, the Governor shall draw his warrant on the State Treasurer in favor of the Treas- 
urer of the Centennial Board of Finance for fifty thousand dollars, and thereafter whenever 
the said Supervisors shall certify to the Governor that the additional work done and ma- 
terials furnished amount to the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, and that the money 
previously paid has been fully and properly applied, he shall draw his warrant in like 
manner for fifty thousand dollars, if so much shall remain unpaid, in accordance with the 
stipulation for the annual payments contained in the first section of this Act; and when said 
Supervisors shall certify that said Centennial Exhibition building is complete, that the full 
sum of one million five hundred thousand dollars has been expended on the same, and that 
the previous payments have been fully and properly applied, the residue of one million 
dollars shall be paid as hereinbefore directed, but no larger amount shall be paid during 
any one year than is provided in the first section of this Act. 

Sec. 4. Said Board of State Centennial Supervisors shall elect one of their number as 
President, and shall appoint a Secretary, who shall keep a record of the proceedings of the 
Board,- and file a complete duplicate of the same with the Governor at the close of each 
year ; any vacancy occurring in the Board shall be filled by the said Board, but no person 
shall be chosen to fill any such vacancy without receiving five votes ; and any of said Super- 
visors may be removed at any time by the Governor on address of a majority of both branches 
of the Legislature. Said Board shall not exercise any authority or control over the Cen- 
tennial Exhibition building during the Centennial Anniversary Exhibition, but said perma- 
nent building shall, during such Exhibition, be under the same control and direction of 
the United States Centennial Commission as the other buildings erected by said Centennial 
Board of Finance. 

Sec. 5. That in order to provide revenue to enable the State to meet the appropriation 
hereinbefore made, on or before the first day of July, Anno Domini one thousand eight 
hundred and seventy-three, all street passenger railway companies now incorporated in the 
City of Philadelphia shall make return to the State Treasurer, under oath of the proper 
officers, stating the gross receipts of each of said companies from the passage of this Act 



206 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. until said return is made, and like quarterly returns shall be made by said companies 
Pennsylvania, thereafter until the first day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-seven inclusive; and with each report there shall be paid by said street passenger 
railway companies to the State Treasurer three per centum of s.uch gross receipts, which 
revenue shall be placed by the State Treasurer to the credit of the Centennial Anniversary 
fund ; and all moneys paid by said State Treasurer, on account of the appropriations here- 
inbefore made, shall be paid out of said Centennial Anniversary fund until the same is 
exhausted, and the residue, if any, required to be paid during any one year, shall be paid 
out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated. On the first day of April, 
Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven, the tax upon the gross re- 
ceipts of said railroad companies shall cease and determine. Any of said street passenger 
railway companies which shall, within thirty days after the passage of this Act, file with the 
State Treasurer an official acceptance of its provisions, shall thereupon, each and every 
of them, be released from any penalty or penalties to which they, or any of them, might be 
liable under any proceeding in law or equity for any violation of the provisions of their 
charters respectively prior to the passage of this Act; and the faith of the State is hereby 
pledged to such accepting companies that the legal rate of fares said companies are now 
authorized to collect shall not be reduced by legislative enactment before the first day of 
April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven. Any street passenger 
railway companies incorporated after the passage of this Act shall also report their gross 
receipts and pay the tax on the same from and after they commence to carry passengers, as 
hereinbefore provided. 

W. ELLIOTT, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
GEO. H. ANDERSON, Speaker of the Senate. 
Approved the twenty-seventh day of March, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred 

and seventy-three. 

JOHN F. HARTRANFT. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. 

January, 1874. 

The progress of the work of preparation for the Centennial is realizing fully the expec- 
tations of our people. The distinguished gentlemen charged with the details of this vast 
undertaking are striving zealously, with great intelligence and industry, to perfect all the 
arrangements in a manner commensurate with the important and conspicuous position our 
Republic occupies among the nations of the earth. A becoming regard for the dignity and 
honor of the country, we can hcpe, will now induce the General Government and all the 
States to extend to the Commission such material aid as will secure this enterprise from 
every possibility of failure. The City of Philadelphia, whose generosity in different ways 
in behalf of the Centennial has elicited commendation from all quarters, ceded to the Com- 
mission an eligible site in the midst of her beautiful park, whereon the proposed buildings 
for the Exhibition, the plans for which have been adopted, are to be erected. This site 
was formally transferred and dedicated to its special uses on the 4th of July last, in the 
presence of a large concourse of citizens. Upon that occasion proclamation of the Presi- 
dent was made, wherein the Celebration and Exhibition were commended to the people of 
the United States, and a cordial invitation given to all nations who may be pleased to take 
part therein. 

With this act the project became a national one, and co-operation was invited and ex- 
pected from the whole nation ; and it is a pleasure to observe that the different States and 
Territories are earnestly moving with a view to such contributions as will place the Cele- 
bration not only upon a sound financial basis, but make it a successful exhibition of their 
various resources and industries. To stamp the Centennial, however, v ith the character of 
a national enterprise, it must receive assistance direct and substantial from the National 



APPENDIX D. 207 

Government. Congress must set the seal of its approbation upon the work of the Com- State action. 
mission, and manifest not only an interest in this great undertaking, but a determination Pennsylvania. 
that in its proportions and grandeur the American Exhibition shall eclipse all those which 
have preceded it in Europe, as the development of our resources, the expansion of our grand 
railway system, and the diversified employment of the arts and sciences in all the avenues 
of our industry surpass those of the Old World. 

Pennsylvania must not neglect this opportunity for the display of her rich, varied, and 
inexhaustible products, nor relax her efforts to rescue the Exhibition from every mischance 
to which indifference or distrust may expose it. It is true her contributions have been large, 
but she must not forget that the nation has signally honored her people by designating her 
metropolis as the place for the proposed Celebration, and she must show by renewed exer- 
tions that she appreciates the distinction. 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. 

Executive Chamber, Harrisburg, January 15, 1874. 
To the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Penn- 
sylvania : 
Gentlemen, — My views upon the important subject of the accompanying communica- 
tion have been fully expressed in my annual message to your honorable bodies at the 
opening of the present session. I desire, however, to call your attention to the urgent 
necessity of prompt action on the part of the Legislature to secure the objects named in 
this communication, so that the great work of preparing for the Centennial may proceed 
without delay, and the proper buildings be erected and made ready for the reception of the 
arts, products, and manufactures of the world in 1876. 

J. F. HARTRANFT. 

[The communication referred to in the foregoing message is as n 1 \vs :] 

Rooms of State Centennial Supervisors, 904 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

January 10, 1 874. 
To his Excellency John F. Hartranft, Governor of Pennsylvania : 

Sir, — The Board of State Centennial Supervisors brought into existence by an Act of 
the Legislature, entitled " An Act to provide for a permanent Centennial Exhibition build- 
ing for the people of the Commonwealth," bearing date March 27, 1873, anc ^ embracing 
the names of Alexander Henry, J. Gillingham Fell, John O. James, John H. Shoenberger, 
William M. Lyon, John H. Ewing, G. H. Messersmith, Ario Pardee, and William Bigler, 
do hereby, in accordance with the aforesaid law, respectfully submit the following report, 
to wit : It may not be improper to remark, in the first place, that the purpose of the law 
establishing the Board of Supervisors was to secure the erection of a building at Fairmount 
Park for the use of the United States Centennial Commission during the Celebration and 
Exhibition in 1876, which should be permanent, and should at the close of the Exhibition 
remain the property of the State and the City of Philadelphia, and whilst it should stand 
through coming generations in memory of the Declaration of American Independence, it 
should be used as a State and national, and even international museum, in which should be 
displayed the arts, manufactures, and products of this and other civilized nations. 

Over the erection and management of this building the Board of Supervisors are to 
have such part and care as is provided for in the law hereinbefore mentioned. This Board 
was organized on the 8th of May last by the selection of William Bigler as President, and 
William Duane as Secretary, and at the same time Alexander Henry, J. Gillingham Fell, 
John H. Shoenberger, John H. Ewing, and William Bigler were constituted an Executive 
Committee. 



208 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. Among the duties that first claimed the attention of the Board was, that of approving 

ennsy vama. a d es ig n an( j p} ans an( j specifications for the permanent Exhibition building. The perform- 
ance of this duty was seriously delayed, for the reason that no One of the designs brought 
out under the competitive system adopted by the United States Centennial Commission was 
satisfactory to this Board or to the Commission itself. That presented by Messrs. Collins 
& Autenreith was in some particulars acceptable as to style, but the size was inadmissible, 
and the estimated cost was seriously in advance of the sum appropriated by the State, and 
City of Philadelphia, for the erection of the building. After proper deliberation by the 
United States Commission and this Board, it was decided to employ Messrs. Collins & 
Autenreith, under the direction of A. T. Goshorn, of the Commission, and Mr. Henry and 
Mr. Bigler, of the Board of Supervisors, to produce a modification of their original design. 
This resulted in the production of a design highly satisfactory, and which was approved by 
the United States Centennial Commission on the 18th of December, and referred to the 
Board of State Supervisors, which, on the 9th instant, expressed its views thereon by the 
adoption of the following resolution, to wit: 

"Resolved, That the modified design, plans, and specifications for a permanent Centen- 
nial Exhibition building, as prepared by Messrs. Collins & Autenreith, architects, and as 
presented to this Board on the 19th ult., by A. T. Goshorn, Director-General, accompanied 
with the recommendation of the Executive Committee of the United States Centennial 
Commission, modified still further by certain suggestions of the architects as to the material 
to be used, be, and the same are hereby, accepted and approved as the designs, plans, and 
specifications for a permanent Centennial Exhibition building, provided for by an Act of 
the Legislature of the State, dated March 27, 1873, the means for the erection of which 
are to be furnished by the State of Pennsylvania and the City of Philadelphia. And this 
Board, not doubting that the $1,500,000 heretofore appropriated by the State and the City 
of Philadelphia for the erection of said building will be furnished as needed and called 
for during the years 1874, 1875, an( ^ l %76> do further earnestly recommend that the United 
States Centennial Commission and the Board of Finance proceed to contract for the erec- 
tion of said building at the earliest date practicable." 

It is also proper to inform you that the contract defining the uses and purposes of the 
permanent Centennial Exhibition building, and fixing the conditions on which it may be 
erected in Fairmount Park, as required by the fourth section of the Act creating this Board, 
is in process of execution, and will be presented for your approval within a brief period. 

There is now nothing in the way of the commencement of the erection of the perma- 
nent Centennial building and the prosecution of the work thereon to a prompt completion 
except the complications which have arisen about the sources of revenue, set apart to meet 
part of the appropriation made by the State. In advising the United States Centennial 
Board of Finance to proceed with the work without delay, we have, as you will perceive, 
assumed that this difficulty will be so adjusted as to furnish the Finance Board with the 
whole amount of a million of dollars, as needed at different dates during the years 1874, 
1875, and 1876. 

Nothing short of this will insure success. The City of Philadelphia has set apart five 
hundred thousand dollars for this work, which, together with the million of dollars appro- 
priated by the Act of March 27, 1873, will make one million and a half, being the lowest 
cost which the law permits. 

We hope you will not account it out of place, if a number of your fellow-citizens 
engaged in this work as a labor of love, that they express to you the earnest solicitude they 
feel on the subject. There is still time enough, and only enough, remaining to have the 
Memorial Building ready for the uses of the National Celebration and Exhibition. But there 
is no longer room for delay. All obstacles in the way of a prompt execution of contracts 
for the erection of the buildings should be removed without hesitation. Admonished by 
what occurred at London, Paris, and Vienna, we are profoundly impressed with the im- 
portance of ample time for the erection of the building, and feel it a duty to make every 



APPENDIX D. 



209 



reasonable effort to begin the work so promptly as to insure its completion in time for the state action. 
Exhibition. Pennsylvania. 

And in this connection it may not be improper to remark that the design for the Main 
Exhibition building, definitely agreed upon some weeks since by the United States Commis- 
sion, is, in our opinion, one of peculiar merit. It is purely original, and quite dissimilar 
to the style heretofore used in Europe. The building will manifestly be susceptible of a 
high degree of utilization for exhibition purposes, and, what is also of great importance, it 
will be moderate in cost, and can be rapidly erected. 

In view of the prominent part our State is to have in all this, we earnestly invoke your 
effective aid in securing, with as little delay as may be, the legislation necessary to make 
the State's part of the Centennial work a marked triumph. In your message you very 
properly suggest that Pennsylvania will be greatly honored in having the celebration of the 
first Centennial Anniversary of Independence within her limits, and that is true ; and she 
should thereby be inspired to the greater effort in the work, not only because of the honor 
done her by the Congress of the United States, but because of the greater damage that will 
come to her reputation should she fail of success. 

We can readily see why some might object to the expenditure of a large sum of money 
for a temporary celebration and exhibition. But the Memorial Hall is to be a permanent 
and sightly structure, and whilst answering the purposes of the United States Centennial 
Commission for the Celebration and Exhibition in 1876, it is to become a great national and 
international museum, wherein are to be displayed the works of art, manufactures, and the 
natural products of this and other countries: The State might have properly erected here- 
tofore a building for such purposes. 

The Acts of Congress have given to the Centennial work a national character, and the 
proclamation of the President, enunciated on the 4th day of July last, not only perfected 
this character of nationality, but gave the Exhibition a status eminently international, for he 
therein presented for the consideration of all other nations the purpose of the United States 
to celebrate the close of the first hundred years of American Independence, by means of a 
grand display of the arts, manufactures, natural products, at the same time cordially inviting 
the co-operation of the respective Governments of these nations in the proposed Inter- 
national Exhibition. Quite a number of the Governments so invited have already signified 
their intention to embrace the civility thus extended to them, and unite in the Exhibition. 

Under such a state of facts we are sure that you will agree with us that there is but one 
result that can be properly entertained by our people, and that is reasonable success. Any- 
thing short of this will bring dishonor and reproach to the whole nation, and especially to 
Pennsylvania. The good name of a people is above the value of money, and the Govern- 
ment must not permit tarnish to come to the character of Americans for no higher reason 
than to save a pittance to its treasury. 

If the United States fail to carry out on a befitting scale what the Government and 
people have promised to do in this matter of an International Exhibition, no American 
would thereafter dare to become an exhibitor at a similar exhibition in any other country. 

The humiliation and reproach that would flow from such a condition of things would 
be more than citizens of the United States could endure. 

We close with the remark that we never have doubted, and do not now doubt, that the 
Legislature and the Government at Harrisburg will do whatever is needful to insure success 
to the State's part of the Centennial work. 

WILLIAM BIGLER, President, JOHN H. SHOENBERGER, 

ALEXANDER HENRY, WILLIAM M. LYON, 

J. GILLINGHAM FELL, G. R. MESSERSMITH, 

JOHN O. JAMES, JOHN H. EWING, 

ARIO PARDEE. 

[The message, with the accompanying communication, was referred to the Committee 
on Finance.] 

14 



210 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Pennsylvania. 

Whereas, The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has appropriated the sum of one million 
dollars, and the City of Philadelphia the sum of five hundred thousand dollars, for the erec- 
tion of a permanent Centennial Memorial Building, to be part of the structure for the Inter- 
national Centennial Exhibition of 1876, and to be under the exclusive direction of the 
management of the Exhibition; 

And whereas, The City of Philadelphia has made an additional appropriation of one 
million dollars to the Centennial Board of Finance, and more than one million five hun- 
dred thousand dollars have been pledged by private subscriptions in the City of Philadel- 
phia, making an aggregate of over four millions already received for an enterprise that 
invites the generous support of the whole nation ; therefore, 

Resolved, That the State of Pennsylvania appeals with confidence to Congress to respond 
to the noble example of our Commonwealth, on behalf of the whole people of the country, 
by promptly making the appropriation asked for, and thus crown with the grandest success 
this just tribute to the beneficence and progress of free government. 

[The foregoing resolution was twice read, considered, and adopted, in the Senate, May 
4, and in the House of Representatives, May 5, 1874.] 



A SUPPLEMENT TO AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYL- 
VANIA. 

Approved May 14, 1874. 
A Supplement to the Act entitled "An Act to provide for a permanent Centennial Exhibi- 
tion building for the people of the Commonwealth, in the City of Philadelphia" approved 
the twenty-seventh day of March, Anno Domini, one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-three. 

SECTION I . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority 
of the same, That the appropriation of one million dollars for the erection of a permanent 
Centennial Exhibition building for the people of this Commonwealth, and for the use of the 
Centennial anniversary of American Independence, under the direction of the United States 
Centennial Board of Finance, incorporated by Act of Congress, made by the first section 
of the Act to which this is a supplement, shall be paid out of any money in the treasury 
not otherwise appropriated, in manner following, to wit : When monthly statements shall 
have been presented to the Governor as hereinafter provided, of the expenditures made for 
the permanent Exhibition building, monthly payments shall be made on such statements, but 
not more than fifty thousand dollars shall be paid in any one monthly statement, nor shall 
more than three hundred and fifty thousand dollars be payable on such statements in any 
one year; the United States Centennial Board of Finance shall make monthly statements 
to the State Centennial Supervisors of the expenditures made for the said permanent Ex- 
hibition building for materials, labor, and services in the erection of said building for the 
preceding month ; and said Supervisors shall make, or cause to be made, an examination 
into said statements, and if they shall approve the expenditures made and the accounts for 
the same, they shall so certify the statement to the Governor, or if they find such statements 
or any of them incorrect, they shall correct them and certify them as so corrected, and the 
Governor shall thereupon draw his warrant on the State Treasurer for two-thirds of the 
amount so certified, subject, however, to the limitations as to amounts hereinbefore pro- 
vided; and said Supervisors shall also certify in like manner such monthly statements to the 
Mayor of the City of Philadelphia ; Provided, however, that this Act shall not be construed 
to appropriate any money for the erection of the said permanent Centennial Exhibition 



APPENDIX D. 211 

building until at least one million dollars of bona fide responsible subscriptions shall have State action, 
been made within the City of Philadelphia for the Centennial anniversary Exhibition build- Pennsylvania, 
ings in stock or otherwise, which shall be officially certified to the Governor by said Supervi- 
sors, and a sum of not less than five hundred thousand dollars shall have been appropriated 
by the City of Philadelphia, to be applied exclusively to the erection of the permanent 
Centennial Exhibition building provided for by the Act to which this is a supplement; And 
provided further, that nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to appropriate a 
greater sum in the aggregate than one million dollars, nor in any event shall the State here- 
after be called upon or held liable to appropriate any other or greater sum than that herein- 
before provided for. 

Sec. 2. So much of the Act to which this is a supplement as is inconsistent with the 
provisions of this Act is hereby repealed. 

H. H. McCORMICK, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

B. B. STRANG, Speaker of the Senate. 
Approved the fourteenth day of May, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-four. 

J. F. HARTRANFT. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. 

January 6, 1875. 

As the time approaches for the Centennial celebration of the nation's independence, a 
broader and more generous sympathy with its objects is apparent, while a more general 
disposition is shown to make the Exhibition on that occasion not only a faithful represen- 
tation of our various natural and industrial resources, but to manifest as well that when the 
nation's pride, dignity, or honor are concerned, the American people move with a common 
impulse and have a common interest. It has been conceded, from its inception, that the 
Exhibition must have the sanction and authority of all the States if it would be clothed 
with the character of a national enterprise, and the number of the States that have already 
enlisted in the cause discloses the prevalence of this opinion, and the desire for harmony 
and unity of action. The Centennial must be constructed out of materials furnished from 
the whole Union, or its beauty will be marred and its symmetry destroyed. We owe it to 
ourselves, humanity, and liberty to demonstrate that the full development of a country and 
its resources, the education of the masses, the grandest achievements of science, the most 
abundant fruits of industry, the blessings of religion, and the amplest protection to life and 
property can all be secured by, and are consistent with, the largest share of freedom to 
man. We are to show that what the combined wisdom of ages and all nations endeavored 
and failed to obtain, — a system of government uniting under its authority forty millions of 
free people, with no other restraints than those imposed by their own will, has had a trial 
of one- hundred years, a century crowded with triumphs in peace and war, and unexampled 
for the progress and development of those arts that are useful and help adorn human nature. 
Is not, therefore, the interest, pride, and patriotism of every American engaged to make the 
Centennial, in its proportions and grandeur, a true reflex of the intelligence, genius, and 
habits of our people, the magnitude of our resources, and the benefits of our institutions? 
This is the scope and intention of the Celebration, and, if we mistake not the sentiments of 
the people of the country, every State and Territory will be represented in the Exhibition 
in the manner that will best display its wealth, industries, and characteristics, and with the 
more comprehensive view of making the Centennial truly national and American. That 
the products of foreign countries will be largely represented is assured by the number and 
character of the nations that have signified their intention to contribute, and the liberal 
appropriations they have made to provide for suitable display. There has been no abate- 
ment of zeal in the efforts of the gentlemen in charge of this national undertaking, nor any 



212 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. cessation in their labors to diffuse a proper understanding of 'its purposes and uses. No 
*\.nnsyivania. a pp re i iension f failure has ever seized them ; neither have they been disarmed by un- 
friendly and, at times, unjust criticism, nor deluded by plausible suggestions that might 
have turned them aside from the supreme object for which they have striven. To their 
talents, dignity of character, and untiring energy the country will be indebted for a large 
measure of the success of the Centennial, and in what remains for them to do, these quali- 
ties should banish distrust and command for them confidence and support. The work 
upon the buildings intended for the Exhibition is progressing rapidly, and the structure, in 
its architecture and proportions, will be a credit to the nation. The space to be allowed 
has been carefully allotted to each country, and ample provision made that the articles ex- 
hibited will be properly and fully displayed, while every facility will be afforded for the 
examination of our own products. Philadelphia is enlarging her accommodations for the 
entertainment of guests. The neighboring cities afford innumerable opportunities of a like 
kind ; the extensive park, where the Centennial buildings are located, is every day adding 
to its natural beauty with the contributions of art, with which public and private liberality 
is adorning its avenues, and the welcome accorded those who attend the Exhibition will be 
in keeping with the traditional hospitality of the people of Pennsylvania, and, we trust, will 
reflect honor upon the whole nation. 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. 

Executive Chamber, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, February 2, 1875. 
To the Honorable the Senate of Pennsylvania : 

Gentlemen, — I have the honor to transmit herewith a copy of a communication 
received by me from A. T. Goshorn, Director-General United States Centennial Commis- 
sion, to which your attention is respectfully invited. 

J. F. HARTRANFT. 

[The communication referred to in the above message is as follows :] 
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

United States Centennial Commission, 
Philadelphia, January 30, 1875. 
To his Excellency John F. Hartranft, Governor of Pennsylvania : 

Sir, — In behalf of the United States Centennial Commission, I have the honor to direct 
your attention to several subjects connected with the International Exhibition of 1876, of 
great importance to your Commonwealth, and for which provision should be made this year. 

It has already become manifest that a large proportion of the articles to be exhibited 
will be provided for in a creditable manner by the manufacturers and producers of the 
several States. But there remain large classes of objects whose collection is essential to a 
complete representation of the material and social condition of the community, yet which 
it is not to the interest or within the power of an individual to collect ; of this description 
are the unwrought natural resources of the land, such as its minerals, soils, woods, vegeta- 
tion, etc. It is so largely upon their wealth in this direction that the growth of States 
depends, that this department of the Exhibition will be critically studied by those interested 
in the problems of immigration and of the investment of capital. On merely economical 
grounds every State would do well to provide liberally for the thorough and exhaustive 
representation of the actual and possible products of its soil. 

Another department that should be inaugurated and prepared under the auspices of the 
State Governments is that which may be termed the historical and statistical. Unless done 
by official authority there will not be a complete representation of such matters as the history 
of the early settlement of the State, its physical features, climate, geographical position, 
government, law and punishment of crime, system of State and municipal taxation, revenue 



APPENDIX D. 213 

and expenditures, benevolent institutions and charities, education, scientific, industrial, State action, 
commercial, learned and religious societies, agricultural and manufacturing interests, the 
extent and effects of railroads and other means of transportation, the history and growth 
in population and wealth of the State. All these subjects, among others, ought to be so 
represented as to afford a summary view of the history, progress, and present condition of 
every State. Unless this is accomplished the Exhibition will seriously fail in that part of 
its purpose which contemplates a representation of the nation's growth during the first 
century of its existence. Official resources only are adequate to the satisfactory execution 
of the task thus proposed. 

It is hoped, therefore, that each of the States, either by legislative action or otherwise, 
will adopt such measures as may be deemed necessary to empower existing organizations 
or agencies to be created to prepare an exhibition of its native resources and moral and 
political advancement as herein indicated. A collective representation of this character 
will not only be interesting as illustrating the prosperity of the country, but will also be 
of inestimable value for preservation in the archives of the nation, as a correct history of the 
birth and progress of the several communities that have contributed during the century to 
the growth and strength of the Union of States. 

How far your State will participate in these suggestions is a question that I have the 
honor to most respectfully submit and recommend to your early consideration. 
Your obedient servant, 

A. T. GOSHORN, Director- General. 

[The foregoing message and communication were referred to the Committee on Centen- 
nial Affairs.] 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved April 12, 1875. 
An Act to provide for the appointment of a State Board of Centennial Managers for the 
International Exhibition of the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and ?nake appro- 
priation to defray the expenses thereof. 

Section I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority 
of the same, That the Governor is hereby authorized and empowered to appoint five suit 
able persons from different sections of the State, familiar with the resources, arts, products, 
history, and capabilities of the State, who, with the United States Centennial Commissioner 
and the Alternate Commissioner from Pennsylvania, shall constitute and be the State 
Board of Centennial Managers for this State. 

Sec. 2. That upon said State Board shall devolve the responsibility of organizing the 
State, and of securing its thorough representation in the International Exhibition of the 
year eighteen hundred and seventy-six; and it shall also have special charge of the interests 
of this State and the citizens thereof in all matters relating to the Exhibition, shall obtain 
and disseminate information throughout the State in regard to the purposes and objects of 
the Exhibition, and shall generally supervise such details and arrangements as may be re- 
quired for a full and proper representation of the products, industries, resources, and history 
of the Commonwealth, in accordance with the regulations that have been adopted or may 
hereafter be adopted for holding the Exhibition by the United States Centennial Commis- 
sioners. 

Sec. 3. That said State Board shall meet within twenty days after the appointment, on 
a call issued for such meeting by the Governor, and shall elect one of its members to be 
President, and another of them to be Secretary and Treasurer, who shall hold their offices 
during the pleasure of the Board ; they shall meet at least once in each month, and four 



214 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBIT ION, 1876. 

State action. members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business ; they shall have power to 
Pennsylvania. ma ] <e ru j es an( j regulations for their own government, and may delegate to the President, 
or any member, the performance of such specific duty as may promote the object for which 
the Board is appointed ; vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled by new appoint- 
ments made by the Governor. 

Sec. 4. That said Board shall make report of its proceedings to the Legislature at each 
of its sessions, and in such reports shall make such suggestions as may be deemed advisable 
for fully providing for the complete and proper representation of the interests of the State 
in the Exhibiticn, and for securing the hearty co-operation of the people therein. 

Sec. 5. That the Governor, State Treasurer, and Secretary of the Commonwealth shall 
constitute a permanent Advisory Committee of said Board, with the right to appoint its 
own Secretary, at such compensation as it may designate, to which Committee shall be re- 
ferred all communications from Governors or Executive Officers of other States of the 
Union, and such Committee may participate in all the deliberations of the State Board. 

Sec. 6. That so much of any law or resolution as are hereby supplied be, and the same 
are hereby, repealed. 

SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
JOHN LATTA, President of the Senate. 
Approved the twelfth day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-five. 

J. F. HARTRANFT. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. 

January 4, 1876. 

Whatever misgivings have hitherto possessed the public mind about the success of the 
Centennial are now happily dissipated, and it is evident the country has awakened to the 
conviction that the Exhibition, instead of being merely local, with which character the 
indifferent and distrustful would have invested it, will transcend in dignity and magnitude 
any of the Exhibitions that have preceded it in Europe. 

It becomes Pennsylvania, therefore, to bestir herself, and strive to have a full repre- 
sentation of her resources and industries on exhibition. The Commonwealth has made 
vast contributions of means, and the energies of many of her best citizens have been cease- 
lessly devoted to the promotion of the enterprise, and she will be false to her best interests 
if the display she makes is not creditable to her people and in keeping with her position 
among the States. Every city, town, county, and township that has a product, whether of 
the soil or manufactory, should take care that it has a place in the Exhibition. Our min- 
eral resources should all be shown, and our iron, oil, coke, lumber, railroad, ship-building, 
nnd all manufacturing interests should be fitly represented. Every beneficial, trade, and 
commercial association should have charts or designs to show their purposes or benefits. 
The collections of scientific and art societies should be exhibited, and our penal and 
reformatory institutions, and those of charity, beneficence, and learning, should in some 
manner illustrate their management. Opportunities should be afforded to study our forms 
of government, public and private improvements in buildings, churches, bridges, water-, 
gas-, and other works, and every means and facility furnished to the strangers to become 
acquainted with the character, extent, and variety of our products, and the advantages of 
our State as a place of residence and a field for enterprise. 

To make this display will require constant and unremitting work on the part of indi- 
viduals, firms, and companies during the short time that remains before the Exhibition 
opens, and public and private liberality should combine to effect this object. In conform- 
ity with an Act passed at your last session, the Executive appointed a commission of gen- 
tlemen to be intrusted with the superintendence and collection of the exhibition which 
Pennsylvania shall make at the Centennial. To perform this duly it is obvious they 



APPENDIX D. 215 

must have financial aid, and when we consider how vast and multiform must be its labors, State action, 
and the short time left to discharge the same, the sum allowed to defray the expenses should Penns y' vania - 
be liberal, and commensurate with the important share the Commonwealth has taken in 
this great national enterprise. The character of the gentlemen who were appointed is a 
surety that the exhibition of the State will be all that zeal and fidelity to its interests can 
make it, if means are afforded them to fulfill the purposes of their appointment, and I 
recommend that an appropriation therefor be made at once. 

In this connection it is proper your attention should be invited to the necessity of 
making provision for the transportation and encampment of the military of the State at 
some period of the Exhibition, so that suitable display may be made of this branch of the 
public service. Several of the States are making extensive preparations in this direction, 
and the military feature of the Exhibition promises to be creditable to the volunteer system 
of the country. The various commands throughout the Commonwealth are perfecting 
themselves in drill and discipline with a view to this encampment, and I feel assured the 
appearance and bearing of our soldiers will reflect honor upon our State. The troops from 
this State will probably be encamped for a period of ten days or two weeks in the vicinity 
of the Exhibition, to serve without pay, and supply their own rations, but through the 
proper authorities they ask that the State will furnish them with transportation to and from 
the Exhibition, and provide shelter for them while in camp. When we consider what little 
compensation the National Guard receives for its services, this reasonable request of the 
commands that will muster, numbering perhaps eight thousand men, will, I am confident, 
meet with your favor. 



RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Resolved (if the House of Representatives concur), That our Senators be instructed, and 
our members of Congress requested to vote, for the bill now pending, making an appropria- 
tion of one million five hundred thousand dollars for the Centennial Exhibition, to be held 
in the City of Philadelphia ; and that the Governor be requested to communicate this reso- 
lution to our members in Congress under the seal of the State. 

[The foregoing resolution, originating m and passing the Senate January 13, 1876, was 
concurred in by the House of Representatives, and adopted on the same day.] 



RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Whereas, The Hon. John W. Forney, United States Centennial Commissioner in 
Europe, having recently returned from nearly two years' most valuable service in behalf of 
the Centennial Exhibition ; therefore, 

Resolved, That a Committee of five be appointed by the President to confer with Colonel 
Forney, and request him to repeat before the Legislature, whenever it will suit his conven- 
ience, his address upon the subject of his " Centennial Experience in Europe." 

[The foregoing preamble and resolution were adopted by the Senate, March 2, 1876, and 
^similar ones were considered and agreed to by the House of Representatives, March 
3, 1876.] 

[In pursuance of the foregoing resolution, it was ordered that Messrs. Jones, Strang, 
Herr, Nagle, and Yerkes, on the part of the Senate, and Messrs. Talley, Stotzer, Monaghan, 
Leach, and Huhn, on the part of the House, should form the said Committee. 



In the Senate, March 8, 1876. 
Mr. Jones, from the Special Committee appointed to wait upon Hon. John W. Forney, 
and request him to deliver before the Legislature his address on his " Centennial Experi- 
ence in Europe," made a report, which was read, as follows, viz. : 



2i6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION,- 1876. 

State action. That they first forwarded to Colonel Forney a copy of the preamble and resolution 

Pennsylvania. a( i p te d by the Senate on the 2d instant. Your Committee, with a similar Committee of 
the House of Representatives, then called upon Colonel Forney at his residence in Phila- 
delphia, and it affords us pleasure to say that he has accepted the joint invitation of the 
Senate and House. 

The time designated for the delivery of the address is Tuesday, March 14, 1876, at 
eight o'clock p.m., in the hall of the House of Representatives. 

All of which is respectfully submitted. 

HORATIO GATES JONES, 
B. B. STRANG, 
A. J. HERR, 
E. W. DAVIS, 
D. A. NAGLE, 
HARMAN YERKES. 
[A similar report to the above was duly signed, and submitted to the House of Repre- 
sentatives by the Committee appointed by the same, in the above matter. Whereupon the 
following resolution was adopted on the same day, March 6, 1876: ] 

Resolved, That the hall of the House of Representatives be granted on the evening of 
the 14th instant for the purpose stated in the above report. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved March 28, 1876. 
An Act making an appropriation to provide for an educational display at the Centennial 
Exhibition, and to erect a suitable school-house or other building for the purpose. 
Section i . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Co7?imon- 
wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority 
of the same, That the sum of fifteen thousand dollars is hereby appropriated out of any 
moneys unappropriated in the State treasury for the purpose of making a proper display 
of the educational interests of the Commonwealth at the Centennial Exhibition to be held 
in Philadelphia, and for erecting a suitable school- house or other building in which to pre- 
sent the same ; Provided, that at the close of the Exhibition the building so erected shall 
be sold by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and the proceeds of the sale be 
returned to the treasury. 

Sec. 2. That the money appropriated under this Act shall be payable to the Superin- 
tendent of Public Instruction, who is hereby intrusted with authority to expend the same 
for the purposes herein named, and whose accounts are to be filed in the office of the 
Auditor-General, and settled in the usual manner. 

SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
ELISHA W. DAVIS, President pro tern, of the Senate. 
Approved the twenty-eighth day of March, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred 
and seventy-six. 

J. F. HARTRANFT. 



SUPPLEMENT TO AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved March 30, 1876. 
A SUPPLEMENT to an Act entitled "An Act to provide for the appointment of a State Board 
of Centennial Managers for the Centennial Exhibition, and defray the expenses thereof' 
SECTION I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority 
of the same, That for the purpose of enabling the State Board of Centennial Managers to 



APPENDIX D. 



217 



fulfill the purpose of their appointment and perform the duties imposed upon them by the State action. 
Act of the twelfth of April, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, entitled "An Act for the P enns y lvania - 
appointment of a State Board of Centennial Managers for the International Exhibition of 
the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and make appropriations to defray the expenses 
thereof," the sum of forty thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, or so much thereof as 
may be necessary, to be paid out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated. 

Sec. 2. That the Board of Commissioners shall, immediately after the passage of this 
Act, cause to be erected on the grounds of the Centennial Exhibition a suitable building 
for the accommodation and convenience of the people of Pennsylvania, which shall be fur- 
nished and provided with proper attendants during the period the Exhibition shall remain 
open. 

Sec. 3. That the money shall be paid only as required, and after proper vouchers are 
filed, certified by the President of the Board, and settled in the office of the Auditor-Gen- 
eral; Provided, that no part of the money shall be paid the Commissioners as compen- 
sation ; and at the expiration of said Centennial Exhibition, the State Board of Managers 
are hereby instructed to sell said building and furniture, and return the proceeds to the 
State Treasurer. 

Sec. 4. That before any contract for the erection of the building shall be made, the con- 
tractor therefor shall execute a bond, with sufficient sureties, conditioned for the completion 
of the same before the day of opening of the Exhibition, said bond to be approved by the 
Advisory Committee of the State Board on behalf of the State; the expenses of said 
Advisory Committee, as authorized by the fifth section of the Act of April twelfth, eighteen 
hundred and seventy-five, to be paid on the warrant of the Governor ; And provided further, 
that a Committee of five from the Senate and five from the House of Representatives, to 
be appointed by the Speakers, are hereby authorized to act in conjunction with the State 
Board of Centennial Managers and the Advisory Committee of the State Board in the con- 
struction and general management of the building authorized to be erected by this Act. 
SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
ELISHA W. DAVIS, President pro tern, of the Senate. 

Approved the thirtieth day of March, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-six. 

T. F. HARTRANFT. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved April 7, 1876. 

An Act to provide for the payment of canvas, transportation, and grounds for the purposes 

of the Centennial encampment of the National Guard. 

Whereas, It is desirable that the troops of the State shall be encamped in the vicinity 
of the Centennial Exhibition grounds ; 

And whereas, It is right and proper that they should be furnished with shelter and 
land for such purpose ; therefore, 

SECTION i. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority 
of the same, That the sum of twenty thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be 
necessary, be, and is hereby, appropriated for the purchase of canvas for the quartering 
and accommodation of the troops, the same to be and remain the property of the State. 

Sec. 2. That the further sum of thirty-five thousand dollars, or so much ihereof as may 
be necessary, be, and the same is hereby, appropriated for the transportation and carriage 
of troops to and from their respective localities to said encampment and return, and for the 
payment also of the rental for the occupation of such grounds as may be necessary for their 
accommodation, and the expenses incidental thereto. 



2l8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION,. 1876. 

State action. Sec. 3. That the disbursements and drawing of such moneys hereby appropriated shall 

Pennsylvania, -j^ made by the direction of the State Military Board, under the same provisions as is now 

provided by law for other military purposes ; Provided, however, that no contract shall be 

made for any of the purposes hereinbefore indicated until the said Board shall first have 

approved the same, under such rules and regulations as it may prescribe. 

SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the Home of Representatives. 
JOHN LATTA, President of the Senate. 
Approved the seventh day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-six. 

J. F. HARTRANFT. 



EXTRACT FROM THE JOURNAL OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

April 18, 1876. 
Resolved (if the Senate concur), That the Senate and House of Representatives accept 
the invitation of the United States Centennial Commission to be present at the opening of 
the International Exhibition, on the 10th day of May next, in the City of Philadelphia ; 
and that the Clerks of the respective Houses be directed to communicate the same to the 
United States Centennial Commission, and to make such arrangements as maybe necessary 
to carry the same into effect. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved April 20, 1876. 
An Act for the regulation of International Exhibitions held under the auspices of the 
Government of the United States, within the Commomveallh of Pennsylvania, and pre- 
venting seizure of articles and goods deposited on exhibition thereat. 

Section I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority 
of the same, That no process of attachment, execution, sequestration, replevin, distress, or 
any kind of seizure, shall be served or levied upon articles, goods, wares, merchandise, or 
property of any description while the same is on exhibition or deposited by exhibitors at 
any International Exhibition held under the auspices of the Government of the United 
States, within any city or county of this Commonwealth ; nor shall such property be subject 
to attachment, seizure, levy, or sale for any cause whatsoever, in the hands of the authorities 
of such Exhibition, or otherwise. 

SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
JOHN LATTA, President of the Senate. 
Approved the twentieth day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-six. 

J. F. HARTRANFT. 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved May 4, 1876. 

AN Act to make the tenth day of May, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, a legal 

holiday. 
Section I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority 
of the same, That the tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
dred and seventy-six, shall be deemed and proclaimed as a public holiday, and shall be 



APPENDIX D. 



2I 9 



duly observed as such ; the payment of all notes, checks, bills of exchange, and other instru- State action 
ments negotiable by the laws of this Commonwealth, and becoming payable on said tenth Pennsylvania, 
day of May, shall be deemed to become due on the day next preceding the aforementioned 
day on which said preceding day demand of payment may be made ; and in case of non- 
payment or dishonor of the same, protest may be made, and notice given, in the same man- 
ner as if such notes, checks, bills of exchange, or other instruments fell due on the day of 
such demand ; and the rights and liabilities of all parties concerned therein shall be the 
same as in other cases of like instruments legally proceeded with; Provided, that nothing 
herein contained shall be so construed as to render void any demand, notice of protest 
made or given, or other act done, as heretofore, at the option of the holder. 

SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

JOHN LATTA, President of the Senate. 
Approved the fourth day of May, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-six. 

J. F. HARTRANFT. 



EXTRACT FROM AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved May 13, 1876. 
An Act to provide for the expenses required by an Act entitled " An Act to provide for the 
continuance of the education and maintenance of the destitute orphans of the deceased 
soldiers and sailors and the destitute children of permanently disabled soldiers and sailors 
of the State" 

Section i. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority 
of the same, * * * and it is hereby declared to be the further duty of the Superin- 
tendent to prescribe the kind of clothing to be worn by the children of said orphan schools, 
and to see that each receive an amount of the full value of twenty-five dollars ; and he is 
further authorized to permit as many of the orphan children as may be convenient to visit 
the Centennial Exhibition at some proper time during its continuance, and defray the 
expenses thereof out of the money herein appropriated. 

SAMUEL F. PATTERSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
ELISHA W. DAVIS, President pro tern, of the Senate. 
Approved the thirteenth day of May, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-six. 

J. F. HARTRANFT. 



EXTRACTS FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN F. HARTRANFT. 

January 3, 1877. 

Pennsylvania is indebted to the voluntary zeal and energy of the School Department, 
seconded by efforts of educators and teachers throughout the State, for the creditable edu- 
cational exhibit at the Centennial. In the short space of three months the hall was erected 
and the immense mass of material suitably arranged, — a work involving an amount of 
labor from the Superintendent and his assistants which is worthy of all praise. The Exhi- 
bition awakened renewed interest in educational matters, and will undoubtedly be the means 
of invigorating and improving or.r schools. 

I have heretofore earnestly pointed out the growing necessity for industrial art education. 
First, through the public schools by the introduction of mechanical and free-hand drawing; 
secondly, by night schools for adults; and, thirdly, by special schools of industrial design 
for all classes. Museums, art galleries, and other public collections are also important 
forces in industrial education. Such institutions in England, France, Germany, and other 



220 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. European countries are regarded as an essential element in national progress, and are mostly 
Pennsylvania. unc i er the patronage of the Government. Intelligence is becoming more and more a most 
important element in every department of industry. In this respect our educational system 
is wholly deficient. It turns out lawyers, doctors, preachers, and professional men in super- 
abundance, while there is a startling dearth of intelligent farmers, manufacturers, miners, 
and mechanics. A few of the States have started forward in the cause of industrial edu- 
cation by introducing drawing into their public schools, and providing museums and schools 
of design. The large and varied industries of Pennsylvania demand a similar liberality. 
The Centennial year has brought us the opportunity and placed the materials for beginning 
at our disposal. The Geological Survey of the State has collected a " mass of specimens 
which is now hid away in boxes and wholly useless, instead of being a source of instruc- 
tion to the people." The Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, modeled 
after the celebrated South Kensington Museum of London, has secured Memorial Hall in 
which to form an art-library; special collections, illustrative of industrial processes, and a 
thorough system of instruction in the arts of design as applied to manufactures, accom- 
panied by general and technical lectures. In this they are about to place the nucleus of a 
collection gathered in the rich field of the Centennial Exhibition, intended to promote the 
improvement of American industrial art. I trust these efforts will not escape your notice. 
Some means ought to be devised to make available the rich collection of the Geological 
Survey. And you will no doubt seriously consider whether in the case of the Museum and 
Industrial School, the State ought not to extend a hand to place upon a firm foundation a 
work of so much public utility. 

The Centennial Celebration has attracted particular attention to State history, with the 
gratifying result that this Commonwealth has not been behind others in providing liberally 
for the preservation of its true sources. The twenty-nine volumes of Records and Archives 
(1681-1790) published under the supervision of the late Samuel Hazard, the five volumes 
of Bates's History of Pennsylvania Volunteers (1 861-1865), and the mere recent publica- 
tion of four volumes of a second series of Archives, contain a large body of valuable ma- 
terials by that means placed beyond the possibility of destruction The labors of the His- 
torical Society of Pennsylvania in this direction are worthy of especial notice. Its well- 
managed publication fund has contributed to historical resources the Correspondence of 
Penn and Logan ; the History, by Acrelius, of our Swedish Settlers upon the Delaware 
before the Time of Penn; Heckewelder's Indian Nations; and the Historical Map of 
Pennsylvania, published in 1875. 

The Centennial closed amid general commendation. Nothing can be conceived more 
admirable than the temper in which it was undertaken and the manner in which it was 
carried out. In size, interest, and attendance it is admitted to have surpassed all previous 
Exhibitions. Many things contributed to this signal success. The co-operation of other 
States and the United States and the cordial good will of foreign nations materially aided 
the enterprise. But the main cause is to be found in the untiring energy and zeal, the pru- 
dence, judgment, and ability of the distinguished managers, and in the unexampled liber- 
ality and hospitality of the people of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia. Throughout the 
Exhibition the utmost good order prevailed, and its associations have powerfully strength- 
ened the reciprocal good will of the nations of the earth. 

The results have been great and far-reaching. It has deepened and widened the public 
mind at home, and contributed to a better understanding and higher opinion of our nation 
abroad. It has been an exhibition not only of the material products of our institutions in 
the necessities, comforts, and luxuries of civilized life so lavishly displayed, but it has also 
shown the mental characteristics which are at once the source and security of the same in- 
stitutions, the patriotism and liberality, the love of law and order, and the superior average 
intelligence of the American people. It has brought the work of our people into compar- 
ison with that of civilized nations, and in summing up what we have done has discovered 



APPENDIX D. 221 

to us the direction in which we must proceed. It has crowned the century with unalloyed State action, 
satisfaction, and we can enter upon the work of the future with the confidence and hope Penns y' vama ' 
derived from the progress of the past. 

The past year was the Centennial of the State as well as of the nation. It is natural to 
review the progress of the century; to trace the rise of the useful and ornamental arts, and 
to mark the changes that have taken place in society. At the latter part of the eighteenth 
century the province contained about four hundred thousand inhabitants. The population 
scarcely extended beyond the Susquehanna, except a few settlements that straggled into 
the wilderness and held a precarious existence amid hostile tribes of Indians and the diffi- 
culties of communicating with the more populous regions. The people were chiefly en- 
gaged in agricultural pursuits ; a few in the East were manufacturers and merchants, and 
the rude distilleries of the West turned the products of that region into merchandise. 
There were faint traces of the mining, manufacturing, and lumber interests of the present 
day ; and only a suspicion existed of the incalculable treasures buried in the earth. The 
means of disseminating intelligence and knowledge were scanty, and while the higher 
classes were educated and refined, illiteracy was common among the people. A hundred 
years have wrought a wonderful change. The population has increased tenfold, the area 
under cultivation a hundredfold, and wealth almost beyond comparison. Thousands of 
miles of canals and railroads intersect the Commonwealth. Immense mining, manufac- 
turing, agricultural, and carrying enterprises give employment to the toiling millions of the 
State. All the products of the earth are within our reach : fuel and provisions are brought 
to our doors, gas and water are in our houses, and the news of the world of yesterday is 
laid on our breakfast-tables in the morning. Thousands of schools and colleges are scat- 
tered over the State, and the post is burdened daily with millions of letters attesting the 
general diffusion of knowledge. The people are more intelligent, freer, and happier, more 
cheerful, tolerant, and liberal. The charges of modern degeneracy are refuted by the clear 
testimony of a hundred years. The cant of politics is a willful perversion of the truth of 
history. Comparing 1876 with 1776, it is apparent that we have advanced not only in 
population and wealth, but in freedom, in intelligence, in morals, and in general welfare. 

On the whole, a candid review of the situation will justify our hopes and awaken our 
gratitude. No man can regard the satisfactory growth of this State without feelings of 
pride and thankfulness. No man, certainly, can undertake to legislate for so many millions 
and such vast interests without a sense of dependence and accountability to God, who has 
guided the Commonwealth to greatness and prosperity through the vicissitudes of a hun- 
dred years. Invoking His blessing and guidance, let us, then, address ourselves to the 
task of retrieving past errors, perfecting past efforts, and devising just and salutary laws to 
assist the people in their further progress. 

JOHN F. HARTRANFT. 

Executive Chamber, Harrisburg, January 3, 1877. 



RHODE ISLAND. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR SETH PADELFORD. 

January 2, 1872. 

In January last I laid before you communications from the Governor of Pennsylvania, 
and the Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State of the United States, accompanied by an 
Act of Congress, to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American 
Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products 
of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia in the year 1876. 

The Act referred to requires that each State may send one delegate to prepare and 



State action. 
Rhode Island 



222 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

superintend the execution of the plan for holding the Exhibition, to be appointed by the 
President of the United States on the nomination of the Governors of the States. The 
State of Pennsylvania has also invited this State to send Commissioners to co-operate with 
the Commissioners of Pennsylvania and other States to aid in carrying into effect the plan 
proposed. I submit these papers again for your consideration, as by the Act of Congress 
the Commissioners are required to be appointed previous to March 3, 1872. 



RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF RHODE ISLAND. 
Passed February 8, 1872. 
Resolution providing for the nomination of Commissioners to represent this State at the 
celebration of the Centennial anniversary of American Independence at Philadelphia. 
Resolved, That there be nominated to the President of the United States, in Grand Com- 
mittee, one delegate, " whose duty with the delegates from other States it shall be," in 
accordance with an Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, "to prepare and superin- 
tend the execution of a plan for holding an International Exhibition, and after conference 
with the authorities of the City of Philadelphia, to fix upon a site where the Exhibition shall 
be held." 

Resolved, That there shall also be nominated to the President, in Grand Committee, one 
Commissioner, who shall assume the place and perform the duties of the previously nomi- 
nated delegate in case such delegate is unable to attend the meetings of the Commission. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR SETH PADELFORD. 

January 13, 1873. 

The subject of the Centennial Celebration of the Independence of the United States, 
at Philadelphia, in 1876, was brought before the General Assembly at its last January ses- 
sion, and a committee of two gentlemen, one from Newport and the other from Providence, 
was appointed to co-operate with the authorities of Philadelphia in carrying out any plans 
that might be adopted to insure the success of the contemplated Exhibition. 

This Exhibition is intended to surpass any ever held in the United States. 

I have received several communications on the subject, which will be laid before you 
for such action as may be deemed necessary. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR HENRY LIPPITT. 

January, 1 876. 

No influence is more potent to heal the wounds of the late war than the personal meeting 
of the Northern and Southern people to celebrate the glories of our common country. The 
most important of these occasions will occur this year in Philadelphia. The arrangements 
are now so complete that the success of the enterprise is assured. Most of the nations of 
the earth will be represented by their products and their citizens. The reputation of the 
nation is at stake. The States are vying with each other in a generous rivalry to help the 
common cause. Rhode Island must not lose her prestige in the struggle. Through the 
mists of over a hundred years the burning of the Gaspee beacons the first blow for freedom. 
The troops in the Federal camp before Boston, that of all others were marked by their 
discipline, their equipments, and by their effectiveness, was the battalion from Rhode 
Island, led by Nathaniel Greene. Among the first to enter Washington to defend the 
nation's liberties, armed, provisioned, equipped, and in condition without a halt, to attack 



APPENDIX D. 



223 



the enemy, was a regiment from Rhode Island. She sent Perry to Lake Erie, — and Barton State action, 
to capture Prescott. Our ancestors contributed liberally to the nation's needs. Many of Rhode Island, 
them gave their lives to make the nation free. In the darkest hours they persevered, and 
finally obtained for us the freedom we have enjoyed. They fought and won; it is for us 
to celebrate their glorious deeds. Something has already been done in this direction. The 
women of Rhode Island, always patriotic, have earned for the cause many thousand dol- 
lars. For the assistance they have already rendered, and for that to be derived from their 
uncompleted efforts, they are entitled to the greatest praise. 

Our excellent educational system should be exhibited. Those of other States are to be 
displayed with great care, and ours should certainly be in the collection. As we shall gain 
by the study of other systems, ours will in like degree add something to the nation's 
knowledge of the educational problem of to-day. 

Some of our manufacturing interests are to be well represented, and if the others will 
take advantage of the time that yet remains, we shall be proud of our exhibit. In the 
centre of Machinery Hall, furnishing all the power for the myriad machines about it, will 
stand a Rhode Island engine. 

One of our manufacturers proposes to set up a complete manufactory in the Centennial 
buildings, and to produce from the raw material the manufactured product in all its excel- 
lence. Others will carry to the Exhibition the various wares their skill has produced. To 
give them the aid that other States are extending to their citizens, an early appropriation is 
needed. It is for you to say in what condition, and under what auspices, the State shall 
appear at the nation's birthday celebration. 



RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF RHODE ISLAND. 

Passed March 3, 1876. 

Resolution making an appropriation to secure a creditable representation of the State at 

the National Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. 

Resolved, That the Governor and the State Centennial Commission are hereby au- 
thorized to expend a sum not exceeding in all seventy-one hundred dollars, for the pur- 
pose of paying expenses already incurred by said Commission, and in securing a creditable 
representation of the industrial and educational interests of the State at the National Cen- 
tennial Exhibition to be holden in Philadelphia, and the said sum of seventy-one hundred 
dollars, or such portion thereof as may be required, is hereby appropriated for said pur- 
poses, and the General Treasurer is directed to pay the same upon the orders of the Governor 
and said Commission. 



CIRCULAR ISSUED BY THE GOVERNOR OF RHODE ISLAND. 



STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. 
Rhode Island Week at Philadelphia, First Week in October. 

SEVENTH OF THE SERIES OF CENTENNIAL RECEPTIONS TO BE GIVEN BY THE GOVERNORS 
OF THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES. 

His Excellency HENRY LIPPITT, Governor of the State of Rhode Island, will hold 
a Reception at the Rhode Island State Building, in the Centennial grounds, Philadelphia, 
on Thursday, the fifth of October, 1876. 



224 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, PROVIDENCE, Sept. l8, 1876. 

Rhode Island. . „ . . 

All citizens of Rhode Island, and all natives of the State, or their descendants, now 

residing in other sections of the United States, are cordially invited to be present at the 
above-named reception ; also, all who are allied by birth to those who distinguished them- 
selves in our Revolutionary struggle, or are in any way connected with or interested in the 
history of the State, either in the past or present, are invited to assist in making the day 
memorable and historic. 

All city and town authorities, and the press of the State, are earnestly invited to co- 
operate in making the occasion creditable alike to the State and to their constituencies. 

HENRY LIPPITT, Governor. 

J. M. Addeman, Seer eta? y of State. 



Virginia. 



VIRGINIA. 



FROM THE APPENDIX TO THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JAMES L. 

KEMPER. 
December 6, 1876. 

Commonwealth of Virginia, 
Governor's Office, Richmond, 7th October, 1876. 
J. E. Peyton, Esq. : 

Sir, — According to the promise made to you some days ago, I respond now to the very 
cordial and flattering invitation you then bore to me from the Centennial Commission. 

In behalf of the Commission you propose that I issue my proclamation inviting the 
people of Virginia and their descendants and relatives in other States to meet me, in my 
official character, at a reception to be held within the Centennial grounds, on the 19th 
instant, the anniversary of the British surrender at Yorktown. You express the opinion 
that such a proclamation, and the reception held in pursuance of it, by the Governor of the 
oldest of the original thirteen States, would attract a vast concourse, perhaps one or two 
hundred thousand persons or more, to the National Exhibition, and would be attended with 
results of enduring and patriotic interest to the entire country. 

Duly and most respectfully appreciating the honor of this invitation, and anxious to 
decide rightly every question connected with it, I have reserved the subject for a brief 
period of reflection. 

I beg you to be assured, sir, that I am ever ready to devote all the resources at my 
command to the task of restoring peace and propagating fraternal good will over our com- 
mon country, and I have not failed to contribute the utmost in my power to the success of 
the Centennial Exhibition and Celebration. 

You are aware that in my last annual message to the Legislature of this State I 
earnestly urged that body to make such appropriation for the purpose as would convey an 
official recognition by Virginia of the Centennial enterprise, and, at the same time, insure 
a full exhibition of our resources in connection with it. That recommendation was 
thoroughly considered and finally rejected. It was thought the State could not honestly 
afford an appropriation even for such a purpose. This Commonwealth had been the prin- 
cipal theatre of the recent four years' war, and, in the course of it, had been scourged, 
stripped, desolated, and trampled by more than a million of armed men. Our losses and 
sufferings very far exceeded those of any other State. Struggling ever since with adversity, 
borne down with heavy public and private indebtedness, and unable even yet to meet all 
the interest accruing upon it, Virginia declined to incur the cost of taking part in the Cen- 
tennial because her poverty, and not her will, forbade the diversion of any portion of her 
revenues to that object. 



APPENDIX D. 



225 



This adverse action of the Legislature was in response to the question I submitted for its State action, 
determination. To contravene it now would involve not only a breach of the faith, in lr g' ma - 
which the submission was made, but disrespect to the department whose judgment I 
invoked. 

If I should accede to your request ; if the part proposed to be borne by me could avail 
anything; and if our combined efforts should succeed in drawing to Philadelphia such a 
concourse of Virginians as you expect, then I would be partly instrumental in causing this 
impoverished people to spend, in connection with the Centennial and beyond their State, a 
very large sum of money : whereas the same people, through their law-making power, have 
just declared their inability to contribute even a small sum to that object. I would be 
assuming to do, or to join others in doing, on a great scale in one form, what I have been 
authoritatively forbidden to do on a small scale in another form. I would be assisting in 
the indirect application from this State of some millions of dollars to an object substantially 
the same, or cognate to the same, for which the Legislature refused a direct appropriation 
of a few thousands. 

Nor, in my opinion, is it right in itself that I should exert any supposed official influence 
in stimulating the people of Virginia to increase the contributions they are now making 
with a liberal hand in this direction. They are doubtless well-wishers of yourself and your 
associate investors in the Centennial enterprise ; but whatever might induce them to incur 
the extraordinary expenditure now proposed, would serve but to diminish unduly the reduced 
means they have, in order to augment your comparative abundance. Those really able to 
visit the Exhibition have gone or will go, and their going is very properly determined 
without regard to any movements of mine. None others in justice to themselves can go; 
and I would not if I could attract to Philadelphia those who, in view of their necessities at 
home, ought not to go at all. 

Moreover, while such a proclamation as you suggest seems to be warranted by usage in 
some of the States, it would be notable in Virginia as extra-official and without authority, 
and it would contravene rules and limitations which here, for a hundred years, have been 
held inviolable. 

In declining to participate officially in the Centennial exercises, I am content to know 
that neither my presence nor absence affects any inter-State or inter-sectional or political 
relations or interests. Nevertheless, I hold myself free to change any of my conclusions 
whenever it becomes proper to do so. You and others inform me it is proposed that the 
chief executive officers of all the States and Territories shall meet together in Philadelphia 
before the close of the Centennial, and that such representatives of all the States, other 
than Virginia, are expected to be present. In that improbable event I would not be willing 
that exceptional absence on the part of Virginia should cause her to be misunderstood, or 
should be the solitary incident to mar the completeness of such an occasion. 

Let no man do Virginia the wrong to suppose that she measures the value of the Cen- 
tennial,, or estimates current events, by any selfish or merely material standard. It is true 
that, passing through a period of embarrassment, she recognizes the obligation as one of 
paramount importance to enforce the sternest economy in order to pay her debt and vindi- 
cate her plighted faith ; yet Virginia is no step behind her foremost sisters in patriotic efforts 
to advance the progress, the peace, and the liberties of a Union now constitutionally indis- 
soluble. With regretful composure, without abating her known spirit of conciliation, she 
beholds the untimely sectional animosities and reproaches which, provoked by no act of 
hers, have marred the noblest design of the Centennial celebration. All the world knows 
that no laggard heart inspires Virginia. Her absence from Philadelphia shall speak for her 
with not less significance than her presence. Standing beside her own ancient hearthstone ; 
scarred, afflicted, poor; but with her brow uplifted; with pure and unfaltering faith; with 
unquailing honor and unbroken pride ; Virginia speaks Centennial greetings of affection to 
all her sister States. To Massachusetts she sends greeting in the name of the great Vir- 
ginian who first unsheathed his sword on Cambridge Common as leader of the armies of 

l 5 



226 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. the Revolution. She greets the States of the great Northwest, whose territory she gave as 
Virginia. a more t j ian imperial dowry to the youthful Union. She greets Philadelphia, the cradle of 

independence and the birthplace of federal Union, to which a Virginia statesman gave the 
grandest of its historic glories. And, in the voice and spirit of a hundred years ago, she 
speaks for a Union of patriotic and heroic hearts ; for our common liberties ; for a Govern- 
ment deriving its just powers from the consent of the governed; for equal right and im- 
partial justice to all sections, States, and men ; and she craves of all that for the support 
of these principles, " with a firm reliance on Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to 
each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor." 

I have the honor to be, sir, yours respectfully, 

JAMES L. KEMPER. 



Washington 
Territory. 



WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 

EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR ELISHA P. FERRY. 

October 9, 1873. 
The One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence will be celebrated in the 
City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876, by an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, 
and Products of the Soil and Mine. The President of the United States, in accordance 
with the Act of Congress providing for this Exhibition, has appointed Commissioners from 
each State and Territory to prepare and carry out plans for the Exhibition. Hon. Elwood 
Evans has been appointed Commissioner, and Hon. A. S. Abernethy Alternate Commis 
sioner, from this Territory. The former attended the annual session of the Commission in 
the City of Philadelphia in May last. Considerable progress has been made by the Com- 
mission, and from the plans adopted and the general interest manifested, we have reason 
to believe that this Exhibition will surpass in magnitude and importance every other that 
has ever been held in this or any other country. 

Washington Territory and its productions should be fully represented at this Exhibition. 
No better opportunity can ever be offered to enable us to show to the world the products 
of our mines, our forests, our fields, our orchards, our gardens, and the progress we have 
made in arts and manufactures. The Exhibition will open on the 19th of April, and close 
on the 19th of October, 1876. I earnestly recommend that a liberal appropriation be 
made to defray any necessary expense that may be incurred to secure a representation at 
the annual session of the Commission, and a full co-operation by this Territory with the 
other Territories and States in this grand and patriotic undertaking. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR ELISHA P. FERRY. 

October 5, 1875. 
The attention of the people of the United States and of the world is strongly directed 
towards the Centennial Exhibition, which will be held in the City of Philadelphia, from the 
eleventh day of May to the eleventh day of November next. The design of the Exhibition 
is to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, and 
to exhibit to the nations of the world the wonderful and unparalleled progress of the great 
American Republic in the short period of a single century. Whether Washington Terri- 
tory is represented or not will be of little importance to the Exhibition. If we do not 
avail ourselves of an opportunity which may never occur again to exhibit our productions, 
the loss will be our own. Every State and every other Territory will probably unite in 
this Celebration, and it will be a matter of deep regret to our people if the space allotted to 
cur Territory shall remain vacant. It is indispensably necessary that an appropriation be 
made in order to secure a full and proper representation of the products of our forestS ( 
our farms, and our mines; and I earnestly commend this subject to your consideration. 



APPENDIX D. 
WEST VIRGINIA, 



227 



State action. 
West Virginia 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN J. JACOB. 

Executive Department, December 1, 1873. 
Gentlemen of the Senate and of the House of Delegates : 

Under the Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, entitled "An Act to provide for 
celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an 
International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the 
City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, in the year 1876," the President of the 
United States was authorized to appoint, upon the nominations of the Governors of the re- 
spective States, one Commissioner and one Alternate for each State. For this State I nom- 
inated in September, 1871, the Hon. A. R. Boteler, of Jefferson, as Commissioner, and A. 
J. Sweeney, Esq., of Wheeling, as Alternate, and they were subsequently appointed by the 
President. Commissioners and Alternates were in like manner appointed for the other 
States and Territories. And I am much gratified to know that the two gentlemen who were 
appointed on behalf of this State have taken a leading and active part in the Commission 
of which they are honored members. The Commission thus constituted has organized and 
commenced operations by devising plans for this Centennial Exhibition of 1876 on a scale 
of. magnificence commensurate with the glory and growth of our grand Republic. In 
this grand Exhibition, which is intended at once to celebrate the Anniversary of our Inde- 
pendence as a nation, and our progress as a people in arts, in manufactures, in agriculture, and 
in mining, it is most desirable that West Virginia may occupy no mean position. With the 
view of having the State handsomely represented in her products at this Exhibition, Mr. 
Boteler recommends the appointment of agen s on the part of the State, whose duty it shall 
be to visit every county of the State and collect together articles suitable for exhibition. 
The communication of Colonel Boteler I transmit herewith ; it presents in handsome terms 
the objects and purposes of the Centennial Exhibition. I also transmit a communication of 
the Hon. A. T. Goshorn, Director-General of the United States Centennial Commission, 
in which he recommends the appointment of State Boards in each State, whose duty shall 
be to procure " representations of the natural resources and industrial progress of the State." 
I earnestly recommend that you authorize either the appointment of a " State Board," as 
suggested by Mr. Goshorn, or State agents, as advised by Colonel Boteler. The letter of 
Colonel Boteler so strongly presents the necessity of seme action on the part of the State 
that I deem it unnecessary to press the subject further upon your attention. 

JOHN J. JACOB. 



Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, W. Va., November 1, 1873. 
To his Excellency John J. Jacob, Governor of West Virginia : 

Dear Sir, — By to-day's express I have the pleasure of sending you a box containing 
folio photographs of all the various plans, with their accompanying estimates and explana- 
tions, which have been submitted for the proposed Centennial Exhibition buildings at 
Philadelphia, in 1876. 

In transmitting these copies to your Excellency for such disposition o" them as you your- 
self may prefer, I take occasion respectfully to suggest that, in view of the grave importance 
of having the numerous natural resources and diversifie 1 industrial interests of our State 
fully and fitly represented at the approaching Centennial Exhibition, it will be necessary 
for the Legislature to authorize some suitable provision for that purpose at its present ses- 
sion, as only two years remain in which to make the preliminary arrangements for a proper 
display on that occasion of our products, arts, and industries. 

Apart from those patriotic considerations which it is hoped will enlist the hearty sym- 
pathy and support of every American citizen in behalf of an appropriate commemoration of 



228 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action the close of the first century of our national existence, to which the country is fully committed 
est Virginia. ^ ^ e Act of Congress and the Proclamation of the President, it will be almost impossible 
to overestimate the positive and permanent benefits which West Virginia will derive from 
the contemplated Exhibition (which is to be the main feature of the Celebration), by making 
it the medium of proving to the world that the vast extent and variety of her undeveloped 
resources present extraordinary inducements for the in'roduction of foreign capital and for 
its profitable investment amongst us in every department of operative industry. The Ex- 
hibition will open on the nineteenth of April, the anniversary of Lexington, and close on 
the nineteenth of October, the anniversary of Yorktown. 

During the six months of its continuance, it is safe to say that it will be visited by ten 
millions of people, that being the number of visitors to the Universal Exhibition at Paris 
in 1867. 

No such opportunity, therefore, has ever been offered or is likely again to occur for an 
effective display, under such favorable auspices, of the productive capabilities of our State, 
which need only to be widely known to be properly appreciated and promptly utilized, so 
that it will be worse than folly not to avail ourselves of it to our utmost ability. 

Whilst the Centennial Exhibition is designed chiefly to illustrate the growth of our 
country during the first hundred years of its independence, and to express its progress in 
all that benefits mankind under the fostering influences of its free institutions, it will not 
be merely an American display, but international and universal as well, to which the whole 
world has been formally invited to contribute in friendly competition. 

Your Excellency is aware that all the principal nationalities of Europe — England, 
France, Russia, Prussia, Holland, Belgium, and Austria — have held their grand Exhibi- 
tions, each increasing in interest and importance over its predecessor, and all constantly 
crowded when open with intelligent and inquiring observers from every quarter of the 
globe. You know what vast resources and boundless wealth have been put in requisition 
to make them useful and attractive ; how, besides the natural products of the earth, the 
creations of inventive genius, the discoveries of science, the achievements of mechanism, 
the triumphs of art, and, in short, everything that could show improvement in the world- 
wants, which could lessen labor of human hands and lighten the load on human hearts, 
have been brought together on those occasions, which the highest nobility have esteemed 
it an honor to be permitted to manage, and which have always been inaugurated with 
gorgeous ceremonies under the immediate patronage of majesty itself. 

In the field of these world-dazzling demonstrations the United States is about to enter 
the lists and compete for the palm of supremacy. The contest will not be alone between 
the great old empires of Europe and the youngest born of nations, but also between the 
rival forms of their Governments; so that if the Centennial Celebration of 1876 shall be 
pronounced a failure, the American Republic will fall in the estimation of mankind, and 
monarchies be proclaimed the form of government that calls forth the energies and develops 
the highest capabilities of a people. 

There is, consequently, every incentive to make our International Exhibition creditable 
to our country, instructive to our people, attractive to the world, and in every way worthy 
of the great event it is intended to commemorate. 

The continent is beginning to stir with the busy notes of preparation. The national 
Congress, the President and his Cabinet, the Legislatures of thirty States, the leading cities, 
prosperous towns, and lonely villages have already taken action in the premises, and it now 
becomes a question of pressing importance what part will West Virginia be prepared to take 
in the proposed commemorative Exhibition of 1876. 

Entertaining, as I do, implicit confidence in the patriotism, intelligence, and public 
spirit of the people of my native State, I have no fear of their failing to avail themselves of 
the opportunities of the occasion, and of their contributing to the West Virginia compart- 
ments of the Centennial buildings very many most valuable and interesting evidences of 
their skill, taste, and enterprise. But it will not do in this important matter to rely exclu- 



APPENDIX D. 



229 



sively upon the unaided and unorganized efforts of our fellow-citizens, who have the same State action, 
facilities of intercommunication as the people of the States of the Union. West Vlr S ini 

I, therefore, most respectfully submit to your Excellency the policy and propriety of your 
bringing this subject to the attention of the Legislature for such action as, in the judgment 
of its members, may best promote the interests and honor of our State in connection with 
the Centennial. My own idea is that at least a sufficient appropriation should be made to 
secure the services of one or two competent and energetic agents, whose duty it shall be to 
visit every county in the State for the purpose of procuring therefrom suitable specimens of 
their respective minerals, timber, and other natural products, which should be properly 
prepared for the Exhibition, to be accompanied by concise statistical explanations in pam- 
phlet form for gratuitous distribution. 

The specimens thus obtained from our fields, fruits, mines, and mountains can be re- 
claimed after the close of the Exhibition as the property of the State, and, if deposited in 
the Capitol, or in the cabinet of our University, would constitute a most valuable collection 
for future reference, in which the resources of each county would appear and make their 
own appeal to the spectator in a more forcible and satisfactory mode than mere words 
could do. 

Knowing the interest that your Excellency feels in the success of the Centennial, and 
how solicitous you are that West Virginia shall not be behind her sister States in making a 
creditable and characteristic display upon the occasion, I offer no apology for troubling you 
with this communication. 

I am, with sincere regard, most respectfully your obedient servant, 

ALEXANDER R. BOTELER. 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERN R JOHN J. JACOB. 

Executive Department, Charleston, February 8, 1875. 
Gentlemen of the Senate and of the House of Delegates : 

The International Exhibition to be held in the City of Philadelphia in 1876, to celebrate 
the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence, must awaken a lively interest 
in all parts of the Union. This Exhibition will open before the meeting of the next Legis- 
lature, and therefore it is of prime importance that some action should be taken at the 
present session providing for the part tha' West Virginia is to take in this magnificent dis- 
play of the productions of the civilized world. I believe it would cause great regret and 
mortification among our people if the State should fall behind our sister States in this Exhi- 
bition merely for the want of timely preparation. I have, therefore, felt it to be my duty 
to call your attention to the subject, trusting that it may be your pleasure to take prompt 
action in the premises. 

I transmit herewith a copy of a communication addressed to me by the Hon. A. T. 
Goshorn, Director-General of the Centennial Commission, and invite special attention to 
his views. I also refer you to a special message and the accompanying correspondence 
made to the last Legislature, December 1, 1873; it ma Y be found in House Journal, page 
333. These papers will explain the objects to be gained by legislation. 

If it should be your pleasure to adopt the suggestions made in them, I recommend that 
you either make a special appropriation or authorize the Civil Contingent Fund to be used, 
to a limited extent, to meet expenses necessarily incident to any plan that you may adopt. 

JOHN J. JACOB. 



State ruction. 
We*t Virginia. 



230 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

EXTRACT FROM THE ANNUAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN J. 

JACOB. 
November 10, 1875. 
During your last session I made a communication to you in relation to the Centennial 
Exhibition to be held in Philadelphia, recommending suitable action on your part looking 
to a proper representation of the State in this great enterprise. The Senate passed a bill 
on this subject, but it was not reached in the House. A State Board of Managers, recently 
appointed, have been actively engaged in the effort to awaken public interest in the matter, 
and in securing specimens from all parts of the State for exhibition. They have without 
compensation or the expectation of compensation very intelligently and energetically per- 
formed their duties. But expense must necessarily be incurred ; a secretary must be em- 
ployed, freights paid, besides other items of outlay. A very large number of our citizens 
will visit the Exhibition, and the Board of Managers propose to erect on the grounds a 
temporary building as " headquarters" for all citizens of the State ; a place where they can 
procure without cost all information which strangers in a great crowd of people so much 
need. I deem no argument on my part necessary to show the importance of making an 
appropriation adequate to the wants to be supplied, as I feel assured that you are in sym- 
pathy with me in this undertaking. From year to year we devote a very large portion of 
the revenue to the education of the young, the care of the insane, to the deaf and dumb 
and blind, and to the restraint and punishment of criminals. It will be a small concession 
to the farmer, the mechanic, the manufacturer, and the miner, to the active energetic classes 
who create the wealth of the State and pay the taxes in this our Centennial year, to make 
an appropriation that will inure to their benefit 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF WEST VIRGINIA. 

Approved December 14, 1875. 

1. That there shall be a State Board of Centennial Managers, consisting of the United 
States Centennial Commissioners for the State of West Virginia and five persons appointed 
by the Governor of the State, who shall fill any vacancy that may occur in said Board. 

2. That the Board shall appoint one or more persons in each county of the State for 
the purpose of collecting materials for exhibition at the Centennial Exhibition to be held 
in the City of Philadelphia in 1876; and it shall cause to be printed such proper blanks 
and circulars as may be necessary for instruction and guidance in collecting and forwarding 
specimens, employ agents to classify, arrange, and prepare for exhibition all materials, 
whether natural, scientific, or mechanical, which may be available for, and significant of, 
the resources of West Virginia, and do all things which, in the judgment of the Board, may 
best serve to promote the interests of the State at the Centennial. 

3. That the sum of twenty thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated to 
carry out the provisions of this Act, to be drawn by order of, and disbursed by the Gov- 
ernor to the said State Board of Centennial Managers, on its requisition, for the defraying 
of the actual expenses incurred by it ; Provided, that all bills and accounts before paid shall 
be audited and approved by the Governor. 

4. That the said State Board of Centennial Managers shall render an account of their 
disbursements of the money so drawn by them to the Governor, as provided for in the last 
section, who shall report to the next Legislature. 

5. This Act shall take effect from its passage. 



APPENDIX D. 



23I 



SPECIAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN J. JACOB. State action. 

West Virginia. 

Executive Department, February 9, 1877. 
Gentlemen of the Senate and of the House of Delegates : 

I respectfully transmit herewith the report of the State Board of Centennial Managers, 
showing the operations and expenditures of the Board. The total amount of expenditures 
was $21,033.55, b ut there was realized from the sale of the building and furniture, etc., 
$1362.02; consequently, of the appropriation of $20,000 the sum of $19,687.53 was drawn 
out of the treasury, leaving a balance of $312.47 unexpended. I also submit a list of the 
requisitions made on this appropriation, together with the vouchers for the same. The 
report of the Board is so full and concise that little remains to be said by me. The Cen- 
tennial Managers freely gave their time and valuable services to the State without com- 
pensation. The very short time given them to prepare for the great Exhibition required 
promptness, energy, and activity; and so well did they discharge their duties, that in point 
of substantial merit no State in the Union was better represented than West Virginia. 
Some other States made more ambitious and attractive displays, but none excelled, and few 
equaled, our own State in the exhibition of the solid and substantial elements of wealth. 

I am well satisfied that the position which the State took in this Exhibition will result 
in marked benefit to the State ; probably the same amount of money could not have been 
expended in any other way so advantageously. 

The Board of Managers recommend that -provision be made for a geological survey of 
the State. I heartily concur in the recommendation. Our greatest sources of wealth are 
to be found beneath the surface of the soil, and I know not how the public interests can be 
better promoted than by such a survey made by scientific men. The condition of the reve- 
nue will not permit it for the present, but suitable provision might be made for future 
operations in this direction. 

JOHN J. JACOB. 



WISCONSIN. Wisconsin. 

ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF WISCONSIN. 
Approved March 3, 1875. 

The people of the State of Wisconsin, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as 
follows : 

Whereas, By an Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1 87 1, provision was made for 
celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding in the 
City of Philadelphia, in 1876, an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and the Products of 
the Soil and Mine of this country, in comparison with the products of older nations; and 

Whereas, A Centennial Commission, consisting of representatives from each State and 
Territory, was authorized to be appointed to carry out the provisions of this Act ; and 

Whereas, That Commission has made progress with the preparation for an International 
Exhibition, to open on the 10th day of May, 1876, and to close on the loth day of Novem- 
ber in the same year ; and 

Whereas, The President of the United States, by proclamation, on the 4th day of July, 
1873, announced the Exhibition and National Celebration, and commended them to the 
people of the United States and of all nations ; and 

Whereas, A large number of foreign Governments have signified their intention to par- 
ticipate in the Exhibition ; and 

Whereas, It is deemed essential that Wisconsin, with its vast resources in agricultural, 
mineral, lumbering, manufacturing, and other products and industries, should be fully 
represented in such industrial Exhibition ; 



232 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. Section I. The Governor of the State of Wisconsin is hereby authorized and requested 



Wisconsin 



to appoint a Board of State Centennial Managers, to consist of five persons. That the 
United States Centennial Commissioner and the United States Alternate Centennial Com- 
missioner shall be ex-officio members of the said Board of State Centennial Managers 
hereby created, in addition to the five persons authorized to be appointed. 

Sec. 2. The duties of the said Board of State Centennial Managers shall be : To dissem- 
inate information regarding the Exhibition ; to secure the co-operation of industrial, scien- 
tific, agricultural, and other associations in the State; to appoint co-operative local com- 
mittees, representing the different industries of the State; to stimulate local action on all 
measures intended to render the Exhibition successful, and a worthy representation of the 
industries of the country ; to encourage the production of articles suitable for the Exhibi- 
tion; to distribute documents issued by the Centennial Commission among manufacturers 
and others in the State ; to render assistance in furthering the financial and other interests 
of the Exhibition; to furnish information to the Commission on subjects that may be referred 
to the Board ; to care for the interests of the State and of its citizens in matters relating to 
the Exhibition ; to receive and pronounce upon applications for space ; to apportion the space 
placed at its disposal among the exhibitors from the State, and to supervise such other details 
relating to the representation of citizens of Wisconsin in the Exhibition as may from time 
to time be delegated to it by the United States Centennial Commission. 

Sec. 3. The Board of State Centennial Managers hereby created shall meet on the first 
Wednesday in April, 1875, at the Capitol, in Madison, and organize by electing one of its 
members President of the Board, and by the election of a Secretary and such other officers, 
and by the adoption of such by-laws and regulations for its government as may be deemed 
necessary for the successful prosecution of the work committed to its charge. 

Sec. 4. The members of the Board of State Centennial Managers provided for in the 
first section of this Act shall receive from the State no compensation for their services. The 
expenses necessarily incurred in the discharge of the duties imposed on said Board of State 
Centennial Managers in the transaction of its business, procuring printing, etc., shall be 
paid by the State, to an amount not exceeding two thousand dollars. No account shall be 
allowed and paid until an itemized bill shall be presented to the Secretary of State, and by 
him examined; and if in his estimation the expenditures charged for are just, reasonable, 
and proper, he shall audit such account, and draw his warrant upon the State Treasurer for 
the payment of the same. 

Sec. 5. There is hereby appropriated out of any money in the State treasury, not other- 
wise appropriated, a sufficient sum to pay the drafts provided for in the preceding section 
of this Act ; Provided, however, that the whole amount drawn under the provisions of this 
Act shall not exceed two thousand dollars. 

Sec. 6. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and 
publication. 

Approved March 3, 1875. 



EXTRACT FROM THE MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR HARRISON LUDINGTON. 

January 13, 1876. 
You will recognize the importance of providing for the adequate representation of 
Wisconsin at the Centennial Exhibition, which is to take place at Philadelphia during the 
present year, both as a matter of State pride and for more substantial considerations. The 
occasion will afford an excellent opportunity to display the resources and products of the 
State, and to attract hither capital and immigration. Nearly all of the States have appro- 
priated liberal sums for the purpose, and Wisconsin should be creditably represented, or 
not at all. I submit to your generosity and patriotism to appropriate such an amount as 
shall seem to you to be sufficient, to be placed in the hands of the State Board of Centennial 
Managers, leaving it to them to determine how it shall be expended. 



APPENDIX D. 



233 



ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF WISCONSIN. State action. 

Wisconsin. 
Approved March 3, 1876. 

The people of the State of Wisconsin, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as 
follows : 

Section i. There is hereby appropriated to the use of the State Board of Centennial 
Managers, out of any money in the general fund not otherwise appropriated, the sum of 
twenty thousand dollars, to be drawn from the State treasury on the proper draft or voucher 
of said State Board of Centennial Managers, as the same may be from time to time needed 
for the purpose of arranging for and making a proper exhibition of the products, resources, 
and advantages of the State at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, from May 10 to 
November 10, 1876. The State Treasurer of the State of Wisconsin is hereby made ex 
officio a member of said State Board of Centennial Managers and the Treasurer thereof, 
and in no event shall the State be liable for expenditures incurred in behalf of said Exhibi- 
tion to a greater amount than has been, and is here, appropriated ; Provided, that no pur- 
chase shall be made for the said Exhibition on behalf of the State, by the said Board of 
Centennial Managers, without the same being first approved by the Governor; Provided 
further, that all accounts shall require the approval of the Governor before presentation 
for payment. 

Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the said Board of Managers to securely keep, and safely 
return to the State of Wisconsin, all articles that may be purchased or procured by said 
Board and taken from the State for such Exhibition, to be deposited in such departments 
of the State Capitol or other public buildings as the Legislature of 1877 may direct. The 
Superintendent of Public Property shall receive, receipt for, and safely keep, all articles so 
returned, subject to the disposition of the said Legislature of 1877. 

Sec. 3. The said Board of Centennial Managers shall make a detailed report to the 
Legislature of 1877 of all expenditures incurred under the provisions of this Act, and file 
all accounts, vouchers, records, and papers connected with their management, as soon after 
the 10th day of November, 1876, as possible, in the office of the Secretary of State. Said 
Board of Centennial Managers shall also report to the Legislature of 1877 a full and com- 
plete list of the articles taken or exhibited at the said Exhibition from Wisconsin, and 
returned to the State as in this Act provided. 

Sec. 4. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and 
publication. 



DAKOTA. Dakota 

PROCLAMATION OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. PENNINGTON. 

February 16, 1 874. 

Whereas, By an Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1871, provision is made for the 
national celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United 
States, by the holding of an Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil 
and Mine ; and a proclamation was issued by the President July 4, 1873, announcing the 
Exhibition and National Celebration, commending them to the people of the United States 
and of all nations; 

And whereas, The Act of Congress provided for the organization of the United States 
Centennial Commission, " whose duty it shall be to prepare and superintend the execution 
of a plan for holding the Exhibition;" 

And whereas, Upon the nomination of the Governors, the President has appointed Com- 
missioners for the several States and Territories, — Hon. George A. Batchelder having been 
appointed Commissioner, and Hon. Solomon L. Spink, Alternate, for Dakota; 



234 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. And whereas, In a circular issued by Commissioner A. T. Goshorn, Director-General 

Dakota. of said international Exhibition, at Philadelphia, November, 1873, apian of State and Ter- 

ritorial organization is recommended as follows : 

" To provide for the efficient adjustment of the preliminaries to the Exhibition, and to 
organize a uniform system to this end throughout the United States, the several States and 
Territories are invited and recommended to appoint, as early as possible, State Centennial 
Managers, not exceeding five in number. They should be selected entirely with regard to 
their familiarity with the resources, arts, and products of their State, their business experi- 
ence, and executive skill. The State Managers, with the United States Commissioners and 
Alternate Commissioners, shall constitute the State Board of Centennial Managers for each 
State and Territory. 

" On the State Board will devolve all the responsibility of organizing its State or Terri- 
tory, and of securing its thorough representation in the Exhibition. It will have to care 
for the interests of its own State and of its citizens in matters relating to the Exhibition ; 
to disseminate information about it; to issue invitations to participate; to receive and pro- 
nounce upon applications for space ; to apportion the space placed at its disposal among the 
exhibitors from its State ; and to supervise such other details relating to the representation 
of its citizens in the Exhibition as may from time to time be delegated to it by the United 
States Centennial Commission. It is of extreme importance that the State Boards shall be 
organized and at work at the earliest day possible. It is hoped that all may have been 
appointed before April I, 1874;" 

And whereas, It is desirable that in accordance with the above recommendation a 
Board be appointed and organized to superintend the interests of Dakota in the said Inter- 
national Exhibition without delay; and as there will be no session of the Legislative 
Assembly of the Territory until December, 1874; now, therefore, 

I, John L. Pennington, Governor of the said Territory of Dakota, do appoint and 
proclaim Hon. F.J. Dewitt, Yankton County; Hon. E. W. Miller, Union County; Hon. 
A. F. Shaw, Minnehaha County; Hon. Walter J. S. Trail, Grand Forks County; Hon. 
W. A. Burleigh, Bon Homme County; as constituting the said Territorial Board, and 
do enjoin upon them a speedy organization for the purposes contemplated by their appoint- 
ment. 

And it will be the pleasure of the Executive, as he will deem it to be his duty, to lay 
the subject before the Legislative Assembly of the Territory, at its next session, and recom- 
mend that such appropriation be made as will enable the Commissioners and State Board 
to render the part taken by them in this great National Exhibition creditable, both to them- 
selves and to the people of the Territory whom they represent. 

In testimony whereof I have signed my name, and caused to be affixed hereunto the 
Great Seal of the Territory of Dakota. 

Done at Yankton, the capital of said Territory, this sixteenth day of February, 
[Seal.] in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four. 

JOHN L. PENNINGTON, Governor of Dakota Territory. 

OSCAR WHITNEY, Secretary. 



MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. PENNINGTON. 
December 7, 1874. 
The Centennial Exhibition, which it is proposed to hold in Philadelphia in the year 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six, to celebrate and commemorate the one hundredth anni- 
versary of American Independence, is attracting the attention not only of the entire people 
of our own country but of all the civilized nations of the world, and it is expected that all 
the Christian powers of the earth will be represented in this great jubilee on the occasion of 
this first Centennial Anniversary of the freest and greatest nation of the earth. 



APPENDIX D. 235 

While we cannot expect to compete with the States, or even with the older Territories, State action, 
in contributions to that vast collection, still we can contribute something, and I imagine Dakota ' 
ihat every patriot Dakotian will desire that there be a Dakota department in this greatest of 
all world's exhibitions. 

Impresssed that such would be the wishes of our people, and in obedience to an invi- 
tation by the Commissioners of the Centennial Exhibition to all the States and Territories 
to appoint a Board of Managers, not to exceed five in number, to represent the interests of 
their respective constituencies in the said Exhibition, I appointed, by proclamation, on the 
1 6th day of February, 1874, Hon. F. J. Dewitt, Hon. E. W. Miller, Hon. A. F. Shaw, 
Hon. Walter J. S. Trail, and Hon. W. A. Burleigh to constitute the said Board for this 
Territory. 

I respectfully request that your honorable body recognize this Board of Managers, and 
clothe them with all the necessary authority to co-operate with the Commissioners appointed 
by the President of the United States in giving Dakota a respectable representation in this 
great International Exhibition. 



PROCLAMATION OF GOVERNOR JOHN L. PENNINGTON. 

Territory of Dakota, Executive Office, 
Yankton, March 6, 1876. 
The following letter, resolutions, and proceedings of the United States Centennial Com- 
mission, requesting the Executive of this Territory to appoint suitable persons to prepare 
addresses, etc., have been received at this Department, and, together with the appointments 
hereinafter made, are published for the information of the public : 

« INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

" United States Centennial Commission, 
" Philadelphia, February 21, 1876. 
" Sir, — I have the honor to inclose herewith copy of a resolution adopted by the United 
States Centennial Commission at the session held in Philadelphia, May 21, 1 875. 

" Should your Excellency take any action thereon, I respectfully request to be informed 
at your earliest convenience, to enable me to lay the information before the Executive Com- 
mittee at its meeting on March 22 next. 

" I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

"J. L. CAMPBELL, Secretary. 
" HON. J. L. PENNINGTON, Governor, Yankton, Dakota. 

"EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES. 

" Friday, May 21, 1875. 

" Mr. Coldwell, of Tennessee, submitted the following resolution, recently adopted by the 
State Commission of Tennessee : 

"Resolved, That this Commission, appointed by the Governor of Tennessee and now 
organized and in session, recommend to the National Centennial Commission to designate 
and set apart a particular day during the Exhibition on which each State shall be heard 
through its chosen representatives, to be appointed by the Governor of the State, in an 
address on the history and growth of the State in wealth, population, etc., embracing agri- 
cultural, manufacturing, mineral, and other statistics of the State, to the end that these 
addresses may be published together in book form, for distribution in the United States and 
foreign countries, and that the Hon. Thomas H. Coldwell be requested to bring the matter 
before the Commission, at Philadelphia, at its next meeting. 



256 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

State action. " IMr. Coldwell moved that it be referred to a committee of three. Agreed to. 

Dakota. l( -j^ chair announced the Committee to consist of Messrs. Prosser, of Tennessee ; 

Atwood, of Wisconsin ; and Cleveland, of New Jersey. 

" Mr. Prosser, of Tennessee, from the Committee to whom was referred the resolution 
recommending the setting apart days for the several States, submitted the following report: 
"The Committee to whom was referred the resolution offered by Mr. Coldwell, of Ten- 
nessee, beg leave to report that they have considered' the same, and unanimously recom- 
mend that the Executive Committee be requested to carry out the object of the resolution, 
and that the Governors of the respective States and Territories be invited to appoint suitable 
persons to prepare addresses, and that appropriate days may be set apart during the term 
of the Exhibition for the delivery of the said addresses. 

"W. F. PROSSER, 
"DAVID ATWOOD, 
" O. CLEVELAND, Committee. 
" The report was accepted and adopted." 

Recognizing the importance of having full and correct reports of the resources and 
advantages of this Territory prepared, to be delivered in an address or in addresses before 
the Centennial Exhibition, and to be embraced in the book referred to in the resolution, to 
be published for distribution in the United States and foreign countries ; I have, therefore, 
in pursuance of, and in compliance with, the foregoing resolution of the United States 
Centennial Commission, appointed as a commission to prepare and deliver addresses during 
the International Exhibition, on the history and growth of Dakota in wealth, population, 
etc., embracing agriculture, manufacturing, mineral, educational, and other statistics of the 
Territory, the following-named persons: Hon. S. L. Spink, Hon. George H. Hand, Hon. 
M. K. Armstrong, Hon. F. J. Cross, and General W. H. H. Beadle. 

Done at Yankton, the capital of the said Territoiy, this the sixth day of March, in the 
year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. 

JOHN L. PENNINGTON. 
By the Governor : GEO. H. HAND, Secretary of the Te7-ritory, 



[Note. — It is possible that executive or legislative action took place in other States 
than those named in the foregoing Appendix. The Governors of all the States and Terri- 
tories were requested to furnish information of the kind above given. No reply, however, 
was received from the Governors of California, Missouri, Nebraska, Tennessee, Utah, and 
Wyoming.] 



APPENDIX E. 



2 37 



APPENDIX E. 



ACTION OF MUNICIPAL AND CORPORATE BODIES. Municpai 

action. 
_^ Philadelphia. 



CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. 

MEMORIAL TO CONGRESS. 
February 24, 1870. 
Memorial of the Select and Common Councils of Philadelphia, the Frank- 
lin Institute of Pennsylvania, and the Senate and House of Representa- 
tives of Pennsylvania, for the Appropriate Celebration of the Centen- 
nial Anniversary of American Independence at Philadelphia, July 4, 1876. 

To the Honorable the Senate and the House of Representatives of the 

United States: 

The Declaration of Independence having been written and signed by its patriotic authors 
in Philadelphia, and its promulgation to the world first made in that city, and as the Cen- 
tennial Anniversary of that memorable and decisive epoch in our country's history is nearly 
approaching, it behooves the people of the United States to prepare for its celebration by 
such demonstrations and appropriate ceremonies as may become a nation so rapidly risen 
from struggling infancy to a position of power and prosperity as at once to command the 
respect of all Governments and the admiration of the world. 

In order, therefore, to stimulate a pilgrimage to the Mecca of American nationality, the 
home of American independence, on an occasion so worthy of commemoration, it has been 
wisely suggested that prominent amongst the features for celebrating our One Hundredth 
Anniversary there should be an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Pro- 
ducts of the Soil and Mine, as thereby we may illustrate the unparalleled advancement in 
science and art, and all the various appliances of human ingenuity for the refinement and 
comfort of man, in contrast with the meagre achievements of a century past. 

For the fulfillment of this, where so fitting a spot as the cradle of our country's liberty, 
or when the time as on the Centennial Anniversary of the year her freedom had its birth ? 

In furtherance of an undertaking truly national in its character and so commendable 
in spirit, the Councils of the City of Philadelphia, the Board of Managers of the Frank- 
lin Institute, and the Legislature of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania have each ap- 
pointed committees, who, clothed wi h authority to act from the bodies they represent, 
respectfully solicit Congress by its action to recognize the fact that the City of Philadelphia 
is, and of right should be, the place to hold, and that the year one thousand eight hundred 
and seventy-six would be the time to inaugurate, an Exhibition of the industry of all nations. 

When such action as your wisdom may deem proper shall have been taken in order to 



2$S 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Municipal 

action. 

Philadelphia. 



place the grand design under your fostering care and control, it is hoped the President of 
the United States will be authorized in due time to invite the participation of all Govern- 
ments. 

Respectfully submitted. 



A. H. FRANCISCUS, 
WM. BUMM, 
GEO. W. PLUMLY, 
DANIEL P. RAY, 
J. C. GILBERT, M.D., 
JOHN J. HARGADON, 
LOUIS WAGNER, 
President Common Council. 



E. A. SHALLCROSS, 
SAMUEL G. KING, 
GEORGE A. SMITH, 
GEORGE J. HETZELL, 
THOMAS A. BARLOW, 
SAML. W. CATTELL, 
President of Select Council. 



JOHN COCHRAN, 
R. W. SHIELDS, 
GEORGE W. NICKELS, 
A. KLINE, 
GEO. W. HALL, 
JOHN BARDSLEY, 
JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, 
Chairman. 



Committee of the Select and Common Councils of Philadelphia. 

FRED. FRALEY, B. H. MOORE, 

ENOCH LEWIS, J. VAUGHAN MERRICK, 

WM. SELLERS, Chairman. 

Committee of Franklin Institute. 



A. WILSON HENSZEY, 
ARTHUR G. OLMSTEAD, 
CHARLES R. EUCKALEW, 
CHARLES H. STINSON, 

Speaker of the Senate. 



ALEXANDER ADAIRE, 
T. B. SCHNATTERLY, 
R. JOHNSTON, Chairman, 
BUTLER B. STRANG, 

Speaker of the House. 



JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, Chairman of .Joint Committees. 

Attest : BENJAMIN H. HAINES, Clerk of Select Council of ■ Philadelphia and of the 
Joint Committees. 
Philadelphia, February 24, 1870. 



ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. 
Approved October 30, 1871. 

An Ordinance to provide for the first meeting and organization of the United States Cen- 
tennial Commission, and to make an appropriation therefor. 

Section i. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia do ordain, That 
the Commissioners appointed under the Act of Congress, approved March 3, 187 1, entitled 
" An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Inde- 
pendence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products 
of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six," be, and they are hereby, requested to meet in the 
City of Philadelphia on the fourth day of March, A.D. 1872, for the purpose of organizing, 
carrying out the second section of said Act, and such other business as they may deem 
advisable. 

Sec. 2. That the Centennial Committee of the City of Philadelphia shall cause a copy 
of the foregoing report and this ordinance to be forwarded to the Commissioners of eacli 
State and Territory, and to the Executive of each State and Territory who has not yet 
made such appointment, together with a copy of the Act of Congress. 

Sec. 3. That said Committee is also hereby authorized and directed to make the neces- 
sary arrangements for carrying out this Ordinance, and the sum of twenty-five thousand 
dollars shall be appropriated out of the income of the City of Philadelphia for the year 
1872 to defray the expenses thereof. 



APPENDIX E. 



239 



All bills to be approved by said Committee, and the warrants therefor to be drawn by Municipal 



the Mayor. 

HENRY HUHN, President of Common Council. 
SAMUEL W. CATTELL, President of Select Council. 
Attest: BENJAMIN H. HAINES, Clerk of Select Council. 

Approved this thirtieth day of October, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred 
and seventy-one (a.d. 187 1). 

DANIEL M. FOX, Mayor of Philadelphia. 

Office of the Mayor of the City of Philadelphia. 

October 30, 1871. 
This certifies that the foregoing Ordinance, entitled " An Ordinance to provide for the 
first meeting and organization of the United States Centennial Commission, and to make 
an appropriation therefor," is a true copy of said Ordinance as passed by the Select and 
Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia, and this day approved by me. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and the seal of the City of Phila- 
[Seal.] delphia the day and year aforesaid. 

DANIEL M. TOIL, Mayor of Philadelphia. 



action. 
Philadelphia. 



LETTER OF PHILADELPHIA CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE TO U. S. CEN- 
TENNIAL COMMISSIONERS. 
Select Council Chamber, Philadelphia, November 15, 1871. 

Dear Sir, — I have the honor to transmit herewith a ccpy of the Act of Congress en- 
titled " An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American 
Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products 
of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year 
1876," together with copies of a report of the Centennial Committee of the Councils of Phila- 
delphia, and an Ordinance of the city, approved by the Mayor October 30, 1871, entitled 
" An Ordinance to provide for the first meeting and organization of the United States Cen- 
tennial Commission, and to make an appropriation therefor."* 

In this connection, I take the liberty of stating that the local Committee of the city 
have taken such preliminary steps as seemed advisable for placing in as forward a condition 
as possible the arrangements for this great event, with a view of submitting the result of 
their labors to the United States Commissioners when they assemble, should they desire the 
same ; as to them the Act of Congress assigns the du y " to prepare and superintend the 
execution of a plan for holding the Exhibition." 

If there are any suggestions which you may think proper to make, the Committee will 
be greatly obliged if you will forward them to my address at your earliest convenience. 
Very respectfully your obedient servant, 
JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, Chairman of the Philadelphia Centennial Committ e. 

To , United States Centennial Commissioner for 

[Copy of Report.] 

Philadelphia, October 26, 1871. 
To the Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia: 

Gentlemen, — Your Committee on Centennial Celebration at this time respectfully 
beg leave to make the following report : 

Whereas, By Act of Congress approved March 3, 187 1, entitled " An Act to provide for 
celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, by holding an In- 

* See foregoing Ordinance of October 30, 1871. 



240 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Municipal 

action. 

Philadelphia. 



ternational Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the 
City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy- 
six, it is enacted in the second and third sections thereof as follows : 

" That a Commission, to consist of not more than one delegate from each State and from 
each Territory of the United States, whose functions shall continue until the close of the 
Exhibition, shall be constituted, whose duty it shall be to prepare and superintend the exe- 
cution of a plan for holding the Exhibition, and, after conference with the authorities of 
the City of Philadelphia, to fix upon a suitable site within the corporate limits of said city 
where the Exhibition shall be held. 

" That said Commissioners shall be appointed within one year from the passage of this 
Act by the President of the United States, on the nomination of the Governors of the States 
and Territories respectively." 

And whereas, A large majority of said Commissioners have been duly appointed, and 
the time designated for the completion of said Commission will have expired by the fourth 
day of March next; 

And as in the absence of any direct provision in said Act for their first meeting or 
organization, and expenses incident thereto, there should be some early and definite action 
on the part of the City ; 

Your Committee therefore, after frequent interviews with, and communications from, 
various members of the United States Commission, and in accordance with their express 
desire, respectfully submit the following Ordinance, and ask for its adoption.* 
JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, Chairman, GEO. W. HALL, 
JOHN COCHRAN JOSEPH S. ROBINSON, 

JOHN BARDSLEY, JOHN FAREIRA, 

JAMES B. ALEXANDER, GEO. W. NICKELS, 

S. G. KING, E. A. SHALLCROSS, 

HENRY HUHN, JOSEPH S. ALLEN, 

SAMUEL W. CATTELL, EGBERT K. NICHOLS, 

GEO. A. SMITH, ROBERT BRIGGS, 

JOHN J. HARGADON, HUGH McILVAIN, 

J. C. GILBERT, WILLIAM BUMM. 



ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. 

Approved February 28, 1872. 

An Ordinance to make an appropriation to pay the expenses of and incident to the first 

meeting and organization of the United States Centennial Commissioners. 

Whereas, By ordinance of the City of Philadelphia entitled "An Ordinance to provide 
for the first meeting and organization of the United States Centennial Commission," and to 
make an appropriation therefor, approved October 30, 187 1, it is ordained as follows, to 
wit: 

SECTION I. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia ~do ordain, 
That the Commissioners appointed under the Act of Congress, approved March 3, 1S71, en- 
titled " An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American 
Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products 
of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six," be and they are hereby requested to meet in the City of 
Philadelphia on the fourth day of March, a.d. 1872, for the purpose of organizing, carrying 
out the second section of said Act, and such other business as they may deem advisable. 

Sec. 2. That the Centennial Committee of the City of Philadelphia cause a copy of the 



* The Ordinance is ihat of October 30, 1871, printed above 



APPENDIX E. 24I 

foregoing report and this Ordinance to be forwarded to the Commissioners of each State Municipal 



and Territory, and to the Executive of each State and Territory who has not yet made 
such appointment, together with a copy of the Act of Congress. 

Sec. 3. That said Committee is also hereby authorized and directed to make the neces- 
sary arrangements for carrying out this Ordinance, and the sum of twenty-five thousand 
dollars shall be appropriated out of the income of the City of Philadelphia for the year 
1872 to defray the expenses thereof; all bills to be approved by said Committee, and the 
warrants therefor to be drawn by the Mayor. 

And whereas, The requirements of the first and second sections of the above-recited 
Ordinance have been fully carried out and completed, and it is expected that said Commis- 
sion will meet in the City of Philadelphia on the fourth day of March, 1872; 

And whereas, The Ordinance above recited only pledges the faith of the city that an 
appropriation of twenty-five thousand dollars shall be made to pay the necessary expenses 
of the contemplated first meeting of the United States Centennial Commissioners; now, 
therefore, 

Section I. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia do ordain, 
That the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated to 
defray the expenses of and incident to the first meeting and organization of the United 
States Centennial Commissioners ; all bills to be approved by the Joint Committee of Coun- 
cils on Celebration of Centennial Anniversary, and the warrants therefor to be drawn by 
the Mayor. 

LOUIS WAGNER, President of Common Council. 
W. E. LITTLETON, President of Select Council. 

Attest: JOSEPH H. PAIST, Assistant Clerk of Select Council. 

Approved this twenty-eighth day of February, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and 
seventy-two (a.d. 1872). 

WILLIAM S. STOKLEY, Mayor of Philadelphia. 



action. 
Philadelphia 



ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. 
Approved November 4, 1872. 
An Ordinance to make an appropriation to pay the current and incidental expenses of 
the United States Centennial Commission, and for opening books of subscription in the 
several States and Territories, and organizing the Centennial Board of Einance. 
Section i. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia do ordain, That 
the sum of fifty thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated to pay the current 
and incidental expenses of the United States Centennial Commission, and for engraving, 
printing, and opening books of subscription in the several States and Territories, and for such 
other expenses as may be incurred by them in organizing the Centennial Board of Finance 
in accordance with the Act of Congress, the warrants to be drawn by the Mayor in accord- 
ance with existing Ordinances, upon a requisition therefor by Daniel J. Morrell, Chairman 
of the Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission, accompanied by 
bills or vouchers attested by the Executive Commissioner and Secretary of said Commission, 
and approved by the said Daniel J. Morrell, Chairman, as aforesaid ; Provided, that not 
more than twenty thousand dollars of the appropriation hereby made shall be drawn from 
the treasury during the year 1872, and that no part of the appropriation made by this 
Ordinance shall merge. 

LOUIS WAGNER, President of Common Council. 
W. E. LITTLETON, President of Select Cotincil. 
Attest: BENJAMIN H. HAINES, Clerk of Select Council. 

Approved this fourth day of November, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy- 
two (a.d. 1872). 

WILLIAM S. STOKLEY, Mayor of Philadelphia. 
16 



242 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Municipal ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. 

action. 

Philadelphia. Approved February 22, 1873. 

An Ordinance to make an appropriation in aid of the Centennial Anniversary of 

American Independence. 

Whereas, The Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission has 
officially requested the State of Pennsylvania to make an appropriation of one million dol- 
lars, and the City of Philadelphia also to make an appropriation of half a million dollars, 
towards the erection of buildings for the Exhibition of 1876, in Fairmount Park. And the 
mass-meeting of Chairmen of the various Collection Committees of our city, composed as 
it was of many of our best citizens and tax -payers, has unanimously passed resolutions 
urging the immediate passage of such appropriations ; And whereas, The Commonwealth 
is about taking initiative measures to this end, it behooves its metropolis to assume promptly 
its share of responsibility ; therefore, 

Section i. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia pledges its 
faith to apply five hundred thousand (500,000) dollars, and hereby appropriates the same, 
as hereinafter provided, towards the erection of buildings in Fairmount Park for the 
National Exhibition to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of the 
nation, to be reimbursed out of a loan to be hereafter created, and to be paid out of the city 
treasury after compliance with the following provisions, to wit : In sums of fifty thousand 
dollars whensoever it shall be certified to the Mayor that the buildings for that purpose 
shall have been so far constructed in said Park as to be of double the cost and value of the 
installment demanded, and of any and all previous payments made in such behalf by the City 
of Philadelphia out of the appropriation hereby made, until such payments shall have 
amounted to the full sum hereby appropriated. 

Sec. 2. That the certificates for the basis of such payments shall be signed by the Chair- 
man of the Executive Committee of the United States Centennial Commission, the Presi- 
dent of the United States Centennial Board of Finance, and the Chief Engineer and Sur- 
veyor of the City of Philadelphia ; whereupon, if the Mayor of the city shall be satisfied 
with the report, he shall draw a warrant for such sum upon the City Treasurer of the Cen- 
tennial Board of Finance, as incorporated by the Act of Congress, approved June 1, 1872. 

Provided, Before any payment shall be made out of the appropriation, the United States 
Centennial Commission and the Centennial Board of Finance shall enter into a contract 
with the City of Philadelphia that a permanent building, to cost not less than the sum of 
five hundred thousand dollars, shall be permitted to remain in said Park as the property of 
the City of Philadelphia, for the exhibition and preservation of such works of nature, art, 
and products of the soil and mine, and works of art applied to industry, copies of repro- 
ductions of articles of skill for the free education and enjoyment of the people of the 
nation after the year 1876, and for all time thereafter, under such rules and regulations as 
may from time to time be prescribed by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park. 

A. WILSON HENSZEY, President of Common Council. 
W. E. LITTLETON, President of Select Council. 

Attest : JOSEPH PI. PAIST, Clerk of Select Council. 

Approved this twenty-second day of February, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and 
seventy-three (a.d. 1873). 

WILLIAM S. STOKLEY, Mayor of Philadelphia. 



APPENDIX E. 



243 



ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Municipal 

Approved April 2, 1874. PhiTaddphia. 

An Ordinance to make an appropriation for the erection of buildings and machinery 
on the grotmds to be used for the Centennial International Exhibition. 
Section i. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia do ordain, 
That the sum of one million dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated for the erec- 
tion of the following buildings in Fairmount Park, to be used at the Centennial Inter- 
national Exhibition in 1876, to wit: the sum of two hundred thousand dollars for the 
construction of a conservatory; the sum of eight hundred thousand dollars for the construc- 
tion of Machinery Hall. 

Sec. 2. That the said building shall be constructed under the supervision of the Mayor 
of the City of Philadelphia and the United States Centennial Board of Finance. 

Sec. 3. All warrants for the payment of moneys under this appropriation shall be drawn 
by the Mayor of the City of Philadelphia upon the certificate of the President of the said 
Board of Finance ; Provided, that no greater sum in the aggregate than five hundred 
thousand dollars shall be expended during the year 1875; And provided further, that no 
amounts shall be drawn against said appropriation before the first day of April, A.D. 1875. 
A. WILSON HENSZEY, President of Common Council. 
R. W. DOWNING, President of Select Council. 
Attest : JOSEPH H. PAIST, Clerk of Select Council. 

Approved the second day of April, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy-four 
(A.D. 1874). 

WILLIAM S. STOKLEY, Mayor of Philadelphia. 



ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. 
Approved October 18, 1876. 
An Ordinance to attthorize a certain transfer in an appropriation for the erection of 
buildings and machinery on the grounds to be used for the Centennial International 
Exhibition. 

Section I. The Select and Common Coimcils of the City of Philadelphia do ordain. 
That the City Controller be authorized and directed to make the following transfer in " An 
Ordinance to make an appropriation for the erection of buildings and machinery on the 
grounds to be used for the Centennial International Exhibition," approved April 2, 1874, 
viz. : the sum of sixty-three thousand five hundred and seventy-three dollars and thirty- 
nine cents, from the amount appropriated for the construction of a Machinery Hall, and 
added to the amount appropriated for the construction of a Conservatory. 

JOSEPH L. CAVEN, President of Common Council. 
GEORGE A. ^yiYm, President of Select Council. 
Attest: JOSEPH H. PAIST, Clerk of Select Council. 

Approved this thirtieth day of October, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy- 
six (a.d. 1876). 

WILLIAM S. STOKLEY, Mayor of Philadelphia. 



CITY OF WILMINGTON. 

ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE. 

Passed April 8, 1875. 

An Ordinance for the benefit of the United States Centennial International Exhibition. 

Whereas, By an Act of the General Assembly, entitled " An Act to further amend the 
Charter of the City of Wilmington," passed March 23, 1875, the Mayor and Council of 



Wilmington 



244 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Municipal 

action. 

Wilmington. 



Wilmington was authorized, under an Ordinance of the City Council, to subscribe, appro- 
priate, and apply a sum or sums of money, not exceeding in the aggregate $5000, to the 
capital stock of the Centennial Board of Finance; 

And whereas, A just appreciation of the great event which said Exhibition is intended to 
commemorate, as well as a proper regard for the interests of this city, require that we should 
aid in the preparation and conduct of said Exhibition ; therefore, 

Be it ordained by the City Council of Wilmington : 

Section i. That the Finance Committee is hereby authorized and directed to subscribe, 
in the name of the Mayor and Council of Wilmington, the sum of five thousand dollars to 
the capital stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, a corporation created by Act of 
Congress for the purpose of procuring the funds requisite for the United States Centennial 
International Exhibition, to be held in the City of Philadelphia in the year 1876. 

Sec. 2. That the sum of five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated for the purpose 
aforesaid. 

Passed at the City Hall, April 8, 1875. 

J. M ARRIS, President. 

WILLIAM S. HAYES, Clerk of City Council. 



This is to certify that the above is a correct copy of the record. 

WM. H. FOULK, Clerk of Council. 
February 13, 1877. 



APPENDIX F. 



Government BOARD ON BEHALF OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS 
Board OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. 



r Appointed in accordance with the Executive Order by the President, January 23, 1874.*] 

Colonel S. C. Lyford, Ordnance Corps, Ul S. Army, Chairman of the Board, and Rep- 
resentative of the War Department at the Exhibition. 

Rear Admiral Thornton A. Jenkins, U. S. Navy, Representative of Navy Department. 

Hon. R. W. Tayler, First Comptroller Treasury, Representative of Treasury Depart- 
ment. 

Hon. John Eaton, Commissioner of Education, Representative of Interior Department. 

Dr. C. F. Macdonald, Superintendent Money Order Bureau, Representative of Post- 
Office Department. 

William Saunders, Superintendent Propagating Garden, Representative of Agricultural 
Department. 

Prof. S. F. Baird, Assistant Secretary Smithsonian Institution, Representative of Smith- 
sonian Institution, and Commissioner of American Food Fishes. 

William A. De Caindry, Secretary of the Board. 



* For the Executive Order, see Appendix C, page 



APPENDIX G. 



245 



APPENDIX G. 



STATE BOARDS OF CENTENNIAL MANAGERS. State Boards. 

[Appointed by the Governors for the management of State and Territorial exhibits.] 



ALABAMA 

J. F. Milner, President, Montgomery. 
Peter Hamilton, Mobile. 
A. Cunningham, Talladega. 



J. M. Kennedy, Tuscaloosa. 

R. O. Pickett, Florence. 

Albert Strassburger, Montgomery. 



ARIZONA. 



J. N. Hopkins, Secretary, Tucson. 
William J. Osborne, Tucson. 



J. S. Vosbm-g, Tucson. 
John Wasson, Tucson. 



ARKANSAS. 



H. L. Fletcher, President, Little Rock. 
A. L. Breysacher, Little Rock. 
L. H. Roots, Little Rock. 



W. E. Woodruff, Jr., Little Rock. 
W. C. Stout, Lewisburg. 
D. A. Linthicum, Helena. 



Jacob Deeth. 
R. B. Redding. 
A. N. Towne. 
T. J. L. Smiley. 
Drury Malone. 
Jacob R. Snider. 
John G. Downey. 



George Q. Richmond, Pueblo. 



CALIFORNIA. 

I James L. Ord. 
I William Murray. 

Jacob R. Neff. 

B. M. Sergeant. 

J. L. Hebron. 

R. K. Porter. 



COLORADO. 

I Stephen Decatur, Georgetown. 



CONNECTICUT. 



Gov. Charles R. Ingersoll, New Haven. 
Nathaniel Wheeler, Bridgeport. 
Frederick J. Kingsbury, Waterbury. 
Ebenezer Learned, Norwich. 
Thomas L. Marlor, Brooklyn. 



Lyman W. Coe, Torrington. 
Burdett Loomis, Hartford. 
John E. Earle, New Haven. 
Thomas R. Pickering, Portland. 



F. J. Dewitt, Yankton. 
E. W. Miller, Union. 
A. F. Shaw, Minnehaha. 



DAKOTA. 

W. J. S. Trail, Grand Forks. 
W. A. Burleigh, Bon Homme. 



246 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



State Boards DELAWARE 

Joseph P. Comegys, President, Dover. 
Leander F. Riddle, Secretary, Wilmington. 
Allen V. Lesley, New Castle. 
Charles Beasten, New Castle. 
John H. Bewley, Smyrna. 



Henry B. Tiddeman, Milford. 
John C. Causey, Milford. 
Charles H. Richards, Georgetown. 
Paynter Frame, Harbeson. 



A. V. Conover, St. Augustine. 

E. C. Howe, Key West. 

George E. Wentworth, Pensacola. 



FLORIDA. 

D. S. Wilkens, Tallahassee. 
W. S. Boyd, Jacksonville. 



Austin Savage, Boise City. 
J. C. Isaacs, Boise City. 
Cyrus Jacobs, Boise City. 
A. Rossi, Boise City. 
John Hailey, Boise City. 
Lafayette Castre, Boise City. 



IDAHO. 

Thomas Ranney, Boise City. 
Y. E. Logan, Boise City. 
W. J. Hill, Silver City. 
B. Wilson, Idaho City. 
John McNally, Rocky Bar. 
L. P. Brown, Mount Idaho. 



John P. Reynolds, President, Chicago 
J. C. Smith, Secretary, Galena. 
Carlile Mason, Chicago. 



ILLINOIS. 

Francis Col ton, Galesburg. 
Amos C. Spafford, Rockford. 



INDIANA. 



A. L. Roache, Chairman, Indianapolis. 
Thomas E. Garvin, Evansville. 
John Sutherland, La Porte. 



E. T. Cox, Secretary, Indianapolis. 
John S. Williams, La Fayette. 



S. Kirkwood, Des Moines. 
Alexander Shaw, Des Moines. 
William Christy. 



IOWA. 

B. R. Sherman. 
I. T. Young. 



KANSAS. 



George T. Anthony, President, Leaven- 
worth. 
W. S. Parkinson, Vice-President, Ottawa. 
Alfred Gray, Secretary, Topeka. 
George W. Glick, Treasurer, Atchison. 



T. C. Henry, Abilene. 
Charles F. Koester, Marysville. 
E. P. Bancroft, Emporia. 
W. E. Barnes, Vineland. 
R. W. Wright, Oswego. 



W. B. Machen, Edclyville. 
Clinton Griffith, Owenstown. 
James II. Bowden, Russelville. 
E. C. Hobson, Greensburg. 
E. D. Standiford, Louisville. 



KENTUCKY. 

J. C. Hughes, Florence. 
William Warfield, Lexington. 
Jennings Price, Lancaster. 
John Dishman, Barbourville. 
F. L. Cleveland, Augusta. 



APPENDIX G. 



247 



LOUISIANA. 

H. Bonzano, President, New Orleans. I Effingham Lawrence, Plaquemine Parish. 

Edward C. Hancock, New Orleans. 



State Boards. 



MAINE. 



Charles W. Roberts, Bangor. 

F. E. Shaw, Paris. 

Edwin Sprague, Rockland. 



W. H. Simpson, Belfast. 
F. N. Dow, Portland. 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



Joseph H. Chadwick, Boston. 
Curtis Guild, Boston. 
Hocum Hosford, Lowell. 
C. E. Whitin, Whitinsville. 
George T. Plunkett, Hinsdale. 
Henry M. Phillips, Springfield. 
E. T. Miles, Fitchburg. 
J. H. Clement, Boston. 
Lewis N. Gilbert, Ware. 



Gov. John J. Bagley, Detroit. 
Henry Fralick, Grand Rapids. 
Jonathan J. Woodman, Paw Paw. 



John Savary, Wareham. 
William F. Whitney, Ashburnham. 
Chester Snow, Harwich. 
C. E. Yeomans, Westfield. 
S. B. Phinney, Barnstable. 
H. G. Knight, Easthampton. 
Harrison Tweed, Taunton. 
Edward W. Kinsley, Boston. 
A. L. Coolidge, Boston. 



MICHIGAN. 



Merrill J. Mills, Detroit. 

Jay A. Hubbell, Houghton. 

F. W. Noble, Secretary, Detroit. 



Paris Gibson, Minneapolis. 
Pennock Pusey, St. Paul. 



MINNESOTA. 

Philip S. Harris, St. Paul. 

MISSISSIPPI. 



A. M. West, President, Holly Springs. 
H. W. Warren, Vice-President, Jackson. 
H. M. Street, Treasurer, Booneville. 
A. E. Lewis, Scranton. 
James A. Hoskins, Brookhaven. 



Frank Burkitt, Houston. 
J. L. Power, Secretary, Jackson. 
J. B. Yellowley, Madison Station. 
W. G. Paxton, Vicksburg. 



MISSOURI. 



Thomas Allen, President, St. Louis. 
J. F. Cook, LL.D., Lagrange. 
J. W. Harris, Rocheport. 



J. W. Strong, Vice-President, St. Joseph. 
P. Murphy, Goplin. 
J. L. Tracy, St. Louis. 



T. C. Power, Fort Benton. 
William Peck, Bannack. 
Armstrong & Co., Glendale. 
Mrs. S. B. Bowen, Bozeman. 



MONTANA. 

I W. A. Clark, Deer Lodge. 

D. J. Welch, Missoula. 

J. A. Harding, Radersburg. 
I T. E. Collins, Diamond. 



NEBRASKA. 



Daniel H. Wheeler, Plattsmouth. 
J. S. Morton, Nebraska City. 
W. D. Scott, Rulo. 



Gay C. Barton, North Platte. 
Charles F. Manderson, Omaha. 



248 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



State Boards. 



NEVADA, 



C. C. Stevenson, President, Gold Hill. 
Thomas G. Taylor, Gold Hill. 
Robert Robinson, Hamilton. 
J. D. Sullivan, Eureka. 
H. H. Day, Pioche. 
F. R. Hall, lone. 
A. A. Curtis, Austin. 
John C. Fall, Unionville. 



H. M. Yerington, Carson City. 
H. F. Rice, Carson City. 
H. R. Whitehill, Carson City. 
B. F. Leete, Reno. 
J. R. Johnson, Genoa. 
Levi Wilsey, Elko. 
Jeremiah Miller, Columbus. 
B. P. Hazeltine, Columbus. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



James A. Weston, Chairman, Manchester. 
Lewis W. Clark, Manchester. 
Mason W. Tappan, Bradford. 



Edward D. Baker, Claremont. 

James F. Briggs, Secretary, Manchester. 

George W. Riddle, Manchester. 



NEW JERSEY. 



Samuel C. "Brown, President, Trenton. 
Edward Bettle, Camden. 
Henry L. Janeway, New Brunswick. 
John T. Bird, Flemington. 



Thomas N. Dale, Paterson. 
Sandford B. Hunt, Newark. 
Nathan W. Condict, Jersey City. 
Patrick T. Quinn, Secretary, Newark. 



NEW MEXICO 

Stephen B. Elkins, Washington, D. C. 
W. F. M. Amy, Secretary, Fort Defiance 
Richard Hudson, Silver City. 



W. G. Ritch, President, Santa Fe. 
Thomas S. Tucker, Treasurer, Santa Fe. 
Jose D. Sena, Santa Fe. 



NEW 

Alonzo B. Cornell, Ithaca, Tompkins Co. 
John Murdock, Elmira, Chemung Co. 
Jackson S. Schultz, New York City. 
Frank Leslie, New York City. 



YORK. 

Felix Campbell, Brooklyn. 

H. Havermeyer, New York City. 

Frederick A. Conkling, New York City. 



R. P. Ranny, President, Cleveland. 
Gov. Rutherford B. Hayes, Fremont. 
E. F. Noyes, Cincinnati. 
G. W. McCook, Steubenville. 



OHIO. 

Barnabas Burns, Mansfield. 
R. P. Buckland, Fremont. 
F. W. Green, Secretary and Superintendent, 
Cleveland. 



OREGON 



Gov. L. F. Grover, ex-officio President, 

Salem. 
M. Wilkins, Willamette Forks. 
C. P. Burkhardt, Albany. 
Rev. E. R. Geary, Albany. 



W. H. Halsey, Portland. 

M. P. Deady, Portland. 

Rev. Thomas Condon, Eugene City. 

S. G. Reed, Portland. 

S. A. Clarke, Secretary, Salem. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 

Morton McMichael, Philadelphia. 
Andrew G. Curtin, Bellefonte. 
John H. Shoenbcrger, Pittsburgh. 



George Scott, Catawissa. 
Foster W. Mitchell, Franklin. 
James A. McCrea, Philadelphia. 



APPENDIX G. 



249 



John Gorham, Providence. 
Gov. Henry Lippitt, Providence. 
James Y. Smith, Providence. 



J. M. Safford, Davidson Co. 
C. C. Giers, Davidson Co. 
J. T. Wilder, Hamilton Co. 



RHODE ISLAND. 

William Goddard, Providence. 
Rowland Hazard, Providence. 
John R. Bartlett, Providence. 



State Boards. 



TENNESSEE. 



Joseph Barbiere, Shelby. 
George E. Purvis, Nashville. 
S. B. Lowe, Chattanooga. 



J. E. Preston, Marlin. 
E. L. Gregg, Rush. 



TEXAS. 

S. J. Adams, Dallas. 



UTAH. 



William Jennings, President, Salt Lake 

City. 
Henry C. Goodspeed, Secretary, Salt Lake 

City. 



John T. Caine, Salt Lake City. 
Joseph R. Walker, Salt Lake City. 
George S. Prescott, Salt Lake City. 



Joseph S. Patterson. 



VERMONT. 

I P. P. Pitkin. 



John D. Imboden, President, Richmond. 
Marshall Parks, Norfolk. 
Samuel J. Moffitt, Harrisonburg. 



VIRGINIA. 

G. J. Wharton, Pulaski Co. 
Edward M. Pace, Danville. 



WASHINGTON 

James S. Lawson, Olympia. 

Charles E. P. Wood, Port Discovery. 

Edward S. Kearney, Walla Walla. 



TERRITORY. 

Henri M. Chase, Walla Walla. 
Philip Ritz, Walla Walla. 



O. C. Dewey, Wheeling. 

G. W. Franzheim, Wheeling. 

C. N. Beall, Bethany. 



WEST VIRGINIA. 

Thomas Maslin, Moorsfield. 
I. P. Hale, Charleston. 



WISCONSIN. 



J. B. Parkinson, President, Madison. 

Eli Stilson, Oshkosh. 

Adolph Meinecke, Milwaukee. 



J. I. Case, Racine. 

T. C. Pound, Chippewa Falls. 

W. W. Field, Secretary, Madison. 



J. R. Whitehead, Cheyenne. 
Stephen W. Downey, Laramie City. 
James France, Rawlins. 



WYOMING. 

John Fosher, South Pass City. 
J. H. Pynchou, Laramie City. 
J. A. Van Carter, Fort Bridger. 



250 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



APPENDIX H. 



Acceptances 
by Foreign 
Governments. 



ACCEPTANCES BY FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS. 



Argentine 
Republic. 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 

Ministry of Foreign Relations of the Argentine Republic, 
Buenos Ayres, January 22, 1874. 
Mr. Minister, — I have the honor to inform your Excellency that the Argentine 
Government accepts the invitation which that of the United States has been pleased to 
extend to it, through your Excellency, to take part in the Exhibition which is to be held 
at Philadelphia, and that a Commission has been appointed for this purpose, composed of 
the gentlemen whose names are mentioned in the decree, of which a copy is inclosed. 

The Argentine Government returns its sincere thanks to the Republic of the North for 
this attention, and in expressing the same, I am happy to reiterate to your Excellency the 
assurances of my highest and most distinguished consideration. 

C. TEJEDOR. 
To his Excellency General Julius White, Minister Resident of the United States 
of North America. 



DECREE. 

Buenos Ayres, November 24, 1875. 

The Government of the United States having invited that of the Republic to take part 
in the Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, which is to 
be held at Philadelphia in 1876, by way of celebrating the Centennial Anniversary of the 
Independence of said States ; since this evidence of sympathy should be given to the 
people and Government of that country in commemoration of an event so satisfactory to 
them, as also important to other nations, especially those which have adopted their institu- 
tions ; and since it will, moreover, promote the interests of the Republic to make known 
at that Exhibition the principal productions which constitute its wealth ; 

The President of the Republic decrees : 

Art. 1. The invitation of the Government of the United States to take part in the 
aforesaid Exhibition is accepted. 

2. A Central Commission is hereby appointed, of which Mr. Ernest Oldendorff will be 
the presiding officer. The other members of the Commission will be Mr. Eduardo Olivera, 
Dr. Onesimo Leguiyamon, Dr. Diego de la Fuente, Mr. Lino Palacios, and Mr. Richard 
Newton, and it shall be the duty of said Commission to receive and forward to their 
destination such goods as are to be sent to the Exhibition in question. 

3. The Governors of the provinces are instructed to appoint Commissions, each to con- 
sist of at least three members, whose duty it shall be, under the direction of the Central 



APPENDIX H. 



25 



Commission of this city, to receive and forward to it the productions of each province, for . 

the purpose aforesaid. by Foreign 

4. The expense which may be rendered necessary by the execution of the present decree Governments 
shall be paid from the contingent fund, and further appropriations will be asked of the Ar £ entme 
Honorable Chambers, if larger expenditures shall be necessary. 

5. Let it be communicated, published, and inserted in the R. N. 

SARMIENTO. 
[l. s.] ULADISLAS FRIAS. 



Republic. 



AUSTRIA. Austria. 

[translation.] 
THE MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO MR. DELAPLAINE. 

Vienna, August 18, 1874. 

In response to the esteemed note dated 18th July, No. 273, the Ministry for Foreign 
Affairs has now the honor to respectfully communicate to Mr. John F. Delaplaine, Charge 
d' Affaires of the United States of America, that, although a numerous and proper repre- 
sentation of the domestic industry at the International Exhibition in Philadelphia is 
desirable, the Governments of both halves of the Empire are not in the position to officially 
take part in the Exhibition. 

It will be left to the private initiation (Privatinitiative) of the various manufacturers 
to address themselves to the forwarding of goods [Expedition), in which every possible 
assistance will be rendered to them on the part of both Governments. 

Requisite steps have already been taken for this purpose by the Ministries of Commerce. 

The undersigned Minister of the Imperial House and for Foreign Affairs, in begging 
leave to add in conclusion, that, judging from the applications thus far made, a lively par- 
ticipation of our manufacturers at the Exhibition in question may be anticipated, avails 
himself of this occasion to renew to Mr. Charge d' Affaires the assurance of his perfect 
consideration. 

For the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 

ORCZY. 
To Mr. J. F. Delaplaine, Charge d* Affaires of the United States of America. 



BELGIUM. Belgium 

[TRANSLATION.] 

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Brussels, August 7, 1874. 

Mr. Minister, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the letter which you 
were pleased to address me under date of the 29th of July last, inviting Belgium to take 
part in the World's Fair which is to be held at Philadelphia in 1876. 

The Government of the King, Mr. Minister, feels very grateful for this invitation, and I 
beg you to convey the expression of our gratitude to your Government. 

As soon as a decision shall have been reached in regard to the participation of Belgium 
in the enterprise in question, I shall hasten to inform you, Mr. Minister. 



25 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Acceptances Be pleased to accept, Mr. Minister, the assurances of my most distinguished considera- 

by Foreign tion. 

Governments. COUNT D'ASPREMONT LYNDEN. 

Belgium. Mr. Russell Jones, etc., etc., etc. 

Brussels. 

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Brussels, January 26, 1875. 
Mr. Minister, — In the name of your Government you kindly invited Belgium to par- 
ticipate in the International Exhibition to be held at Philadelphia in 1876. 

Referring to my letter of the 7th August last, I have the honor to inform you, that in 
answer to that invitation, the King, on the recommendation of the Minister of the Interior, 
has signed a decree appointing a Commission charged with the interests of Belgian ex- 
hibitors at the above-named Exhibition. 

You will find inclosed, Mr. Minister, a copy of the decree giving the composition of the 
Commission which will put itself in correspondence with the Direction of the Exposition. 
Receive, sir, the assurances of my most distinguished consideration. 

COUNT D' ASPREMONT LYNDEN. 
Mr. Russell Jones, etc., etc., etc., 
Brussels. 



BOLIVIA. 

Bolivia. [TRANSLATION.] 

Office of the Minister for Foreign Affairs, 
La Paz, February 16, 1875. 

Sir, — I had the honor to receive your dispatch, No. 6, dated the 1st of the present 
month, in which you acquaint my Government of the proposed International Centennial 
Exposition in the name of the United States, as authorized by resolution of Congress, to 
be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the year 1876. 

A printed copy of the Act of Congress authorizing the same, together with other inform- 
ation referring to it, also the regulations of the Exposition, came inclosed with the dispatch 
referred to. 

My Government gratefully acknowledges the courteous invitation which you extend in 
the name of your Government, and will be pleased to contribute to that generous mani- 
festation of industries projected under the patronage of North American nationality. 

A copy of your dispatch and the inclosures will be sent to the Honorable Minister of 
Industry, so as to prepare and expedite under his supervision in the least possible time and 
send to the Exposition Bolivian articles, which will be for the greater part specimens of 
mineral productions. 

I repeat to your Excellency the considerations of my highest regards, with which, I 
remain your complaisant and confiding servant, 

MARIANO BAPTISTA. 
To R. M. Reynolds, Minister Resident of the United States. 



Brazil. 



BRAZIL. 

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Rio de Janeiro, January 27, 1874. 
Sir, — In addition to my note of the 17th of September last, I have the honor to com- 
municate to Mr. Richard Cutts Shannon, Charge' d' Affaires, ad interim, of the United States 
of America, that the Imperial Government has resolved to accept the polite invitation 
of the President of those States to take part in the International Exhibition which is to 



APPENDIX H. 



253 



Brazil 



be inaugurated on the 19th April, 1876, at Philadelphia, on the occasion of the 100th Acceptance 
Anniversary of the Independence of the American Republic; and that in accordance with by Foreign 
that resolution circular instructions have just been issued by the Department of Agriculture, Government. 
Commerce, and Public Works to the Presidents of the different provinces, directing them 
to invite producers to appoint municipal Commissions. 

In making this communication I have the honor to renew to Mr. Shannon the assurances 
of my most distinguished consideration. 

VISCONDE DE CARAVELLAS. 
To Richard Cutts Shannon, Charge d' 'Affaires of the United States. 

Circular Instructions issued by the Brazilian Minister of Agriculture, Com- 
merce, and Public Works to the Presidents of Provinces in regard to 
Preparations for the International Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876. 
Department of Agriculture, Commerce, and Public Works, 
Rio de Janeiro, December 1, 1873. 
Most Illustrious and Excellent Sir, — The Imperial Government having resolved 
to take part in the Universal Exposition which will be inaugurated at Philadelphia on 
the occasion of the 100th Anniversary of the Independence of the Republic of the United 
States of North America, and it being desirable that our leading agricultural products as 
well as those of our other industries may appear at that Exhibition, I recommend your 
Excellency so far as it may be in your power to invite the producers of your province to 
prepare themselves for that event. 

A Commission, which is to be appointed to take the direction of this matter, will have 
an understanding with your Excellency as to the proper methods for accomplishing the 
desired object. A credit will also be opened for the necessary expenses. 

With this view, it is desirable that your Excellency should appoint Commissions in the 
different municipalities of your province, to take whatever steps maybe necessary to secure 
products and specimens of our national industries, in order that Brazil may appear ad- 
vantageously in the projected Exposition. 
God guard your Excellency ! 

JOSE FERNANDES DA COSTA PEREIRA, Jr. 
To his Excellency the President of the Province. 



CHILI. chin. 

Santiago, September 5, 1873. 
Senor, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of the 30th of 
August ultimo, in which you communicate information as to the holding of an Inter- 
national Exposition in the City of Philadelphia, beginning on the 19th day of April, 1 87 6, 
accompanied with copies of the printed proclamation of his Excellency the President of 
the United States, the rules and other documents explanatory of the objects of this grand 
Exhibition. 

My Government has received the invitation extended through you to participate in this 
great affair with much pleasure, and I assure you it will use every effort possible to induce 
our people to send their products and various articles of manufacture. For the accomplish- 
ment of this purpose, the documents you have sent us shall be placed in possession of the 
National Society of Agriculture, which will circulate the information therein contained as 
widely as possible, to the end that Chili may be represented in the Exposition. 

I embrace the present opportunity of renewing the sentiments of high consideration, 
with which I have the honor to be, 

Your obedient servant, 

ADOLFO IBANEZ, Minister of Foreign Relations. 
To Senor Don C. A. Logan, E. E. and M. P. of the United States. 



254 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Acceptances 
by Foreign 
Governments. 
China. 



(February 11, 1875.) 
herewith makes a com- 



CHINA. 

Fungchi, 1 2th year, 12th moon, 25th day. 

Prince Kung, Chief Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 
muni cation in reply. 

I have received your Excellency's dispatch of the 28th ultimo, informing me that in 
July, 1876, will occur the Centennial Anniversary of the foundation of the United States 
as an independent nation, when there will be held a special Exhibition to commemorate 
the event; and expressing the hope that the Superintendents of Trade for the Northern 
and Southern ports may be directed to inform the mercantile, laboring, and artisan classes 
that they may forward to the Exhibition, under official supervision, the most remarkable 
specimens of what the earth produces, and the most perfect of manufactures. 

Your Excellency further incloses ten regulations and a supplementary minute, and says 
that all other regulations, etc., will be communicated from time to time as they may be 
finally determined upon, etc., etc. 

On receipt of this dispatch, the Foreign Office has taken measures to accede to this 
proposal, by directing the Northern and Southern Superintendents of Trade to instruct 
the officers under their jurisdiction to issue proclamations, fully informing all mercantile, 
artisan, and laboring classes ol this Exhibition. . It has further ordered the Inspector- 
General of Customs to select suitable officers as Commissioners to it. 

I therefore now make this reply for your Excellency's information. 

To S. Wells Williams, Esq., Charge d' Affaires of the United States. 



Colombia. 



COLOMBIA. 



[translation.] 

Office of the Interior and Foreign Relations, 
Bogota, August 26, 1874. 

Mr. Minister, — I have the honor to answer the note of the 17th inst., by which it has 
pleased your Excellency, in obedience to instructions from your Government, to invite that 
of Colombia to take part in the International Exhibition which opens in Philadelphia in 
the year 1876. 

In a law passed by the Federal Congress of Colombia last year, and which takes effect 
the 1st of September proximo, the sum of $25,000 has been appropriated for the purpose 
of beginning the preparation of the effects with which this Republic should participate in 
the said International Exhibition, and the Executive power will declare opportunely ail the 
necessary dispositions, to the end that Colombia may be represented in that concourse of 
civilized peoples. 

The friendly invitations by which the illustrious Government of the United States has 
honored that of Colombia, through the medium of its able and worthy representative in 
this city, is most cordially recognized and appreciated ; and it is very pleasing to me to 
reiterate to the Honorable Minister the assurances of my high consideration and respect. 

JACOBO SANCHEZ. 

To the Hon. William L. Scruggs, Minister Resident of the United States, etc., etc., etc. 



APPENDIX II. 



255 



DENMARK. Acceptances 

^ by Foreign 

Copenhagen, May 21, 1875. Governments 
Sir, — I have just had the pleasure to receive from my colleague, the Minister of the Denmark. 
Interior, the announcement that a Committee has been formed, under the presidency of 
Mr. Jacob Halmblad, a merchant and manufacturer at Copenhagen, the object of which is 
to furnish facilities to parties in Denmark who may desire to exhibit their productions at 
the International Exhibition which is to be held at Philadelphia. 

I have to add that, in addition to the aforesaid presiding officer, Messrs. C. Chr. Bur- 
meister, manufacturer of machinery, V. Christensen, manufacturing jeweler, V. Fjelkshoo, 
sculptor, William Hammer, artist (painter), Charles Hansen, Th. Green, merchant, John 
Hansen, merchant, Olof Hansen, merchant and Vice-Consul, are members of the Committee 
referred to, and I avail myself of this occasion to offer you, sir, the assurance of my most 
distinguished consideration. 

O. D. ROSENORN-LEHN. 
To Mr. Cramer, Minister Resident of the United States of America. 



ECUADOR. Ecuador. 

Legation of Ecuador, Washington, December 19, 1873. 

Sir, — I have the honor to inform your Excellency that my Government has accepted 
the invitation which your Excellency was pleased to extend to it, through this Legation, to 
take part in the Exhibition which is to be opened on the Centennial Anniversary of the 
Declaration of the Independence of the United States. 

I have therefore appointed, having been duly authorized so to do, Mr. Edward Shippen, 
Ecuadorian Consul at Philadelphia, as Resident Commissioner of Ecuador in that city. 

The Commissioners in New York are Messrs. Riban & Munaz, No. 52 Pine Street, and 
Mr. Gabriel Obarrio, No. 59 Liberty Street. 

If other Commissioners shall be appointed hereafter, I shall inform your Excellency of 
the fact without delay. 

I avail myself of this occasion to offer your Excellency the assurance of my high con- 
sideration. 

A. FLORES. 
Honorable Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State of the United States of America, etc., 

etc., etc. 



EGYPT. Egypt. 

[translation.] 
RIAZ PACHA TO MR. BEARDSLEY. 

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cairo, April 29, 1875. 

Mr. Agent and Consul-General, — As I have had the honor of informing you, I has- 
tened to lay before his Highness the Khedive the communications relating to the Inter- 
national Exhibition which will take place at Philadelphia in 1876, which you were pleased 
to address to me. 

His Highness, anxious to respond to the flattering invitation of the Government of the 
United States of America, and to see his country paiM:icipate in the great international 
concourse so eminently useful for the development of the arts and industry and of the 
commercial interests of every people, enjoins me to request you, Mr. Agent and Consul- 



2$6 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Acceptances 
by Foreign 
Governments. 
Egypt. 



General, to be pleased to transmit his thanks to, and to inform the American Government 
that he has taken measures in order that Egypt shall be represented at the Exhibition at 
Philadelphia. 

A special Commission will be constituted for this purpose, and will be placed under the 
Presidency of his Highness the Prince, — Heir, — Minister of the Interior. 

His Highness the Khedive has been pleased to appoint me Vice-President of this Com- 
mission, and to designate Mr. Brugsch-Bey, Professor of Egyptology, to the functions of 
Commissioner-General. 

While happy to be able to inform you of these decisions, I seize with pleasure this oppor- 
tunity to renew, Mr. Agent and Consul-General, the expressions of my high consideration. 

RIAZ. 



France. 



FRANCE, 



Paris, September 19, 1874. 

Sir, — In his communication of the 15th of July last, in relation to the Philadelphia Ex- 
hibition, Mr. Washburn expressed a desire that the French Government should select one 
or more delegates, whose duty it should be to correspond directly, in the capacity of Com- 
missioners, with the Centennial Commission of the United States, on all questions in which 
French exhibitors might be interested. 

In conjunction with the Ministers of Agriculture and Commerce, my department has just 
appointed M. de la Forest, Consul-General of France at New York, as French Commis- 
sioner to the Philadelphia Exhibition; it has also appointed M. Ravin d'Elpeux, Vice- 
Consular Agent of France at Philadelphia, as Adjunct Commissioner. 

I hasten, sir, to inform you of these appointments, begging you to be pleased to bring 
them to the knowledge of the Federal Government and of the Centennial Commission. 

Receive sir, etc., 

DECAZES. 
To Col. Wickham Hoffman, Charge d' Affaires of the United States. 



Germany. GERMANY. 

[translation.] 
PRINCE BISMARCK TO BARON SCHLOZER. 

Berlin, January 2, 1874. 
Sir, — In pursuance of my dispatch of October 29th last, relative to the International 
Exhibition intended to be held in the year 1876, at Philadelphia, I request you, respectfully, 
to communicate to the Secretary of State, Mr. Fish, that the German Empire accepts with 
the sincerest thanks the invitation of the Government of the United States of America to 
take part in the above-mentioned Exhibition. The appointment of a special Commission 
for the Exhibition, as also of a Plenipotentiary of the same, residing in Philadelphia, will 
therefore be made in time. 

I reserve a special communication in this matter, and beg to be furnished with the rules 
proposed under No. 10 of the General Regulations as soon as the same shall have been 
published. 

The Chancellor of the Empire, 

BISMARCK. 



APPENDIX II. 



257 



GREAT BRITAIN. Acceptance, 

by Foreign 

LORD DERBY TO GENERAL SCHENCK. 



Governments. 
Great Britain. 



Foreign Office, December 3, 1874. 
Sir, — With reference to my letter of the 25th of August, I have now the honor to inform 
you that her Majesty's Government accept with much pleasure the invitation of the United 
States to take part in the International Exhibition to be held at Philadelphia in 1876. I 
shall have the honor to acquaint you hereafter with the arrangements which will be come 
to in order to carry this decision into effect. 

Her Majesty's Government trust that this Exhibition will fully realize the objects which 
the Government of the United States and the promoters of the undertaking have in view, 
and they do not doubt that it will tend to the further development of the important commer- 
cial relations between Great Britain and the United States. 

I have the honor to be, with the highest consideration, 

Sir, your most obedient humble servant, 

DERBY. 



GREECE. Greece - 

[translation.] 

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Athens, the 13th of December, 1875. 

Mr. Minister, — Referring to my dispatch dated the 21st March last, I have the pleas- 
ure to inform you that the Royal Government, though regretting not to be able to take part 
in the Universal Exposition of Philadelphia, thinks it to be its duty to participate in the 
grand national fete that the United States will celebrate in commemoration of American 
Independence by the appointment of Mr. D. Batassis, our Consul- General at New York, 
as the special representative of the Hellenic Government. 

I hope that you will see in this decision a sign of the interest that the Royal Government 
desires to manifest on this occasion to the Government of the United States, and that the 
sympathy so many times shown by the American nation towards Greece will render it very 
easy for our representative to excuse our absence from the Exhibition at Philadelphia. 

Please to accept, Mr. Minister, the assurance of my high consideration. 

A. A. CONTOSTAVLOS. 
To General John Meredith Read, Minister Resident of the United States of America. 



GUATEMALA. 

[translation.] 

Office of Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Guatemala, August 18, 1874. 
His Excellency Hon. Geo. Williamson, United States Minister Resident. 

Sir, — The Minister of Improvement, to whom I transmitted the esteemed favor of your 
Excellency of the 1st instant, has issued a decree on the part of the Government of Guate- 
mala on the 13th instant, printed in the Gnatemalteco of yesterday, accepting the invi- 
tation of the Supreme Executive Power of the United States to be represented in the Expo- 
sition at Philadelphia, and appointing as Commissioner for that object Don Vincento 
Dardon Minister Plenipotentiary of this Republic in that country. 

17 



Guatemala. 



258 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Acceptances I S^ ye mv thanks to your Excellency for the information, and take with pleasure this new 

by Foreign opportunity of repeating that I am 

Governments. Your attentive servant, 

Guatemala. M> A> SQTO. 

DECREE RELATIVE TO THE INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION AT 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Palace of the Government, Guatemala, August 13, 1874. 

Taking into consideration the official communication which the Minister Resident of the 
United States of America, Hon. George Williamson, directed to the Secretary of Foreign 
Affairs in the name of his Government, inviting that of this Republic to take part in the 
International Exposition that is to take place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the 4th of July, 
1876, in commemoration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Independence of that 
great nation, and considering that as soon as the said Exposition was first announced the 
Government of the United States issued a corresponding invitation to that of Guatemala, 
which has manifested, and is of the opinion, that the Republic of Guatemala, properly rep- 
resented, should take part in the great and solemn occasion, which without doubt will give 
the greatest results in favor of agriculture, commerce, and the arts of the country, the Sec- 
retaries of the office in charge of the Government decree : 

1st. To accept the above-mentioned invitation, resolving that the Republic of Guatemala 
shall take part in the International Exposition that will take place in Philadelphia the 4th 
of July, 1876. 

2d. To nominate Don Vincente Dardon, Minister of Guatemala in Washington, Com- 
missioner of the Government of Guatemala, to place himself in communication with the 
Centennial Commission of the United States in reference to the details of the Exposition 
and the allotment of space, also with the Director-General, Mr. A. T. Goshorn. 

3d. To empower the Secretary of Improvement to issue the necessary orders for the 
fulfillment of this decree ; and 

4th. To recommend very especially to the " Jefes Politicos" and other authorities of the 
departments that they aid and assist the Commission or Commissioners that may be ap- 
pointed by said Secretary for the preparation and arrangement of the articles that are to be 
sent to the Exposition of which this treats. 

Decreed. 

Signed by the Secretaries of the office in charge of the Government. 

SAMAYOA. 



Hawaiian 
Islands. 



HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Legation of the United States of America, 
Honolulu, January 20, 1874. 
Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, Washington, D. C. 

Sir, — By a note of this date, received from the Hawaiian Minister of Foreign Affairs, 
the Legation is informed of the intention of his Majesty's Government to cause this country 
to be represented at the United States International Exhibition of 1876, by a Commission 
to be duly appointed, and by an exhibition of the arts, manufactures, and natural productions 
of the Kingdom. 

It is presumed that the Hawaiian Assembly, after meeting together in May next, will 
make an appropriation to cover the anticipated expenses of the Hawaiian part of the 
Exhibition. 

The local newspapers have indicated their intention to advocate the measures, and 



APPENDIX H. 



259 



to fully inform the people in regard to the subject of the United States International Acceptances 

Exhibition. by Foreign 

With great respect, your obedient servant, Governments 

* HENRY A. PEIRCE. Hawaiian 



Islands. 



Department of Foreign Affairs, Honolulu, August 6, 1874. 

Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your dispatch of 1st inst., call- 
ing my attention to the correspondence between your Excellency and my predecessor in 
office regarding the United States Centennial Anniversary and International Exhibition to 
be held at Philadelphia in the year 1876, and to the steps to be taken by this Government, 
by which the arts, manufactures, and products of this country may be duly represented 
there. 

I have now the pleasure to inform you that his Majesty has been pleased to appoint Mr. 
S. U. F. Odell, his Majesty's Charge d' Affaires and Consul-General at New York, to be 
Special Commissioner in the United States for this Kingdom at the International Exhibition 
at Philadelphia in 1876; his Majesty has also been pleased to appoint his Excellency the 
Minister of Interior, the Hon. Samuel G. Wilder, and the Hon. J. U. Kanainni, to be 
Special Commissioners in Honolulu, to collect, receive, and forward objects illustrative of 
the arts, manufactures, and products of the soil of the Hawaiian Kingdom for the said 
Exhibition. 

Trusting that the initiation of measures to extend the knowledge of Hawaiian products 
in the United States of America, on so auspicious an occasion as the Centennial Anniver- 
sary of its Independence, may lead to closer and more extended commercial relations 
between the two countries, I take this opportunity of assuring your Excellency of the 
high respect and distinguished consideration with which 

I have the honor to remain your Excellency's most obedient servant, 

WM. L. GREEN, Minister of Foreign. Affairs, ad interim. 
His Excellency Henry A. Peirce, United States Minister Resident. 



HONDURAS. Honduras 

[translation.] 

Camayagua, September 12, 1874. 

Sir, — I have had the distinguished honor of receiving the courteous and cordial invi- 
tation that in the name of the Government of the United States your Excellency extends 
to the Republic of Honduras to take part in the International Exposition that will take 
place in Philadelphia, the 4th of July, 1876, in commemoration of the One Hundredth 
Anniversary of the Independence of the United States. The Government of Honduras, 
penetrated with the most lively gratitude and true American enthusiasm, cannot do less 
than accept the invitation to the International Exposition at Philadelphia, and in due 
time will communicate to the Director-General of the Exposition the names of the persons 
to whom Honduras intrusts its representation, as it pleased your Excellency to suggest in 
your esteemed favor dated the 1st of last August. 

I repeat to your Excellency the assurances of the high appreciation with which I sub- 
scribe myself, 

Your most obedient servant, 

ADOLF ZUNIGA. 



260 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Acceptances 
by Foreign 
Governments. 
Italy. 



ITALY. 

[note verbale.] 
BARON ALBERTO BLANC TO MR. FISH. 

Washington, November 9, 1875. 

The Legation of Italy at Washington has the honor to announce to the Government of 
the United States that Italy will take part in the Centennial Exhibition which is to be held 
at Philadelphia in 1876. 

The following explanatory documents are inclosed with this " note verbale" : 

1. Two copies of a printed circular from the Royal Minister of Agriculture, Industry, 
and Commerce to the Prefects, Presidents of the Academies of Fine Arts, and the artistic 
and industrial associations of the Kingdom, notifying them of the formation of an Italian 
Central Committee at Florence for the Philadelphia Exhibition, and stating what aid the 
Government of the King intends to lend to this Committee by means of a fixed subsidy and 
by its moral co-operation near the Government of the United States. 

2. Two copies of a lithographed circular issued by the Italian Central Committee at 
Florence to the Italian Chambers of Commerce and Art, notifying them of its organization, 
and stating what its functions will be. 

3. Two copies of a printed circular issued by the same Committee to Italian exhibitors, 
containing a detailed statement of the conditions of their participation in the Exhibition, 
with the co-operation of a general agent of the Italian Committee who is to represent that 
body at Philadelphia. 

The Royal Legation of Italy will hereafter inform the Government of the United States 
of the appointment which is to be made of a Royal Commissioner as the general repre- 
sentative of the Italian Government and of the Central Committee at Florence near the 
authorities of the United States. 

Meanwhile, the Royal Legation has received orders from its Government to request that 
the space of 11,644 feet which was originally assigned to Italy may be reserved for it in 
the Exhibition building. It would at the same time be grateful if the Government of the 
United States would be pleased to inform it how much space can be granted to Italy in 
the building which is to be devoted to the fine arts. 



Japan. JAPAN. 

[translation.] 

TERASHIMA MUNENORI TO MR. BINGHAM. 

The 25th of the 5th month, the 7th year Meiji. (May 25, 1874 ) 
Your Excellency, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency's 
dispatch, No. 34, dated the 20th April, and informing me that on the 4th day of July, 
1876, there will be opened in the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, an 
International Exhibition, in connection with the celebration, at the same time and place, 
of the Centennial Anniversary of American Independence, and that his Excellency the 
President of the United States, by his Proclamation issued in July last, commends, etc. 

I beg leave in reply to say, that the Japanese Government will take great satisfaction in 
making known among its subjects that an International Exhibition is to be opened in the 
United States, and that those who desire to exhibit Japanese productions, manufactures, 
etc., etc., will receive from the Government every assistance and convenience for that 
purpose. 

I beg leave to add that a National Commission for Japan will be appointed after it has 



Governiiieius. 
Japan. 



APPENDIX H. 26l 

been ascertained what extent of articles there is to be sent from Japan, and I will then Accept 
consult with your Excellency upon any point that may arise. by Foreign 

Furthermore, it is probable that a special mission will be sent from Japan to co-operate 
in the celebration of American Independence, and to bear token of our friendship for the 
United States. Should this not occur, the duty of such a mission will be intrusted to the 
Japanese Minister in your countiy. Your Excellency will please communicate the above 
to the proper authorities of your country. 

With respect and consideration, 

TERASHIMA MUNENORI, H. I. J. M., 

Minister for Foreign Affairs. 



LIBERIA. Iberia. 

Department of State, Monrovia, Sept. 1, 1874. 

Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge your dispatch of 21st August, extending in the 
name of the United States, in conformity with an Act of the American Congress, an invi- 
tation to Liberia to participate in the Centennial Exhibition to be held at Philadelphia 
during the year 1876. Having been authorized by an Act of the Legislature of Liberia to 
accept the invitation tendered by you on 20th August, 1873, on behalf of the Government 
of the United States, to be represented at the Exhibition, I beg to repeat the acceptance 
forwarded you 1 8th February last, and to say that the Republic of Liberia will heartily 
participate therein. 

The President has been pleased to appoint as one of the Commissioners Hon. J. S. 
Payne, of this city ; and Edwd. S. Morris, of Philadelphia, has been offered the other ap- 
pointment, and if he accepts information will be given. Your information relative to a 
revision of the general regulations, the name of the Director-General, etc., has been 
observed. 

I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, 

J. E. MOORE. 
To Hon. J. MlLTON Turner, United States Minister Resident, Monrovia. 



LUXEMBOURG. 

F. DE BLOCHAUSEN TO MR. FISH. 

Luxembourg, April 12, 1876. 

Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt upon the 1st instant of your letter 
dated March 15, 1876, in answer to my telegram asking for an official invitation of the 
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg to take part in the Exhibition of Philadelphia. 

The Government of the Grand Duchy is eager to inform your Honor that we aceept 
gratefully the cordial invitation to be represented in the International Exhibition that will 
be held at Philadelphia, in which Mr. Berger, member of the House of Deputies of Lux- 
embourg, has been appointed by royal grand-ducal decret as its Representative charged to 
correspond with the Commissaries of the Exhibition. 

I beg you may be assured of the high consideration with which I have the honor to be, 
sir, your obedient servant, 

F. DE BLOCHAUSEN. 
To the Department of State, Washington. 



Luxembourg. 



262 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Acceptances 
by Foreign 
Governments. 
Mexico. 



MEXICO. 

[translation.] 

Department of Fomento : Colonization, Industry, and Commerce of the 
Mexican Republic. Second Section. 

Mexico, July 26, 1S74. 
To the Citizen Minister of Foreign Affairs, — 

There has been received at this Department your note, dated 22d instant, in which you 
were pleased to transmit a translation of the note which, on the 20th instant, the Minister 
of the United States of America addressed to your Department, inviting, on behalf of the 
President and in the name of that nation, the Government of Mexico to be represented and 
to take part in the International Exposition which will take place at Philadelphia in the 
year 1876. 

The said note having been brought to the attention of the Citizen President, he has 
thought proper to direct that I say to you, in order that you may be so good as to commu- 
nicate to the Minister of the United States that the Government of Mexico acknowledges 
and accepts the invitation which, through him, the Government of the United States ex- 
tends to it, to be represented and to take part in the International Exposition, which will 
take place in Philadelphia in the year 1 876, in commemoration of the Centennial Anni- 
versary of the Declaration of Independence of that Republic. 

At the same time you will be pleased to inform him that the Government of Mexico will 
proceed to organize the Commissions both in this country and in the United States which 
will be intrusted with the preparatory labors for the object indicated ; and that meanwhile, 
you request the Minister pf the United States to have the goodness to communicate all 
that in his judgment may be of interest to the Government of the Republic concerning the 
present state of affairs of the American Commission. 

Independence and Liberty. 

BALCARCEL. 



The 

Netherlanc 



THE NETHERLANDS. 

Legation of the Netherlands, Washington, January 24, 1874. 

Mr. Secretary of State, — I have not failed to transmit to my Government the proc- 
lamation which I had the honor to receive from your Excellency announcing the Industrial 
Exposition which is to be held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the year 1876, for the pur- 
pose of celebrating the Centennial Anniversary of American Independence, and in which 
the American Government has invited the Netherlands to take part. In reply, I have the 
honor to inform your Excellency that the Government of the Netherlands has received 
this international invitation with lively satisfaction, and intends to take part in the said 
Exposition by contributing productions of the arts and industry of the Netherlands. 

To this effect a Commission will be appointed in the Netherlands, and also a Committee 
to direct and furnish information to exhibitors. 

As soon as it shall be in my power I shall hasten to communicate to your Excellency 
the names and quality of the persons who are to constitute this Committee. 

Be pleased to accept, Mr. Secretary of State, the renewed assurances of my very high 
consideration. 

WESTENBERG. 

Honorable Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, etc, etc., etc., Washington. 



APPENDIX If. 



263 



State. 



ORANGE FREE STATE. Acceptances 

by Foreign 

Government Office, Governments. 

Bloemfontein, 3d December, 1874. Received February 8, 1 87 5. Orange Free 
Sir,- — I am directed by the President to inform you that it affords this Government very 
great pleasure to receive from their Consul-General in the United States the invitation to 
this Government to take part in the International Exhibition which is to be held in Phil- 
adelphia in 1876, and contained in your Honor's letter to him of the 26th August last, and 
to state that the President has been pleased to appoint Mr. Charles W. Riley as the agent 
of the Government of the Orange Free State in connection with all matters regarding the 
representation of this State at the proposed Exhibition. 

Begging your Honor to accept the assurance of my high consideration, I have the honor 
to be, sir, etc., etc., etc., 

F. K. HOHNE, Government Secretary. 

The Right Honorable the Secretary of State, Washington, United States of 
America. 



PERU. Peru. 

SNR. DE LA RIVA AGNERO TO MR. THOMAS. 

Lima, February 10, 1874. 

Sir, — Tn answer to the very appreciable communication of your Excellency of the 19th 
of September last, I have the honor to inform you that my Government accepts with the 
most lively enthusiasm the invitation which, through the dignity of your Excellency, the 
Government of the United States has been pleased to make, in order that Peru should take 
part in an International Exposition of the Arts, Manufactures, and Natural Products, which 
takes place in Philadelphia on the 19th of April, 1876, in celebration of the One Hun- 
dredth Anniversary of the Independence of the United States. 

The value of such a meeting, the prestige given to it in the name of the Government 
under whose auspices it is to be realized, the importance of the great event which it is to 
commemorate, all contribute to render it one of the most splendid manifestations of progress 
and civilization in the present century, and a historic and glorious event in the cause of 
humanity. 

My Government is pleased in the highest manner by the invitation to this universal cele- 
bration given in the name of the American Union, and has hastened to appoint on our part 
the Commissioners to arrange with the contributors from Peru, and with the Central Com- 
mission of the Exposition in Philadelphia, Colonel Manuel Freyre, Minister Plenipotentiary 
to the United States from Peru, at Washington, and Mr. Frederick L. Barreda, Mr. Edward 
Villena, and Mr. Charles Tracy. For the information of the public and national contribu- 
tors, I have directed that there should be published, in due time, the proposed regulations 
and other information which for the object in view your Excellency was pleased to send 
me, accompanying your dispatch. 

I trust that your Excellency will be pleased to transmit to your Government, together 
with the acceptation of my Government, our most sincere thanks for the noble invitation, 
and I avail myself of this occasion to reiterate to your Excellency the assurance of my high 
and distinguished consideration, and have the honor to subscribe myself, 
Your most obedient servant, 

J. DE LA RIVA AGNERO. 
Honorable Francis Thomas, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of 

the United States of America. 



264 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Acceptances 
by Foreign 
Governments. 
Portugal. 



PORTUGAL. 

[translation.] 

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Lisbon, March 3, 1875. 

I have before me the note which you did me the honor to address to me on the 4th of 
August of last year, inviting in the name of the President of the United States the Portu- 
guese Government to be represented and to take part in the Exhibition of Arts, Manu- 
factures, and Agricultural Products, to take place at Philadelphia, under the auspices of the 
Government of the United States. 

Thanking you for the very kind terms in which you have conveyed the invitation of the 
President, I have the pleasure to communicate to you that the Portuguese Government 
wishes to take part in the Exhibition to which you refer, and will give the necessary in- 
structions to his Majesty's Minister at Washington to confer with the Director-General of 
the Exhibition in regard to the allotment of space, and the conditions to be complied with. 

I avail myself of this occasion to renew the assurances of my distinguished considera- 
tion. 

JOAO D'ANDRADE CORVO. 

Charles H. Lewis, Esq., Minister Resident of the United States, etc., etc., etc. 



Russia. 



RUSSIA, 



[translation.] 
BARON JOMINI TO MR. BOKER. 

St. Petersburg, -^ October, 1875. 
Imperial Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Department of Internal Relations. 

Mr. Minister, — The Imperial Ministry has taken into serious consideration the com- 
munications, both written and verbal, which you have been good enough to make to it 
on the subject of the Universal Exposition to take place at Philadelphia in 1876. 

It follows from these communications that this new international gathering will differ 
essentially from the previous Exhibitions at London, Paris, and Vienna. 

The Philadelphia Exhibition, by making part of the fetes arranged for the celebration of 
the Centennial Jubilee of the Independence of the United States of America, presents 
itself on this very account as an essentially national undertaking, in which friendly nations 
are invited to participate. 

These considerations have been the subject of a report to his Majesty the Emperor, 
and my august Master has deemed it agreeable to the traditions of friendship which have 
always existed between Russia and the United States to accept the cordial invitation from 
the Cabinet of Washington to take part in a national solemnity for commemorating one of 
the grandest facts in the history of humanity. 

By supreme order a Special Commission has been constituted in the Ministry of 
Finance, under the presidency of the Privy Councillor Butofsky, for the organization of 
the Russian section of the Philadelphia Exhibition. 

I have hastened to communicate the foregoing to our representative at Washington, and 
I have requested him to bring it to the knowledge of the United States Government. 

Accept, Mr. Minister, the assurance of my most distinguished consideration. 

BARON JOMINI. 
Mr. BoKER, etc., etc, etc. 



APPENDIX H. 



SALVADOR, 



265 



Acceptances 
by Foreign 
[TRANSLATION.] Governments. 



Office of Secretary of Foreign Affairs, San Salvador, August 18, 1874. 
His Excellency Hon. Geo. Williamson, United States Minister Resident. 

Sir, — There is received in this office the esteemed favor of your Excellency, dated the 
1st instant, in which, in the name of your Government, you were pleased to extend to that 
of Salvador a cordial and respectful invitation to be represented and take part in the 
International Exposition that will take place in Philadelphia, under the auspices of the 
Government in Washington, the 4th of July, 1876, in commemoration of having completed 
a century since the Independence of the Great Republic. 

My Government accepts with great pleasure this invitation, as it is a friend of progress, 
a lover of the liberty of that great people and an admirer of its grandeur. 

I will soon have the honor of communicating to your Excellency the means that may 
be taken for this end, and meanwhile, you will be pleased to accept the appreciation and 
consideration of 

Your obedient servant, 

M. BRISO. 



Salvador. 



SIAM. 

[translation.] 

CHOW PHYA BHANUWONGSE MAHA KOSA DHIPOTI THE PHRAK- 
LANG, MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 

To General F. W. Partridge, United States Consul. 

Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your dispatch of the 9th inst., in 
relation to the Centennial Exhibition in the City of Philadelphia, United States of America, 
in the year 1876, which, together with the inclosures relating thereto, has been duly noted. 

I presented your dispatch and the proclamation to his Majesty the King of Siam for his 
information. His Majesty conferred with the entire Senabode in council, and it was 
observed the United States and Siam are on cordial terms of national friendship, and that 
it is necessary and proper to procure articles indigenous to the country, and articles manu- 
factured by Siamese artisans as they are able, and send them in accordance with the request 
of the Government of the United States. 

In regard to a person to take charge of the goods to be sent, whether a Siamese officer 
will be appointed or an American citizen in Siamese service, has not yet been decided. 
When the matter has been duly considered and determined upon as to who will be sent, I 
will address you on the subject, and let you know who will go in charge of the goods. 



Siam. 



Foreign Office, Bangkok, 31st December, 1874. 



f Seal of the \ 

\ Minister of Foreign Affairs. J 



SPAIN. Spain. 

Legation of Spain at Washington, Washington, April 24, 1874. 
The undersigned Minister Plenipotentiary of Spain has the honor to address the Honor- 
able Secretary of State of the United States, inclosing to him a copy of a dispatch which 
he has received from the Secretary-General of the Ministry of State at Madrid, signifying 



266 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Acceptances 
by Foreign 
Governments. 
Spain. 



Spain's acceptance of the invitation to take part in the International Exhibition which is 
to be held at Philadelphia in the year 1876, by way of celebrating the One Hundredth 
Anniversary of the Independence of the United States. The undersigned is very happy 
to inclose this dispatch to the Honorable Secretary of State, since it confirms the telegram 
announcing the acceptance of Spain, which was received some time since by the under- 
signed, and which he only communicated verbally to the Honorable Secretary of State, 
having waited until the arrival of the dispatch, which he now has the honor to inclose, 
before doing so in writing. 

The undersigned will thank the Honorable Secretary of State for all the information 
which it may be possible to give in relation to the aforesaid Exhibition that he may 
transmit it to his Government, and he gladly avails himself of this occasion to reiterate to 
the Honorable Secretary of State the assurances of his most distinguished consideration. 

JOSE POLO DE BERNABE. 
To the Honorable Secretary of State of the United States, etc.. etc., etc. 



Ministry of State, Commercial Section, No. 20. 

Most Excellent Sir, — The Minister of Commerce and Industry writes to this Ministry 
under date of the 21st instant as follows : 

The Government of the Republic has been gratified to receive the invitation which has 
been extended to Spain, through your Excellency, by the Secretary of State of the North 
American Republic, to take part in the International Exhibition which is to be held at 
Philadelphia in the year 1876. 

It having been decided by the Council of Ministers that Spain shall take part in said 
Exhibition, and that an announcement thereof shall be sent by telegraph, I have the honor 
to inform your Excellency of this, in order that it may be brought, through the proper 
channel, to the knowledge of the Government of the United States, which will be requested 
at the proper time to assign to Spain such space, etc., as according to the circulars which 
have been issued is to be granted to nations sending articles for exhibition. The Spanish 
Government will adopt all necessary measures to the end that Spain may be represented at 
the International Exhibition at Philadelphia in the best manner possible, and, for the 
present, I beg your Excellency to be pleased to send me all the documents relative to said 
Exhibition that may now be in the Ministry under your worthy charge, and also any others 
that may be received hereafter. 

By order of the Minister of State I transmit this to your Excellency for your information 
and for the proper purposes. 

May God guard your Excellency many years ! 

Madrid, February 28, 1874. 

The Secretary- General, 

PIO GULLON. 
To the Minister Plenipotentiary of Spain, at Washington, etc., etc., etc. 



Sweden and 
Norway. 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 

[translation.] 

Stockholm, June 2, 1874. 
Sir, — By your note of August 28, which you did me the honor to address to me, you 
had the kindness to inform me of the opening of an International Exhibition of the Pro- 
ducts of Agriculture, of Industry, and the Fine Arts, the 19th of April, 1876, at Phila- 
delphia, to celebrate the Centennial Anniversary of the Independence of the United States; 



APPENDIX II. 



267 



Norway. 



you expressed to me at the same time the desire of your Government to see the United Acceptances 
Kingdoms take part in it. by Foreign 

I have not failed to bring the matter to the attention of the competent authorities; and Governments, 
the Government of the King, which always feels a lively interest in these international 
meetings that have contributed so much to the development of the industry and pacific 
intercourse of the different nations, and which desires on this occasion to give to the 
United States a new proof of its sincere friendship and of its lively sympathies, has 
hastened to propose to the Legislatures of the two countries to grant necessary funds for 
the preliminary arrangements. His proposition having been acted upon in the most 
favorable manner by both the Riksdag and the Storthing, I am happy to be able to inform 
you that the United Kingdoms will take part in the Exhibition at Philadelphia. 

I beg you to be kind enough to inform your Government of the above, and also to bring 
it to the knowledge of the Commission of the Exhibition, and I seize the occasion to renew 
to you, sir, the assurances of my most distinguished consideration. 

O. M. BJORNSTJERNA. 
Mr. Andrews, Minister Resident of the United States of America. 



SWITZERLAND. Switzerland 

THE FEDERAL COUNCIL TO MR. RUBLEE. 

Berne, January 26, 1874. 

The Federal Council had the honor to receive the notes addressed to it by the, Minister 
Resident of the United States of America near the Swiss Confederation of the 18th and 
25th of November, 1873, inviting Switzerland to take part in the International Exhibition 
to be held at Philadelphia in 1876, in commemoration of the Centennial Anniversary of 
the Independence of the States of the American Union. 

In thanking Mr. Rublee for these overtures, and in requesting him to be pleased to 
convey to his Government its grateful sentiments for the courteous invitation which it accepts, 
the Federal Council assures him that it will use its best efforts to promote the enterprise, 
as it has done in the case of similar Expositions in Europe, provided that the necessary 
credits are granted by the Federal Assembly. Nevertheless, it cannot refrain from remark- 
ing here, that the great Universal Expositions have succeeded each other so rapidly 
during the last decades as to give rise to the apprehension of a certain fatigue on the part 
of exhibitors, and hence of an indisposition to take part therein, and that the obstacles 
interposed by the great distance of the place of Exposition will naturally be attended with 
the consequence that only those branches of industry which are directly interested will be 
suitably represented at the Exhibition. 

However it may be, the Federal Council begs the Minister Resident of the United 
States to be pleased to procure for it two or three plans of the premises of the Exposition, 
and a number of programmes of the same, in order that the Swiss authorities may be 
enabled, with as much certainty as possible, to take the preparatoiy steps for participation 
of Switzerland in the Exposition. 

In the mean time, the Federal Council hastens to renew to Mr. Rublee the assurances of 
its high consideration. 

In the name of the Swiss Federal Council, the President of the Confederation, 

SCHENK. 
The Chancellor of the Confederation, 

SCHIESS. 



268 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Acceptances 
by Foreign 
Governments. 
Tunis. 



TUNIS. 

[translation from the arabic.] 

In the name of God ! 

GENERAL KEREDINE, PRIME MINISTER, AND MINISTER OF FOREIGN 
AFFAIRS OF HIS HIGHNESS THE BEY, TO MR. HARRIS HEAP, CON- 
SUL-GENERAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNITED STATES. 

We have received your note of the 13th of February, 1875, containing an invitation to the 
Government of his Highness (whom may God exalt !) to take part in the Centennial Universal 
Exhibition, which will be inaugurated in the City of Philadelphia, in America, in 1876. 

We have taken note of its contents, and submitted them to his Highness the Bey, who, 
in thanking your great Government for the same, directs me to say that he has ordered 
that his Government shall do what it is able on this occasion, as it has done in the past at 
previous Exhibitions. 

The 19th day of Moharrem, 1292. 26 February, 1875. 

KEREDINE. 



Turkey. 



TURKEY. 

Imperial Ottoman Legation, Washington, March 13, 1875. 

Mr. Secretary of State, — His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs informs 
me, in reply to one of my reports, that the Imperial Ottoman Government has decided to 
take part in the International Exhibition at Philadelphia, and that it has already taken the 
necessary steps for that purpose. 

His Excellency Safret Pasha also authorizes me to inform the Washington Cabinet of 
this decision. 

By taking part in this worthy enterprise the Sublime Porte has desired to furnish a new 
proof of its cordial feeling towards the United States, and I am happy to be the interpreter 
of its friendly sentiments. 

Be pleased to accept, Mr. Secretary of State, the assurances of my very high consideration. 

G. D'ARISTARCHI. 
His Excellency Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, etc., etc., etc. 



Venezuela. 



VENEZUELA. 

[translation.] 

Caracas, August 25, 1874. 

I have had the honor to receive your Excellency's note, in which, in the name and by 
the order of the Government which you so worthily represent, your Excellency is pleased 
to invite the Government of Venezuela to take part in the International Exposition which is 
to take place in Philadelphia in the year 1876; and in reply, it is gratifying to me to say to 
your Excellency that my Government will respond with pleasure to the cordial and honorable 
invitation which has been given by your Excellency, joining in this festival of progress, from 
which commerce and the industries of the whole world will surely receive abundant fruits. 

His Excellency the President of the Republic has arranged that the necessary steps 
shall be directed promptly, so that Venezuela may be represented fitly in the aforesaid 
Exhibition. 

I take this occasion to renew to your Excellency the assurances of my very distinguished 

consideration. 

JESUS MARIA BLANCO. 

To Hon. Thomas Russei.l, United States Minister Resident. 



APPENDIX I 



269 



APPENDIX I. 



PARTICIPATION BY FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS. Participation 

by Foreign 



Governments. 



Note. — The following statements are derived from information which all the Foreign Commissions were 
requested to furnish to the Director-General. The omission of exhibiting nations has been occasioned by 
the non- receipt of the information sought. The names of the Commissioners from each nation have been 
printed in Appendix B, pages 87-99. 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Argentine 

Republic. 
The Congress, in 1875, appropriated the sum of $90,000 to defray the expenses of the 
Commission, and afterwards the additional amount of $30,000, to provide for forwarding 
and installing exhibits and publishing a catalogue of them, with statistical information 
concerning the country. Beside bearing all transportation charges, the Government in 
many instances advanced to exhibitors the means of preparing their products. The several 
Provincial Governments also took part in the preparations; and traveling agents went 
through the country collecting exhibits. There was held, moreover, at Buenos Ayres — 
December 12, 1875, to January 3, 1876 — a preliminary Exhibition, under the auspices of 
the President of the Republic, the Ministers, and the Commission, from which objects 
were selected to be forwarded to Philadelphia. Among the exhibitors were the President 
of the Republic, the Departments of Public Instruction and of Agriculture, and several 
of the Provincial Governments. 



AUSTRIA. Austria. 

The participation of the Government consisted of the appointment of a Commission 
which it credited with the sum of $75,000. This was to provide for the expenses of the 
Commission itself, to be used in aiding exhibitors, and to secure collections and publish 
reports, for whose preparation official reporters were commissioned. 



BELGIUM, 



Belgium. 



The Government allowed its Commission a credit of $50,000, a portion of which was 
applied to relieving exhibitors in the matters of transportation, installation, etc. 



BRAZIL. 

The Government assumed the entire expense of individual and national exhibits. 



Brazil. 



270 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Participation DENMARK. 

by Foreign 

Governments. The Government allowed 40,000 crowns to its Commission, which was partially used in 

Denmark. aid of the exhibitors. The War Department exhibited topographical maps, and the Royal 

Greenland Co. an ethnographical collection from Greenland. 



Egypt. EGYPT. 

Only ten private exhibitors participated in the display from Egypt, the mass of the ex- 
hibition being made by the Government, which bore the entire cost, while most of the 
objects were the property of the National Museum. The other contributing governmental 
departments were the Ministries of War and of Public Instruction, the Polytechnic School, 
and the Mechanics' Institute of Boolak. 



Germany. GERMANY. 

The individual exhibitors in most instances bore the costs of transportation, installation, 
and care of goods during the Exhibition ; the German Commission assuming only the general 
charge of cleaning and watching its space ; of decorating it with flags, columns, trophies, 
etc.; and of publishing an Official Catalogue of the German section in the German and 
English languages. In some exceptional cases the Government made grants of money in 
aid of exhibitors who represented important national industries, to the participants in certain 
collective exhibits, and to exhibitors in the Department of Art, whose works were trans- 
ported at the charge of the Commission. On the part of the Government itself, collections 
were shown by the Royal Prussian Ministry of Commerce, the Mining Departments, the 
Royal Prussian Porcelain Manufactory at Berlin, the Royal Prussian Mineral-water 
Administration at Nassau, the Royal Prussian Lower Silesian Railroad, and the Royal 
Wurtembergian Smelting- Works. 

It is explained by the Commission that Germany was not adequately represented at the 
Exhibition, partly because of the general stagnation in business, and partly because of the 
simultaneous occurrence of International Exhibitions at Brussels and Munich. 



Great Britain 
and Colonies. 



GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES. 

The exhibit by Great Britain was prepared under the direction of the Lords of the Com- 
mittee of Privy Council on Education. In addition to the members of the Commission, 
already named, to whom the details of the work were intrusted, the Government also pro- 
vided a considerable force of clerks, draftsmen, officers, and privates of the Royal Engi- 
neers and of the London Metropolitan police, messengers, carpenters, engineers, laborers, 
and attendants, whose services continued throughout the Exhibition. The Government, 
through its Commission, assisted individual exhibitors by providing labor and otherwise 
facilitating the installation and removal of goods, especially in the Machinery Department, 
where heavy objects were placed ; by partly paying for the provision of steam for machines 
requiring motive-power; by arranging with railroad and steamship companies the safest 
and cheapest transportation of exhibitors and goods to and from the Exhibition; by gen- 
erally su] erintending in England, and more especially in the United States, the dispatch 
and receipt of goods ; by aiding at the custom-house in obtaining prompt entry and removal 
of goods; by supervising, by the Metropolitan police, the British exhibits during the Exhi- 
bition, though without assumption of responsibility ; by providing attendants to clean the 
passage-ways and i how-cases of the British section; by collecting, insuring, forwarding, 



APPENDIX I. 



271 



installing, caring for, and returning (at the cost of some $25,000) the English fine-art col- F» art icipatic 
lection. Beside all this, collections were sent by the South Kensington Museum and the by Foreign 
Ordnance Survey of the United Kingdom, which it was intended to return at the cost of 
the Government; but they were presented, for the most part, to public institutions in the 
United States. The collection representing British India was sent under the authority of 
the Secretary of State for India, and at the expense of that department. The British Colo- 
nies, represented almost wholly at the expense of their respective Colonial Governments, 
were : 



Governments. 
Great Britain 
and Colonies. 



Bahamas, 

Bermuda, 

British Guiana, 

Canada, 

Cape of Good Hope, 

Ceylon, 

Gold Coast, 

Jamaica, 

Mauritius, 



New South Wales, 

New Zealand, 

Queensland, 

Seychelles Archipelago, 

South Australia, 

Straits Settlements, 

Tasmania, 

Trinidad, 

Victoria. 



BAHAMAS. Eahamas. 

The Government assumed the expenses of all the exhibitors, most of the participation 
being due to individual enterprise. None of the executive departments were represented, 
although the Commission at Nassau furnished certain articles which were really Govern- 
ment property. 

CANADA. Canada. 

A Government appropriation of $100,000 (in gold) provided for the expenses of trans- 
porting and returning articles ; packing, unpacking, installing, caring for, repacking, and 
returning them. Additional appropriations in furtherance of local collections were made 
by the several provinces, as follows: Ontario, $15,000; Quebec, $9000; Nova Scotia, 
$5000; New Brunswick, $3000; British Columbia, $1000. The Commission also met 
the expenses of exhibiting machinery in motion, and of caring for live-stock. It also 
subscribed $2000 toward the stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, in order to entitle 
Canadian exhibitors of cheese to space in the Dairy Building. 



CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. CapeofGood 

Hope. 
This was a collective exhibit, of which the expense was entirely borne by the Govern- 
ment, which purchased many of the articles and directed their ultimate presentation to 
public institutions in the United States. Those belonging to individual exhibitors were 
insured, transported, and installed at the cost of the local committee. 



NEW SOUTH WALES. New South 

Wales 
The Colonial Government bore the entire expense of shipment, insurance, railway freight, 

and other charges involved in collecting, forwarding, arranging, and returning the exhibits 

in its department, at a cost of about $40,000. The mining department of the Government 

displayed geological and mineralogical specimens; the printing department, books and 

bindings; the educational, a series of reports; and the survey department, maps of the 

colony. 



272 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876 



Participation 
by Foreign 
Governments. 
South 
Australia. 



SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 

The Commission was granted by the Government the sum of $17,500 for the preparations 
for the Exhibition; and the Commissioners provided for the packing, freight, charges, and 
final disposal of exhibits, in accordance with the desire of exhibitors. The Government 
also prepared and published, with especial reference to the Exhibition, a publication 
entitled South Australia, its History, Resources, and Productions. The Surveyor-General, 
the Adelaide Museum, the Botanic Gardens, and the Commission itself supplied objects 
and photographs representing the resources of the country. Most of the articles shown, 
however, were sent by individual exhibitors. 



Tasmania. TASMANIA. 

The Government defrayed the expense of the forwarding, maintenance, and return of 
all individual exhibits. It was represented by parliamentary reports, maps, statistics, and 
specimens of natural products; while the Tasmanian Salmon Commission made a fine 
display of fish, and the corporations of Hobart Town and Lancaster showed photographic 
views of those cities. 



Victoria. VICTORIA. 

The Government, beside bearing the expense of collecting, packing, forwarding, and 
installing all exhibits, purchased objects for exhibition at a cost of $15,000. The govern- 
mental departments represented were those of the public lands, the Government railways, 
the mines, the mint, the post-office, and the telegraph. 

The Commissioners to the Centennial Exhibition were authorized, moreover, to hold at 
Melbourne a preliminary Exhibition, open to the neighboring British Colonies and other 
countries, from which selections should be made of products suitable to be forwarded to 
Philadelphia. The Commission was materially assisted by the various departments of the 
Government — of railways, of customs, of the post-office ; — also by the Governments of New 
South Wales, South Australia, and Queensland; and by several railway, steamboat, and 
shipping companies. The Exhibition opened at Melbourne on September 2, 1875, an ^ 
continued until November 16, following.* In these preliminaries and in the representation 
of the Colony at Philadelphia the Victorian Commission was allowed by its Government to 
expend the sum of $44,000. 

* This preliminary Melbourne Exhibition of 1875 was open 76 days, and received a paying attendance of 
240,000 persons, — the total population of the colony being 850,000, — while the admission fees received were 
$41,665 (gold). The exhibitors represented Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, New 
Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia, Singapore, and Japan. The interest taken in it is shown by a 
comparison with the previous Exhibitions held at Melbourne : 

No. Exhibits. Space occupied. 

Exhibition of 1854 428 19,000 square feet. 

" " 1861 ........ 703 19,000 " " 

" " 1866 3,44 2 56,240 " " 

" " 1872 1,748 32,000 " " 

" " 1875 4,991 78,000 " " 

Of the 1060 exhibitors participating, 805 were from Victoria, and the total number of premiums awarded, 
of every grade, was 615. Most of the exhibits from Victoria, destined for the Centennial Exhibition, were 
shipped from Melbourne to New York in a sailing-vessel, which met with a series of disasters, protracting 
her passage to 149 days, and injuring the articles to be exhibited to the amount of some $8000, rendering 
many of them unfit for display. Specimens of grain and pomological products, however, which were shipped 
by steamers by way o San Francisco or the Suez Canal, reached Philadelphia in good condition, and 
elicited great commendation. 



APPENDIX I. 273 

J Aa A W . Participation 

by Foreign 
In November, 1874, the Japanese Minister at Washington notified the Government of Governments, 
the United States that Japan would participate in the Exhibition ; and in the month fol- Japan, 
lowing the work of preparation was commenced by an Imperial Commission, constituted 
as a department of the Ministry of the Interior, and composed mostly of persons who had 
gained experience at the Vienna Exhibition of 1873. An office was opened at Tokio; 
the Commission was granted a sum of about $300,000 ; and the provincial authorities were 
called upon to induce leading manufacturers to contribute. The Commission provided for 
the transportation of all exhibits to Philadelphia and for their installation, as well as for 
the traveling expenses of such exhibitors as accompanied their goods. The Government 
was represented by collections from several of its departments, especially that of Public 
Education. 



NETHERLANDS. Netherlands. 

The Government of the Netherlands appropriated $100,000, with which its Commission 
provided for the transportation and installation of objects, including show-cases, and in- 
surance. The Government itself exhibited collections of the products of its East-Indian 
Colonies ; specimens of the public works of the Netherlands ; and educational reports and 
statistics, with photographs and architectural plans of school-houses, etc. 



ORANGE FREE STATE. 

This was a collective exhibit, made entirely by the Government at its expense. The 
objects shown were chiefly minerals, animal and vegetable products, — including stuffed 
birds, plumage, ostrich-feathers, mounted butterflies and insects, — and diamonds, with 
specimens of the earths in which they are found. 



Orange Free 
State. 



PERU. Peru. 

The expenses of individual exhibitors from the port of shipment were assumed by the 
Government, which itself contributed most of the natural products on exhibition. 



PORTUGAL. Portugal. 

The greater part of the exhibits were contributed by individual exhibitors, though they 
were collected by officials of the Government, and forwarded at its expense. The govern- 
mental departments and corporations which exhibited were the General Direction of 
Geodetical Labors, the Industrial Institutes of Lisbon and of Oporto, the Meteorological 
Observatory of the " Infante Don Luis," the Ministry of the Treasury, the National 
Printing-Office at Lisbon, the Direction of Public Works of each of the districts of Lisbon, 
Oporto, Braza, Vianna do Castello, Vizeu, Aveiro, Coimbra, and Leiria, the Direction of 
the Mondego and Figueira Bar Works, the Administrative Board of the Ponta Delgada 
Artificial Harbor Works, the Bureau of Mines, the National Rope-Works, and the House 
of Correction and Central Jail, both at Lisbon. 

18 



274 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Participation 
by Foreign 
Governments. 
Sweden and 
Norway. 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 

The Diet appropriated $110,000 to cover the entire expenses of Sweden and her 
exhibitors. The latter were not only relieved of the cost of transportation, installation, 
show-cases, insurance, etc., but traveling and living expenses were allowed to those 
exhibitors or agents who accompanied their goods to Philadelphia. The Commission 
procured a large number of articles of which it was itself the exhibitor, — such as life-sized 
lay-figures representing national and military costumes, a model school-house, and exhibits 
representing the Educational and War Departments. It also published an official sectional 
Catalogue. Salaries of 3000 crowns each were allowed to six scientists and civil engi- 
neers, and of 1000 crowns each to ten mechanics of different industries, that they might 
prepare reports of their studies at the Exhibition, for publication by the Commission. On 
behalf of the Government, exhibits were made by the Departments of the Army and of 
Interior Affairs. 



Switzerland. 



The display made by Norway came largely from private exhibitors, whom the Govern- 
ment aided so far as to bear the costs of transportation and installation, while leaving them 
to provide their own show-cases and insurance. The ornamental wooden inclosure which 
surrounded the Norwegian Court in the Main Exhibition Building was erected at the cost 
of the Government. The public institutions under its control which exhibited were the 
Kongsberg Silver Mines, the Geological Survey of Norway, the Geographical Survey of 
Norway, the Statistical Bureau of Norway, the Director of Public Schools of Norway, the 
Board of Common Schools of Bergen, and the Museum of Bergen. 



SWITZERLAND. 



The National Assembly, by an Act dated June 29, 1875, authorized the participation of 
the Swiss Confederation in the Exhibition and appropriated $50,000, with which to defray 
the costs of administration, ihe arrangement and installation of exhibits, including show- 
cases and tables, freights, and insurance. Other expenses were borne by the exhibitors. 
The Federal Government appeared as an exhibitor only through the Department of Public 
Instruction and Science. Several of the Cantons, however, made governmental exhibits in 
the Groups of Education, Engineering, and Architecture. 



Tunis. 



TUNIS. 

The Bey appointed a Commission of twelve manufacturers and merchants, who, under 
the presidency of the Minister of Public Works, selected and prepared the articles exhibited. 
All of these were manufactured expressly for the Exhibition, except some antiquities and 
historical collections of arms. The Government bore the cost of installing the objects 
shown by individual exhibitors, but not of their transportation. 



Venezuela. 



VENEZUELA. 

The exhibits for the most part consisted of samples of natural products, — vegetable and 
mineral, — together with publications and some manufactured articles. Nearly all were 
presented by the Venezuelean Commission, after the close of the Exhibition, to public 
institutions throughout the United States. 



& 



J 




b,!E RARY 0F CONGRESS 



: 



019 928 061 2 




